-
Wersig, G.: Information science : the study of postmodern knowledge usage (1993)
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- Source
- Information processing and management. 29(1993) no.2, S.229-240
-
Cremmins, E.T.: Value-added processing of representational and speculative information using cognitive skills (1992)
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- Source
- Journal of information science. 18(1992) no.1, S.27-37
-
Repo, A.J.: ¬The dual approach to the value of information : an appraisal of use and exchange values (1989)
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- Source
- Information processing and management. 22(1986) no.5, S.373-383
-
Anderson, O.R.: Some interrelationships between constructivist models of learning and current neurobiological theory, with implications for science ieducation (1992)
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- Abstract
- Recent advances in the neurosciences have begun to elucidate how some fundamental mechanisms of nervous systems activity can explain human information processing and the acquisition of knowledge. Some of these findings are consistent with a cognitive view of constructivist models of learning and provide additional theoretical support for constructivist applications to science education reform. Current thought at the interface between neurocognitive research and constructivist philosophy is summarized here and discussed in a context of implications for scientific epistemology and conceptual change processes in science education
- Source
- Journal of research in science teaching. 29(1992) no.10, S.1037-1058
-
Pfeifer, R.: Symbols, patterns, and behavior : beyond the information-processing metaphor (1998)
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- Source
- Encyclopedia of library and information science. Vol.61, [=Suppl.24]
-
Allen, B.L.: Visualization and cognitve abilities (1998)
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- Abstract
- The idea of obtaining subject access to information by being able to visualize an information space, and to navigate through that space toward useful or interesting information, is attractive and plausible. However, this approach to subject access requires additional cognitive processing associated with the interaction of cognitive facilities that deal with concepts and those that deal with space. This additional cognitive processing may cause problems for users, particularly in dealing with the dimensions, the details, and the symbols of information space. Further, it seems likely that different cognitive abilities are associated with conceptual and spatial cognition. As a result, users who deal well with subject access using traditional conceptual approaches may experience difficulty in using visualization and navigation. An experiment designed to investigate the effects of different cognitive abilities on the use of both conceptual and spatial representations of information is outlined
- Date
- 22. 9.1997 19:16:05
- Imprint
- Urbana-Champaign, IL : Illinois University at Urbana-Champaign, Graduate School of Library and Information Science
- Source
- Visualizing subject access for 21st century information resources: Papers presented at the 1997 Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing, 2-4 Mar 1997, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Ed.: P.A. Cochrane et al
-
Knowledge and communication : essays on the information chain (1991)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Journal of documentation 47(1991) S.309-311 (J. Warner); Information processing and management 29(1993) no.4, S.524-525 (S. Edwards)
-
Leydesdorff, L.; Ivanova, I.A.: Mutual redundancies in interhuman communication systems : steps toward a calculus of processing meaning (2014)
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- Abstract
- The study of interhuman communication requires a more complex framework than Claude E. Shannon's (1948) mathematical theory of communication because "information" is defined in the latter case as meaningless uncertainty. Assuming that meaning cannot be communicated, we extend Shannon's theory by defining mutual redundancy as a positional counterpart of the relational communication of information. Mutual redundancy indicates the surplus of meanings that can be provided to the exchanges in reflexive communications. The information is redundant because it is based on "pure sets" (i.e., without subtraction of mutual information in the overlaps). We show that in the three-dimensional case (e.g., of a triple helix of university-industry-government relations), mutual redundancy is equal to mutual information (Rxyz = Txyz); but when the dimensionality is even, the sign is different. We generalize to the measurement in N dimensions and proceed to the interpretation. Using Niklas Luhmann's (1984-1995) social systems theory and/or Anthony Giddens's (1979, 1984) structuration theory, mutual redundancy can be provided with an interpretation in the sociological case: Different meaning-processing structures code and decode with other algorithms. A surplus of ("absent") options can then be generated that add to the redundancy. Luhmann's "functional (sub)systems" of expectations or Giddens's "rule-resource sets" are positioned mutually, but coupled operationally in events or "instantiated" in actions. Shannon-type information is generated by the mediation, but the "structures" are (re-)positioned toward one another as sets of (potentially counterfactual) expectations. The structural differences among the coding and decoding algorithms provide a source of additional options in reflexive and anticipatory communications.
- Date
- 29. 1.2014 16:44:54
- Source
- Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 65(2014) no.2, S.386-399
-
Park, H.: Inferential representation of science documents (1996)
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- Abstract
- The inferential communication model, which implies that the meaning of a document is inferred in the context of the user's situation to result in different meanings for users in different situations, is used to study an inferential science document representation method. Several topical components and non topical components of the science document were found as the inferred meanings of the document. These show the science document aspects which are used for relevance judgements. Science documents need to be represented in terms of these aspects for effective system's, intermediary's, and user's judgements of the meaning and the relevance of the document
- Source
- Information processing and management. 32(1996) no.4, S.419-429
-
Savolainen, R.: ¬The sense-making theory : reviewing the interests of a user-centered approach to information seeking and use (1993)
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- Source
- Information processing and management. 29(1993) no.1, S.13-28
-
Rouse, W.B.; Rouse, S.H.: Human information seeking and design of information systems (1984)
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- Abstract
- The literature of psychology, library science, management, computer science, and systems engineering is reviewed and integrated into an overall perspective of human information seeking and the design of information systems. The nature of information seeking is considered in terms of its role in decision making and problem solving, the dynamics of the process, and the value of information. Discussions of human information seeking focus on basic psychological studies, effects of cognitive style, and models of human behavior. Design issues considered include attributes of information systems, analysis of information needs, aids for information seeking, and evaluation of information systems
- Source
- Information processing and management. 20(1984) no.3, S.129-138
-
Dillon, A.: Spatial-semantics : how users derive shape from information space (2000)
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- Abstract
- User problems with large information spaces multiply in complexity when we enter the digital domain. Virtual information environments can offer 3D representations, reconfigurations, and access to large databases that may overwhelm many users' abilities to filter and represent. As a result, user frequently experience disorienting in navigation large digital spaces to locate an duse information. To date, the research response has been predominantly based on the analysis of visual navigational aids that might support users' bottom-up processing of the spatial display. In the present paper, an emerging alternative is considered that places greater emphasis on the top-down application of semantic knowledge by the user gleaned from their experiences within the sociocognitive context of information production and consumption. A distinction between spatial and semantic cues is introduced, and existing empirical data are reviewed that highlight the differential reliance on spatial or semantic information as the domain expertise of the user increases. The conclusion is reached that interfaces for shaping information should be built on an increasing analysis of users' semantic processing
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 51(2000) no.6, S.521-528
-
Yuexiao, Z.: Definitions and sciences of information (1988)
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- Abstract
- This article clarifies the idea of information by dividing the whole range of its definitions into different parts and by identifying several points of misunderstanding. it explores the sciences relating to the concept to information by classifying sciences in terms of their relevance to different ranges of information definitions and by distinguishing the relationship among them. The nomenclatures of informatics, informatology, information science, and information sciences are discussed in particular. The multidimensional properties of the concept "information" and the multidimensional relationships of the relevant sciences are illustrated with diagrams
- Source
- Information processing and management. 24(1988), S.479-491
-
Scaife, M.; Rogers, Y.: External cognition : how do graphical representations work? (1996)
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- Abstract
- Critiques the disparate literature on graphical representation, focusing on 4 representative studies. Proposes a new agenda for graphical representation research, which builds on the nascent theoretical approach within cognitive science that analyzes the role played by external representations in relation to internal mental ones. Outlines some of the central properties of this relationship that are necessary for the processing of graphical representations. Considers how this analysis can inform the selection and design of both traditional and advanced forms of graphical technology
-
McGarry, K.: ¬The changing context of information : an introductory analysis (1993)
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- Abstract
- The 2nd ed. of this introductory work gives an account of the new methods of thinking about information. The author examines the importance of the social and cultural context in analysing the meaning and relevance of information for the indivudual and society. He explores the interaction between communications technology, human information processing, the representation of information and the attendant problems of storage and transmission. The social implications of knowledge engineering are also discussed, together with the ethics of information and its relevance to the information professional of the next century
- COMPASS
- Information science
- LCSH
- Information science / Social aspects
- Subject
- Information science / Social aspects
Information science
-
Zimmer, H.D.: Modalitätsspezifische Systeme der Repräsentation und Verarbeitung von Information (1993)
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- Abstract
- It is discussed what is underlying the assumption of modality-specific processing systems and representations. Starting from the information processing approach relevant aspects of mental representations and their physiological realizations are discussed. Then 3 different forms of modality-specific systems are distinguished: as stimulus specific processing, as specific informational formats, and as modular part systems. Parallel to that 3 kinds of analogue systems are differentiated: as holding an analogue-relation, as having a specific informational format and as a set of specific processing constraints. These different aspects of the assumption of modality-specific systems are demonstrated in the example of visual and spatial information processing. It is concluded that postulating information-specific systems is not a superfluous assumption, but it is necessary, and even more likely it is inevitable consequence of an optimization of stimulus processing
-
Brier, S.: Cybersemiotics and the problems of the information-processing paradigm as a candidate for a unified science of information behind library information science (2004)
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- Abstract
- As an answer to the humanistic, socially oriented critique of the information-processing paradigms used as a conceptual frame for library information science, this article formulates a broader and less objective concept of communication than that of the information-processing paradigm. Knowledge can be seen as the mental phenomenon that documents (combining signs into text, depending on the state of knowledge of the recipient) can cause through interpretation. The examination of these "correct circumstances" is an important part of information science. This article represents the following developments in the concept of information: Information is understood as potential until somebody interprets it. The objective carriers of potential knowledge are signs. Signs need interpretation to release knowledge in the form of interpretants. Interpretation is based on the total semantic network, horizons, worldviews, and experience of the person, including the emotional and social aspects. The realm of meaning is rooted in social-historical as well as embodied evolutionary processes that go beyond computational algorithmically logic. The semantic network derives a decisive aspect of signification from a person's embodied cultural worldview, which, in turn, derives from, develops, and has its roots in undefined tacit knowledge. To theoretically encompass both the computational and the semantic aspects of document classification and retrieval, we need to combine the cybernetic functionalistic approach with the semiotic pragmatic understanding of meaning as social and embodied. For such a marriage, it is necessary to go into the constructivistic second-order cybernetics and autopoiesis theory of von Foerster, Maturana, and Luhmann, on the one hand, and the pragmatic triadic semiotics of Peirce in the form of the embodied Biosemiotics, on the other hand. This combination is what I call Cybersemiotics.
-
Quillian, M.R.: Semantic memory (1968)
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- Source
- Semantic information processing. Ed.: M. Minsky
-
Derr, R.L.: ¬The concept of information in ordinary discourse (1985)
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- Source
- Information processing and management. 21(1985) no.6, S.489-500
-
¬The impact of information (1995)
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- Source
- Information processing and management. 31(1995) no.4, S.455-498
