Search (50 results, page 1 of 3)

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Abstract

There is no generally agreed definition of what constitutes information or information science, but Kuhn's notion of paradigms provides a useful perspective for analysing current theories. If information science is considerd as an 'immature science', i.e. one yet to develop its own paradigm, this links it to the debate about science and technology: many of the activities associated with information science, e.g. organising information for users by creating databases, belong to the domain of technology. On this basis, computer related activities concerned with information can be dissociated from the domain of computer science, thus establishing an independent status for information science

Date

29. 1.1996 18:23:13

Footnote

Übers. d. Titels: Information science in the paradigmatic view of Thomas Kuhn: elements for reflection

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Abstract

Discusses the foundations for constructing a framework for knowledge representation and organization with particular reference to archives. Considers reciprocal cooperation and improvement of the documentary techniques used in different information centres. Describes archival practice, methods and principles; information processing and retrieval; the documentary chain model; documentary languages; classification schemes; and indexing languages

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Abstract

Early research at the end of the 1950s on computerized indexing used statistical methods based on e.g. frequency, probability, clustering, and relevance. In the 1960s interest began to focus on linguistic analysis and natural language processing e.g. morphological, morphosyntactical, syntactical and semantic analysis. Since the 1980s computerized indexing research has widened to include images, graphics and sound. Examples are given of notable systems developed within each line of approach

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Abstract

Information science is best defined as a discipline in terms of the problems it addresses. Its origins date back to the scientific and technical revolution after the 2nd World War, and its development has been essentially characterised by interdisciplinarity. Librarianship, computer science, cognitive science and communication studies all share interests with infomation science, but with increasing emphasis on the information society and the information industry dictated by technological imparatives, information science is now at a critical point in its evolution. The problem it sets out to solve are not decreasing but changing, with the pressure to improve access to an ever increasing store of knowledge. The social need for information science is evident, whatever the name given to the knowledge and skills which it encompasses

Content

Translation of a presentation given at the International Conference on Conceptions of Library and Information Science held at the University of Tampere in Aug 1991

Date

29. 1.1996 18:23:13

Footnote

Übers. d. Titels: Information science: origin, evolution and relations

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Abstract

Establishes a connection between knowledge processes in the lower level of living organisms - bacteria - and the modern sophisticated society of scientists from the perspective of the 'artificial life' paradigm. Explores bacterial colonies from an information perspective. Views the society of science as a living biological society, where sciences interact not only hierarchically but in horizontal cooperation processes. Discusses the education system, scientific politics and the geography of science

Source

Scire. 1(1995) no.1, S.29-55

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Abstract

The development of new technologies in the last few decades has directly influenced the organization of technical services and the way they carry out so called 'technical tasks'. One of the most recent examples is the use of the Internet for technical work. Offers a selective presentation of resources available on the Internet for the personnel of technical services generally, and especially for acquisitions and cataloguing. Presents a summary review of how Internet resources are being used to the advantage of technical services in Catalan academic libraries. The 2nd part of the article will look at Internet resources intended for the processing of specific materials such as serials, electronic resources, special collections, etc.

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Abstract

Throughout history, science has been considered as the engine of modernity, signalling the supremacy of rational thought. The post-modern world, in contrast, is characterised by globalisation engendered by the development of communication technology. In this context, information is a social product and information science has broken from the traditional model of science, abandoning its initial attempt to establish laws and focusing instead on users. This has resulted in interdisciplinary links with related fields such as psychology, communications theory etc. In Brazil development is unequal, with some regions at a post-modern stage and other still feudal or pre-modern. The role of information here is to level these disparities and create a more just society

Date

29. 1.1996 18:23:13

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Abstract

Article based on student discussions during the course on 'Theoretical foundations of information' at the Federal University of Minas Gerais Librarianship School (Brazil). Kuhn's theory of the structure of scientific revolutions provides a useful perspective for analysing the debate about the scientific status of the social sciences in general and information science in particular. There is no general consensus on the characteristics of information science, either as to its origin, legitimate objects of study or research methodology. Rather the debate focuses on wether information science is a development of librarianship, or an independent multidisciplinary activity. What can be stated is that information science has developed on the basis of increasing specialisation of the disciplines it involves - sociology, economics, anthropology, etc. - and its status is possibly more than that of a 'department' like medicine, which groups biology, genetics, etc.

Date

29. 1.1996 18:23:13

Footnote

Übers. d. Titels: Information science as a scientific discipline

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Abstract

The concept of information provokes discussion in many scientific realms, e.g. in physics, the relationship between information and entropy. Information has been associated by communication engineers with the freedom of choosing symbols to construct a message. To confuse matters further, Shannon used entropy as a metaphor in his analysis of statistical behaviour of symbols, but Stonier points out the possibility of a different relationship between information and entropy. The definition of information should ba analogous to the physical definition of energy, the capability of performing work, whereas the the capability of organizing systems corresponds to information. Moreover, it is necessary to distinguish the reality of information on its own from the meaning of information inside each context. One of the most striking contexts are biological systems which rely on sophisticated information processing mechanisms as yet not fully understood

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Date

30. 3.2002 19:45:22

Source

Revista Española de Documentaçion Cientifica. 22(1999) no.2, S.198-219

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Abstract

This article examines some of the ways in which the Biblioteca Daniel Cosio Villegas of El Colegio de Mexico is responding to meet goals stated in the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico's 1997-2000 Development Plan. The Plan aims to prepare students for life-long learning by teaching them reasoning and questioning skills as well a competencies in selecting, organizing and processing information from diverse systems and sources. It notes the need to discover the skill library professionals must have in order to assist patrons effectively to become self-sufficient users of information. The environment examined is one where most college and university students are products of a very traditional primary and secondary educational system that emphasizes learning through the use of class lectures and assigned textbooks rather than research and self-discovery. The author points out the need for library professionals in Mexico's institutions of higher education to teach students how to learn to access and process information themselves in order to transform this information into knowledge they can use. Some of the administrative changes made at the Biblioteca Daniel Cosio Villegas to accomplish this are described. These include: more participation by library professionals in planning; favoring matrical organization between departments and projects and making decisions in a more collegial fashion; subject specialization by library professionals who select, catalog, classify and give service in a specific area; and incorporation of the user into the evaluation of existing processes and services and the creation of new ones which favor a more efficacious development of their information skills. The author concludes by proposing three basic principles to guide the re-engineering process that must be undertaken by academic libraries if they are to survive and seek to shape the future of information technology rather than just responding to the challenges it presents. These principles are: the value which accrues to information by transforming it into knowledge can be analyzed systematically; the value which accrues to technology is incremented by the degree to which it is accepted by library professionals and users; and this acceptance is a function of other variables which can be understood and controlled, especially the frequency of use resulting in the development of information skills. The improvement of information skills of library professionals and users therefore constitutes the principles objective of technological integration

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Source

Revista interamericana de bibliotecologia. 22(1999) no.1, S.21-35

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Content

Paper presented at the International Conference of Information INFO '95, Havana, Cuba, 25-29 Sep 1995

Date

29. 1.1996 16:01:59

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Abstract

Discussion of the interdisciplinary nature of information science as a field of research, based on essential concepts such as science, information and information science itself. Presents comprehensive themes of research on information science and the difficulties faced by the researcher in this field in the search to attain the existing scientific parameters and the expected prerequisites of any researcher

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: The interdisciplinary nature of information science as a field of research

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Source

Boletin de la Asociacion Andaluza de Bibliotecarios. 14(1999) no.57, S.11-22

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Source

Revista Española de Documentaçion Cientifica. 22(1999) no.1, S.34-49

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Abstract

Documentation science has scientific status in that there is an identifiable scientific community and it uses research for problem-solving. It is characterised by both unity in diversity (i.e. documentation science integrates previous sciences such as library science, archive studies) and diversity in unity (i.e. it involves a whole range of non-documentation based disciplines). Documentation science seeks to generate new knowledge about documentary information, for the purpose of satisfying determined information needs. On this basis it can be understood as a conjunction of disciplines and sciences concerned with the study of that part of the documentation process focusing on information retrieval and dissemination

Content

Presentation given at a round table on paradigmatic focuses of library science, during the 14th colloque on library science at the National Autonomous University of Mexico

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: The concept of information science: unity in diversity or diversity in unity

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Abstract

Information science is currently dominated by 2 paradigms: one emphasises information retrieval as a technological process, based on natural sciences; the other derives from the social sciences, focusing on the information process as a communication act. The first is based on the structure of atoms, the second as people as collective actors. In Brazil the social science approach predominates, chiefly through the influence of 3 currents of thought: American liberalism; German social democracy and French post-structuralism. The ideas of the chief exponents of these theories have been developed by Brazilian researchers, introducing elements from political economy, quantum physics, linguistics, social science and epistemology. This interdisciplinarity is the key to unity in information science

Content

Presentation given at a round table on paradigmatic focuses of library science, during the 14th colloque on library science at the National Autonomous University of Mexico

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: Paradigmatic focuses of library science: unit of diversity or diversity in unity

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Abstract

Discussion of the ontological status of library science, drawing on theoretical perspectives derived from Aristotle, Husserl, Heidegger and Marx. The objects and laws of library science as part of the social sciences are widely disputed. Library science is concerned with elements in the real world - documents, libraries, users - and has its roots in the human need for self-knowldge through documents as the objectivisation of the human spirit. Essentially a practical discipline, library science also has a theoretical basis reflecting objective relations between objective elements: its future development will be determined by its continuing adaptation so as to satisfy human needs

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: A philosophical analysis of library science

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Content

Report of a concluding session at the 14th colloquy on library science at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, to discuss issues raised by the formal sessions on theoretical and philosophical problems. Three main themes emerged: (1) library science does have specific status although its specific limits, concepts and terminology are not agreed; (2) the ethical aspects, especially the question of the moral responsibilities of the leaders of the library science community, give rise to concern especially in relation to teaching curricula; and (3) the relation between information technology and society, which should ensure priority goes to the social aspects of library science in aiding human development

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: Open debate on the epistemology of library science