Search (248 results, page 1 of 13)

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Date

22. 4.2007 10:07:51

LCSH

Subject headings

Subject

Subject headings

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Abstract

Although the rules for descriptive cataloging have been recodified twice in the past twenty years, there never has been any kind of comprehensive theoretical code for subject headings, despite some suggestions for a code over the years. This essay explains the need for a code, provides historical background, and presents some broad proposals as to the philosophy, structure, and form of the code and what the code should cover. Included is the relation between the proposed code and the Library of Congress' 1984 Subject Cataloging Manual.

Date

7. 1.2007 13:22:01

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Abstract

Enthält Geschichte der Library of Congress Subject Headings und Sears' list

Object

Sears List of Subject Headings

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Abstract

Julia Pettee's contribution to classification theory came about as part of her work an subject headings. Pettee (1872-1967) was for many years librarian of the Union Theological Seminary in New York and was best known for the classification system she developed for the seminary and as the author of the book Subiect Headings. She was one of the first to call attention to the fact that there was a classification system in subject headings. It was, as she put it, "completely concealed when scattered through the alphabetical sequence" (p. 98). On the other hand, she recognized that an index entry was a pointing device and existed to show users specific terms. Index terms, unlike subject headings, could be manipulated, inverted, repeated, and stated in as many words as might be desired. The subject heading, she reiterated, had in it "some idea of classification," but was designed to pull together like material and, unlike the index term, would have limited capability for supplying access by way of synonyms, catchwords, or other associative forms. It is interesting that she also thought of the subject heading in context as forming a three-dimensional system. Logically this is the case whenever one attempts to reach beyond the conventional hierarchy as described an a plane surface, and, in fact, thought out as if the classification were an a plane surface. Pettee described this dimension variously as names "reaching up and over the surface ... hands clasp[ing] in the air" from an individual term (pp. 99-100). Or, in other context, as the mapping of "the many third-dimensional criss-crossing relationships of subject headings." (p. 103) Investigations following Pettee's insight have shown the nature and the degree of the classification latent in subject headings and also in the cross-references of all indexing systems using cross-references of the associative type ("see also" or equivalent terminology). More importantly, study of this type of connection has revealed jumps in logic and meaning caused by homographs or homonyms and resulting in false connections in classification. Standardized rules for making thesauri have prevented some of the more glaring non sequiturs, but much more still needs to be done. The whole area of "related terms", for example, needs to be brought under control, especially in terms of classification mapping.

Footnote

Original in: Pettee, J.: The history and theory of the alphabetical subject approach to books. New York: Wilson 1946. S.22-25.

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Abstract

The development of the general theory of subject indexing language and of POPSI for organisation, storage and retrieval of subjects embodies in documents has a striking parallel in the search for and development of 'universal forms' and 'deep structure' in language and linguistic studies. This paper briefly traces the development of POPSI language as a metalanguage for information organisation and for generating information retrieval thesaurus. Also a computer-based system for generating an information retrieval thesaurus from modulated subject headings formulated according to POPSI which are enriched with certain codes for relating the terms in the subject headings is described. It is also mentioned that, if it is possible to form a table of equivalent terms in another language for the terms already used to generate the thesaurus, then it is possible to translate the thesaurus automatically into the other language

Source

International forum on information and documentation. 8(1983), S.22-29

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Date

22. 5.2007 12:07:51

LCSH

Subject headings, German

Subject

Subject headings, German

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Object

Sears List of Subject Headings

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LCSH

Subject headings / Information technology
Subject headings / Electronic data processing

Subject

Subject headings / Information technology
Subject headings / Electronic data processing

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Abstract

Scope notes from Library of Congress Subject Headings are examined for 1) adherence to principles enunciated in the introduction to the list; 2) peculiarities of subject headings associated with such notes; 3) the structure of the notes; and 4) typical patterns associated with certain categories of subject headings. Scope notes are shown to enable catalogers to apply subject headings consistently and readers to distinguish related headings knowledgeably.

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Source

Inspel. 22(1988), S.121-145

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Abstract

Seven clusters of headings on three levels of generalization, listed in Library of Congress Subject Headings, 9th edition, representing types of concepts pertaining to the study of society, society itself, and its various types of social units, are analyzed for their hierarchical relationships. Eighty-three headings in the clusters Sociology and Family are found to be overrelated, while 112 headings are underrelated in Social structure. Community, Social institutions. Age groups and social classes. Suggestions are offered for restructuring some hierarchical relationships, and the need for the development of a comprehensive code for establishing headings is emphasized.

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Footnote

Antwort auf: Henige, D.: Library of Congress Subject Headings: is euthanasia the answer?

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LCSH

Subject headings

Subject

Subject headings

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