Search (37 results, page 1 of 2)

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Abstract

Ontologies have been developed and investigated for quite a while now in artificial intelligente and natural language processing to facilitate knowledge sharing and reuse. More recently, the notion of ontologies has attracied attention from fields such as intelligent information integration, cooperative information systems, information retrieval, electronic commerce, and knowledge management. The author systematicaliy introduces the notion of ontologies to the non-expert reader and demonstrates in detail how to apply this conceptual framework for improved intranet retrieval of corporate information and knowledge and for enhanced Internet-based electronic commerce. In the second part of the book, the author presents a more technical view an emerging Web standards, like XML, RDF, XSL-T, or XQL, allowing for structural and semantic modeling and description of data and information.

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Source

Conceptual structures: logical, linguistic, and computational issues. 8th International Conference on Conceptual Structures, ICCS 2000, Darmstadt, Germany, August 14-18, 2000. Ed.: B. Ganter et al

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Abstract

One out of two companies have increased their productivity or saved costs with knowledge management. This is a result from a comprehensive cross-industry survey in Europe about knowledge management run by the Competence Center Knowledge Management at Fraunhofer IPK, Germany. Best practices in knowledge management from leading companies are described for practitioners in different industries. The book shows how to integrate knowledge management activities into the daily business tasks and processes, how to motivate people and which capabilities and skills are required for knowledge management. The book concludes with an overview of the leading knowledge management projects in several European countries.

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Abstract

Data warehousing has captured the attention of practitioners and researchers alike. But the design and optimization of data warehouses remains as an art rather than a science. This book presents the first comparative review of the state of the art and best current practice in data warehousing. It covers source and data integration, multidimensional aggregation, query optimization, update propagation, metadata management, quality assessment, and design optimization. Also, based on results of the European DWQ project, it offers a conceptual framework by which the architecture and quality of datawarehousing efforts can be assessed and improved using enriched metadata management combined with advanced techniques from databases, business modeling, and artificial intelligence

RSWK

Data-warehouse-Konzept / Informationsmanagement (21)

Subject

Data-warehouse-Konzept / Informationsmanagement (21)

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Abstract

Data Warehousing ist seit einigen Jahren in vielen Branchen ein zentrales Thema. Die anfängliche Euphorie täuschte jedoch darüber hinweg, dass zur praktischen Umsetzung gesicherte Methoden und Vorgehensmodelle fehlten. Dieses Buch stellt einen Beitrag zur Überwindung dieser Lücke zwischen Anspruch und Wirklichkeit dar. Es gibt im ersten Teil einen Überblick über aktuelle Ergebnisse im Bereich des Data Warehousing mit einem Fokus auf methodischen und betriebswirtschaftlichen Aspekten. Es finden sich u.a. Beiträge zur Wirtschaftlichkeitsanalyse, zur organisatorischen Einbettung des Data Warehousing, zum Datenqualitätsmanagement, zum integrierten Metadatenmanagement und zu datenschutzrechtlichen Aspekten sowie ein Beitrag zu möglichen zukünftigen Entwicklungsrichtungen des Data Warehousing. Im zweiten Teil berichten Projektleiter umfangreicher Data Warehousing-Projekte über Erfahrungen und Best Practices.

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Abstract

As the first book devoted to relational data mining, this coherently written multi-author monograph provides a thorough introduction and systematic overview of the area. The ferst part introduces the reader to the basics and principles of classical knowledge discovery in databases and inductive logic programmeng; subsequent chapters by leading experts assess the techniques in relational data mining in a principled and comprehensive way; finally, three chapters deal with advanced applications in various fields and refer the reader to resources for relational data mining. This book will become a valuable source of reference for R&D professionals active in relational data mining. Students as well as IT professionals and ambitioned practitioners interested in learning about relational data mining will appreciate the book as a useful text and gentle introduction to this exciting new field.

Theme

Data Mining

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Abstract

Das Buch "Vom Data Warehouse zum Corporate Knowledge Center" vermittelt einen tiefen Einblick in den State-of-the-art sowie die Zukunftsperspektiven im Bereich der integrierten Informationslogistik. Hierbei wird zum einen betrachtet, inwieweit sich bisherige Ansätze zum Data Warehousing mittelfristig technisch, organisatorisch und wirtschaftlich als geeignete Lösungen erwiesen haben. Die Kernthemen hierbei sind Architekturen, Vorgehensmodelle, BI, OLAP und DSS/EIS. Zum anderen werden neuere Ansätze vorgestellt, die die Integration des Data Warehouse in die GesamtInformationslogistik zum Ziel haben und so die Realisierung neuer Applikationstypen und Geschäftsmodelle ermöglichen. Hierbei werden insbesondere die Themenbereiche . CRM und Metadatenmanagement angesprochen.

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Abstract

The Handbook provides practitioners, scientists and graduate students with a good overview of basic notions, methods and techniques, as well as important issues and trends across the broad spectrum of data management. In particular, the book covers fundamental topics in the field such as distributed databases, parallel databases, advanced databases, object-oriented databases, advanced transaction management, workflow management, data warehousing, data mining, mobile computing, data integration and the Web. Summing up, the Handbook is a valuable source of information for academics and practitioners who are interested in learning the key ideas in the considered area.

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Abstract

Information is a key factor in business today, and data warehousing has become a major activity in the development and management of information systems to support the proper flow of information. Unfortunately, the majority of information systems are based an structured information stored in organizational databases, which means that the company is isolated from the business environment by concentrating an their internal data sources only. It is therefore vital that organizations take advantage of external business information, which can be retrieved from Internet services and mechanically organized within the existing information structures. Such a continuously extending integrated collection of documents and data could facilitate decision-making processes in the organization.

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Abstract

As the most comprehensive reference work dealing with knowledge management (KM), this work is essential for the library of every KM practitioner, researcher, and educator. Written by an international array of KM luminaries, its approx. 60 chapters approach knowledge management from a wide variety of perspectives ranging from classic foundations to cuttingedge thought, informative to provocative, theoretical to practical, historical to futuristic, human to technological, and operational to strategic. The chapters are conveniently organized into 8 major sections. The first volume consists of the sections: foundations of KM, knowledge - a key organizational resource, knowledge processors and processing, influences an knowledge processing. Novices and experts alike will refer to the authoritative and stimulating content again and again for years to come. The second volume consists of the sections: technologies for knowledge management, outcomes of KM, knowledge management in action, and the KM horizon. Novices and experts alike will refer to the authoritative and stimulating content again and again for years to come.

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Abstract

Web Intelligence is a new research area dealing with all aspects of intelligent data processing in the Web. As the ferst book devoted to Web Intelligence, this coherently written multi-author monograph provides a thorough introduction and systematic overview of this new area. It presents both the current state of research as well as application aspects. All major topics related to Web Intelligence which can have impact an future directions and developments are presented in detail. This book will be a valuable source of reference for years to all research and development professionals interested in Weh Intelligence. Students will also appreciate the numerous illustrations and examples.

Footnote

Rez. in: nfd - Information 54(2003) H.6, S.378-379 (T. Mandl): "Im Oktober 2001 fand erstmals eine Tagung mit dem Titel "Web Intelligence" statt. Ist dies nun eine neue Disziplin oder der Versuch analog zu "Artificial Intelligence" und "Computational Intelligence" ein neues Modewort zu kreieren? Geht es um den Einsatz sogenannter intelligenter Verfahren, um mit dem Internet umgehen zu können oder erscheint das Internet als "emerging global brain" (Goertzel 2002), also als eine unerschöpfliche Quelle von Wissen, die nur geschickt ausgebeutet werden muss? Kommt also die Intelligenz aus dem Web oder dient die Intelligenz als Werkzeug für das Web? Der Tagungsband ist seit Anfang 2003 verfügbar und bietet nun den Anlass, diesen Begriff anhand der darin präsentierten Inhalte zu bewerten. Die Herausgeber führen in ihrem einleitenden Artikel gleich die Abkürzung WI ein und versuchen tatsächlich "Web Intelligence" als neue Sub-Disziplin der Informatik zu etablieren. Zu diesem Zweck greifen sie auch auf die Anzahl der Nachweise für diese Phrase in Suchmaschinen zu. Zwar lieferten die Systeme angeblich Zahlen von über einer Million (S. 4), aber dies überzeugt sicher noch niemanden, das Studium der WI aufzunehmen. Allerdings weist dieses Vorgehen schon auf einen Kern der WI hin: man versucht, aus dem im Web gespeicherten Wissen neues Wissen zu generieren. Damit wäre man sehr nahe am Data oder eben Web-Mining, jedoch geht die Definition der Autoren darüber hinaus. Sie wollen WI verstanden wissen als die Anwendung von Künstlicher Intelligenz sowie Informationstechnologie im Internet (S. 2). Da nun Künstliche Intelligenz bei allen Meinungsverschiedenheiten sicherlich nicht ohne Informationstechnologie denkbar ist, wirkt die Definition nicht ganz überzeugend. Allerdings beschwichtigen die Autoren im gleichen Atemzug und versichern, diese Definition solle ohnehin keine Forschungsrichtung ausschließen. Somit bietet sich eher eine Umfangsdefinition an. Diese solle die wichtigsten Stoßrichtungen des Buchs und damit auch der Tagung umfassen. Als Ausgangspunkt dient dazu auch eine Liste der Herausgeber (S. 7f.), die hier aber etwas modifiziert wird: - Grundlagen von Web Informationssystemen (Protokolle, Technologien, Standards) - Web Information Retrieval, WebMining und Farming - Informationsmanagement unter WebBedingungen - Mensch-Maschine Interaktion unter Web-Bedingungen (hier "HumanMedia Engineering" S. XII) Eine grobe Einteilung wie diese ist zwar übersichtlich, führt aber zwangsläufig zu Ouerschnittsthemen. In diesem Fall zählt dazu das Semantic Web, an dem momentan sehr intensiv geforscht wird. Das Semantic Web will das Unbehagen mit der Anarchie im Netz und daraus folgenden Problemen für die Suchmaschinen überwinden, indem das gesamte Wissen im Web auch explizit als solches gekennzeichnet wird. Tauchen auf einer WebSeite zwei Namen auf und einer ist der des Autors und der andere der eines Sponsors, so erlauben neue Technologien, diese auch als solche zu bezeichnen. Noch wichtiger, wie in einer Datenbank sollen nun Abfragen möglich sein, welche andere Seiten aus dem Web liefen, die z.B. den gleichen Sponsor, aber einen anderen Autor haben. Dieser Thematik widmen sich etwa Hendler & Feigenbaum. Das Semantic Web stellt ein Ouerschnittsthema dar, da dafür neue Technologien (Mizoguchi) und ein neuartiges Informationsmanagement erforderlich sind (z.B. Stuckenschmidt & van Harmelen), die Suchverfahren angepasst werden und natürlich auch auf die Benutzer neue Herausforderungen zukommen. Diesem Aspekt, inwieweit Benutzer solche Anfragen überhaupt stellen werden, widmet sich in diesem Band übrigens niemand ernsthaft. Im Folgenden sollen die einzelnen Themengebiete anhand der im Band enthaltenen Inhalte näher bestimmt werden, bevor abschließend der Versuch eines Resümees erfolgt.
Einen weiteren wichtigen Aspekt stellt nach wie vor E-Learning dar, das u.a. neue Anforderungen an die Erstellung und Verwaltung von Lernmodulen (Forcheri et al.) und die Zusammenarbeit von Lehrern und Schülern stellt (Hazeyama et al., Liu et al.). - Mensch-Maschine Interaktion unter Web-Bedingungen Benutzermodellierung (Estivill-Castro & Yang, Lee, Sung & Cho) hat mit der Popularität des Internet eine neue Dimension gewonnen und ist besonders im kommerziellen Umfeld sehr interessant. Eine Wissensquelle hierfür und für andere Anwendungen sind Log-Files (Yang et al.). Breiten Raum nehmen die Visualisierungen ein, die häufig für spezielle Benutzergruppen gedacht sind, wie etwa Data Mining Spezialisten (Han & Cercone) und Soziologen, die sich mit Web-Communities befassen (Sumi & Mase). Agenten (Lee) und Assistenten (Molina) als neue Formen der Interaktion treten nicht zuletzt für E-Commerce Anwendungen in Erscheinung. In diesem Kontext der Mensch-Medien-Beziehung soll das Ouerschnittsthema WebCommunities genannt werden, in dem die sozialen Aspekte der Kooperation (Hazeyama et al.) ebenso wie das Entdecken von Gruppenstrukturen (Bun & Ishizuka) untersucht werden. Dagegen kommen kaum empirische Evaluierungen vor, die belegen könnten, wie intelligent denn die Systeme nun sind. Worin liegt nun der Kern der Web Intelligence? Der Aspekt Web Mining befasst sich mit der Extraktion von Wissen aus dem riesigen Reservoir Internet während der Aspekt Web-Informationssysteme den Einsatz so genannter intelligenter Technologien in Informationssystemen im Internet behandelt. Da jedoch das Spektrum der eingesetzten Informationssysteme praktisch beliebig ist und auch die Auswahl der intelligenten Technologien keinen spezifischen Fokus erkennen lässt, stellt Web Intelligence momentan eher einen bunten Strauß dar als ein klar abgegrenztes Feld. Das Web taugt inzwischen kaum mehr zur Abgrenzung von Technologien. Die Beiträge sind stärker von den Communities der Autoren geprägt als von der Web Intelligence Community, die vielleicht noch gar nicht existiert. Wenn doch, so befindet sie sich in einem frühen Stadium, in dem sich wenig Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen den Arbeiten erkennen lassen. Allerdings macht die mangelnde Kohärenz die einzelnen Beiträge keineswegs uninteressant. Dieser Meinung sind offensichtlich auch die 57 Mitglieder des Programmkomitees der Tagung, unter denen auch drei deutsche Wissenschaftler sind. Denn für 2003 ist eine weitere Tagung geplant (http://www.comp.hkbu. edu.hk/WIo3/)."

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Abstract

Purpose - Potential and benefits of classification schemes and thesauri in building organizational taxonomies cannot be fully utilized by organizations. Empirical data of building an organizational taxonomy by the top-down approach of using classification schemes and thesauri appear to be lacking. The paper seeks to make a contribution in this regard. Design/methodology/approach - A case study of building an organizational taxonomy was conducted in the information studies domain for the Division of Information Studies at Nanyang Technology University, Singapore. The taxonomy was built by using the Dewey Decimal Classification, the Information Science Taxonomy, two information systems taxonomies, and three thesauri (ASIS&T, LISA, and ERIC). Findings - Classification schemes and thesauri were found to be helpful in creating the structure and categories related to the subject facet of the taxonomy, but organizational community sources had to be consulted and several methods had to be employed. The organizational activities and stakeholders' needs had to be identified to determine the objectives, facets, and the subject coverage of the taxonomy. Main categories were determined by identifying the stakeholders' interests and consulting organizational community sources and domain taxonomies. Category terms were selected from terminologies of classification schemes, domain taxonomies, and thesauri against the stakeholders' interests. Hierarchical structures of the main categories were constructed in line with the stakeholders' perspectives and the navigational role taking advantage of structures/term relationships from classification schemes and thesauri. Categories were determined in line with the concepts and the hierarchical levels. Format of categories were uniformed according to a commonly used standard. The consistency principle was employed to make the taxonomy structure and categories neater. Validation of the draft taxonomy through consultations with the stakeholders further refined the taxonomy. Originality/value - No similar study could be traced in the literature. The steps and methods used in the taxonomy development, and the information studies taxonomy itself, will be helpful for library and information schools and other similar organizations in their effort to develop taxonomies for organizing content and aiding navigation on organizational sites.

Date

7.11.2008 15:22:04

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Source

Cataloging and classification quarterly. 37(2003) nos.1/2, S.205-219

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Date

19. 7.2002 22:05:14

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Abstract

Autonomy of operations combined with decentralized management of data gives rise to a number of hetegrogeneous databases or information systems within an enterprise. These systems are often incompatible in structure as well as content and, hence, difficult to integrate. Depsite heterogeneity, the unity of overall purpose within a common application domain, nevertheless, provides a degree of semantic similarity that manifests itself in the form of similar data structures and common usage patterns of existing information systems. This article introduces a conceptual integration approach that exploits the similarity in metalevel information in existing systems and performs 'metadata mining' on database objects to discover a set of concepts that serve as a domain abstraction and provide a conceptual layer is further uitlized by an information reengineering framework that customizes and packages information to reflect the unique needs of differnt user groups within the application domain. The architecture of the information reengineering framework is based on an object-oriented model that represents the discovered concepts as customized application objects for each distinct user group

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Classification

ST 270 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Datenbanken, Datenbanksysteme, Data base management, Informationssysteme

RVK

ST 270 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Datenbanken, Datenbanksysteme, Data base management, Informationssysteme

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Date

2. 2.2003 18:31:22

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Source

Online Mitteilungen. 2001, Nr.70, S.21-22 [=Mitteilungen VÖB 54(2001) H.2/3]

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Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore information literacy amongst small- and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) in the UK and the USA and argue that information policy in the UK has not given sufficient attention to helping these companies navigate the ever-increasing volumes of information accessible over the internet. Design/methodology/approach - A combination of primary and secondary data have been used. The primary data consists of a survey of UK SMEs, which explored how these companies use the internet as a research tool. The results of the survey are compared to similar surveys carried out in the USA. Several significant UK policy documents are examined to find out how government policy in this area has addressed the issue of information literacy amongst SMEs. Findings - It is shown that UK SMEs wasted over £3.7 billion in 2005 in terms of time wasted through inefficient use of the internet as a research tool. Practical implications - It is argued that while government policies in this area have put resources into encouraging SMEs to adopt broadband and engage in e-commerce, they have not sufficiently addressed the issue of information literacy. Originality/value - Little research has been carried out into how SMEs use the internet as a research tool and this is the first time that a financial cost figure has been applied to inefficient searching by these organisations.

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Abstract

Das Buch gibt einen zusammenfassenden Überblick über die modernen Möglichkeiten des Daten- und Wissensmanagements. Es stellt die wichtigsten Konzepte zur Organisation von Daten und Wissen in Unternehmen dar und skizziert die relevanten technischen Ansätze zur wissensorientierten Informationsverarbeitung. Dabei werden relationale Datenmodelle, Data-Warehouse-Konzepte und Dokumenten- und Content Management ebenso behandelt wie alle wichtigen Aspekte des Knowledge Mangements. Schließlich wird ein Überblick gegeben über die einschlägigen wissensorientierten Systeme, von Expertensystemen über FuzzyLogic-Systeme bis hin zu künstlichen neuronalen Netzen und genetischen Algorithmen. Der Leser bekommt so schnell einen qualifizierten Einblick sowohl in die methodischen und technischen Ansätze als auch in praxisrelevante Erscheinungsformen des Daten- und Wissensmanangements.