-
Fuhr, N.: Towards data abstraction in networked information retrieval systems (1999)
0.03
0.027518734 = product of:
0.11007494 = sum of:
0.11007494 = weight(_text_:processing in 4517) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.11007494 = score(doc=4517,freq=2.0), product of:
0.175792 = queryWeight, product of:
4.048147 = idf(docFreq=2097, maxDocs=44218)
0.043425296 = queryNorm
0.6261658 = fieldWeight in 4517, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.048147 = idf(docFreq=2097, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4517)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Source
- Information processing and management. 35(1999) no.2, S.101-119
-
Arch-Int, N.; Sophatsathit, P.: ¬A semantic information gathering approach for heterogeneous information sources on WWW (2003)
0.02
0.018531945 = product of:
0.07412778 = sum of:
0.07412778 = product of:
0.11119167 = sum of:
0.03994845 = weight(_text_:science in 4694) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.03994845 = score(doc=4694,freq=2.0), product of:
0.11438741 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.043425296 = queryNorm
0.34923816 = fieldWeight in 4694, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4694)
0.07124322 = weight(_text_:29 in 4694) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.07124322 = score(doc=4694,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15275662 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.043425296 = queryNorm
0.46638384 = fieldWeight in 4694, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4694)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Source
- Journal of information science. 29(2003) no.5, S.357-374
-
Dempsey, L.; Russell, R.; Kirriemur, J.W.: Towards distributed library systems : Z39.50 in a European context (1996)
0.02
0.01576062 = product of:
0.06304248 = sum of:
0.06304248 = product of:
0.09456371 = sum of:
0.047495477 = weight(_text_:29 in 127) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.047495477 = score(doc=127,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15275662 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.043425296 = queryNorm
0.31092256 = fieldWeight in 127, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=127)
0.047068227 = weight(_text_:22 in 127) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.047068227 = score(doc=127,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15206799 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.043425296 = queryNorm
0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 127, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=127)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Date
- 3. 3.1999 17:29:59
- Source
- Program. 30(1996) no.1, S.1-22
-
Cousins, S.; Sanders, A.: Incorporating a virtual union catalogue into the wider information environment through the application of middleware: Interoperability issues in cross-database access (2006)
0.01
0.00982812 = product of:
0.03931248 = sum of:
0.03931248 = weight(_text_:processing in 5591) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.03931248 = score(doc=5591,freq=2.0), product of:
0.175792 = queryWeight, product of:
4.048147 = idf(docFreq=2097, maxDocs=44218)
0.043425296 = queryNorm
0.22363065 = fieldWeight in 5591, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.048147 = idf(docFreq=2097, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=5591)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Abstract
- Purpose - To explore the use of middleware to provide access to a virtual catalogue via Z39.50, allowing its integration with other services. To consider issues arising from the cross-database search process and the problem of interoperability between systems. Design/methodology/approach - Middleware was used to establish a Z39.50 server for an existing virtual union catalogue, InforM25. The Copac physical union catalogue was used to carry out cross-database search tests, investigating the value of query transformation by the middleware and illustrating many of the issues associated with interoperability in cross-database searching. Findings - The test results demonstrate the viability and benefits of using middleware to allow the integration of virtual catalogues with other services. The results also illustrate the range of issues affecting the performance of the virtual catalogue, with supporting evidence from the use of the Copac physical union catalogue for cross-database searching via Z39.50. In particular the discussion highlights the issue of semantic interoperability, as well as emphasising the value of centralised virtual catalogue support. Research limitations/implications - The research was limited to work on a specific virtual union catalogue, that is InforM25, but the results highlight issues with general relevance in the development of any virtual catalogue. The need for more work on response times in the virtual union catalogue is apparent, along with the related issue of result set post processing. Originality/value - This paper provides a practical demonstration of the issues important to those involved in making their local catalogue accessible to services, and individuals, outside their own institution, as well as those working on virtual union catalogue development.
-
Crestani, F.; Wu, S.: Testing the cluster hypothesis in distributed information retrieval (2006)
0.01
0.00982812 = product of:
0.03931248 = sum of:
0.03931248 = weight(_text_:processing in 984) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.03931248 = score(doc=984,freq=2.0), product of:
0.175792 = queryWeight, product of:
4.048147 = idf(docFreq=2097, maxDocs=44218)
0.043425296 = queryNorm
0.22363065 = fieldWeight in 984, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.048147 = idf(docFreq=2097, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=984)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Source
- Information processing and management. 42(2006) no.5, S.1137-1150
-
Avrahami, T.T.; Yau, L.; Si, L.; Callan, J.P.: ¬The FedLemur project : Federated search in the real world (2006)
0.01
0.009212566 = product of:
0.036850262 = sum of:
0.036850262 = product of:
0.05527539 = sum of:
0.019974224 = weight(_text_:science in 5271) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.019974224 = score(doc=5271,freq=2.0), product of:
0.11438741 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.043425296 = queryNorm
0.17461908 = fieldWeight in 5271, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5271)
0.035301168 = weight(_text_:22 in 5271) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.035301168 = score(doc=5271,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15206799 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.043425296 = queryNorm
0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 5271, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=5271)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Date
- 22. 7.2006 16:02:07
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 57(2006) no.3, S.347-358
-
Johnson, E.H.: Objects for distributed heterogeneous information retrieval (2000)
0.01
0.007677138 = product of:
0.030708551 = sum of:
0.030708551 = product of:
0.046062827 = sum of:
0.016645188 = weight(_text_:science in 6959) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.016645188 = score(doc=6959,freq=2.0), product of:
0.11438741 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.043425296 = queryNorm
0.1455159 = fieldWeight in 6959, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=6959)
0.029417641 = weight(_text_:22 in 6959) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.029417641 = score(doc=6959,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15206799 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.043425296 = queryNorm
0.19345059 = fieldWeight in 6959, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=6959)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Date
- 22. 9.1997 19:16:05
- Imprint
- Urbana-Champaign, IL : Illinois University at Urbana-Champaign, Graduate School of Library and Information Science
-
Kuberek, M.: KOBV: institutionalisiert (2001)
0.01
0.006926424 = product of:
0.027705695 = sum of:
0.027705695 = product of:
0.08311708 = sum of:
0.08311708 = weight(_text_:29 in 6511) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.08311708 = score(doc=6511,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15275662 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.043425296 = queryNorm
0.5441145 = fieldWeight in 6511, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=6511)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Date
- 29. 9.2001 11:33:57
-
Groenbaek, K.; Trigg, R.H.: From Web to workplace : designing open hypermedia systems (1999)
0.01
0.005936935 = product of:
0.02374774 = sum of:
0.02374774 = product of:
0.07124322 = sum of:
0.07124322 = weight(_text_:29 in 6096) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.07124322 = score(doc=6096,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15275662 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.043425296 = queryNorm
0.46638384 = fieldWeight in 6096, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6096)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Date
- 21. 4.2001 12:58:29
-
Milanesi, C.: Möglichkeiten der Kooperation im Rahmen von Subject Gateways : das Euler-Projekt im Vergleich mit weiteren europäischen Projekten (2001)
0.01
0.005883528 = product of:
0.023534112 = sum of:
0.023534112 = product of:
0.070602335 = sum of:
0.070602335 = weight(_text_:22 in 4865) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.070602335 = score(doc=4865,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15206799 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.043425296 = queryNorm
0.46428138 = fieldWeight in 4865, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4865)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Date
- 22. 6.2002 19:41:59
-
Holm, L.A.: ONE project : results and experiences (1999)
0.00
0.0049474463 = product of:
0.019789785 = sum of:
0.019789785 = product of:
0.05936935 = sum of:
0.05936935 = weight(_text_:29 in 6460) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.05936935 = score(doc=6460,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15275662 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.043425296 = queryNorm
0.38865322 = fieldWeight in 6460, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=6460)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Source
- International cataloguing and bibliographic control. 28(1999) no.1, S.29-33
-
Smith, N.A.: ONE, OPAC network in Europe : taking a further step towards a Europe-wide information network (1995)
0.00
0.0039579566 = product of:
0.015831826 = sum of:
0.015831826 = product of:
0.047495477 = sum of:
0.047495477 = weight(_text_:29 in 8452) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.047495477 = score(doc=8452,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15275662 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.043425296 = queryNorm
0.31092256 = fieldWeight in 8452, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=8452)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Source
- Program. 29(1995) no.4, S.427-432
-
Ostergren, M.; Wright, G.: Creating a bibliographic database for a widely distributed collection (1998)
0.00
0.0039579566 = product of:
0.015831826 = sum of:
0.015831826 = product of:
0.047495477 = sum of:
0.047495477 = weight(_text_:29 in 1503) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.047495477 = score(doc=1503,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15275662 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.043425296 = queryNorm
0.31092256 = fieldWeight in 1503, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1503)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Date
- 23. 7.1998 19:29:54
-
Schneider, W.: ¬Ein verteiltes Bibliotheks-Informationssystem auf Basis des Z39.50 Protokolls (1999)
0.00
0.0039579566 = product of:
0.015831826 = sum of:
0.015831826 = product of:
0.047495477 = sum of:
0.047495477 = weight(_text_:29 in 4773) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.047495477 = score(doc=4773,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15275662 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.043425296 = queryNorm
0.31092256 = fieldWeight in 4773, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4773)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Date
- 17. 5.2000 20:29:41
-
Mönnich, M.; Dierolf, U.: 20 Jahre Karlsruher virtueller Katalog (KVK) (2016)
0.00
0.0039579566 = product of:
0.015831826 = sum of:
0.015831826 = product of:
0.047495477 = sum of:
0.047495477 = weight(_text_:29 in 3190) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.047495477 = score(doc=3190,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15275662 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.043425296 = queryNorm
0.31092256 = fieldWeight in 3190, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5176873 = idf(docFreq=3565, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3190)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Date
- 24.10.2016 19:29:10
-
Dupuis, P.; Lapointe, J.: Developpement d'un outil documentaire à Hydro-Quebec : le Thesaurus HQ (1997)
0.00
0.0039223526 = product of:
0.01568941 = sum of:
0.01568941 = product of:
0.047068227 = sum of:
0.047068227 = weight(_text_:22 in 3173) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.047068227 = score(doc=3173,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15206799 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.043425296 = queryNorm
0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 3173, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3173)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Source
- Argus. 26(1997) no.3, S.16-22
-
Ashton, J.: ONE: the final OPAC frontier (1998)
0.00
0.0039223526 = product of:
0.01568941 = sum of:
0.01568941 = product of:
0.047068227 = sum of:
0.047068227 = weight(_text_:22 in 2588) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.047068227 = score(doc=2588,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15206799 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.043425296 = queryNorm
0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 2588, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2588)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Source
- Select newsletter. 1998, no.22, Spring, S.5-6
-
Lunau, C.D.: Z39.50: a critical component of the Canadian resource sharing infrastructure : implementation activities and results achieved (1997)
0.00
0.0039223526 = product of:
0.01568941 = sum of:
0.01568941 = product of:
0.047068227 = sum of:
0.047068227 = weight(_text_:22 in 3193) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.047068227 = score(doc=3193,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15206799 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.043425296 = queryNorm
0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 3193, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3193)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Date
- 3. 3.1999 17:22:57
-
Burrows, T.: ¬The virtual catalogue : bibliographic access for the virtual library (1993)
0.00
0.0039223526 = product of:
0.01568941 = sum of:
0.01568941 = product of:
0.047068227 = sum of:
0.047068227 = weight(_text_:22 in 5286) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.047068227 = score(doc=5286,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15206799 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.043425296 = queryNorm
0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 5286, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5286)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Date
- 8.10.2000 14:47:22
-
Subject retrieval in a networked environment : Proceedings of the IFLA Satellite Meeting held in Dublin, OH, 14-16 August 2001 and sponsored by the IFLA Classification and Indexing Section, the IFLA Information Technology Section and OCLC (2003)
0.00
0.0035304993 = product of:
0.014121997 = sum of:
0.014121997 = product of:
0.021182995 = sum of:
0.009415939 = weight(_text_:science in 3964) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.009415939 = score(doc=3964,freq=4.0), product of:
0.11438741 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.043425296 = queryNorm
0.08231623 = fieldWeight in 3964, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
2.6341193 = idf(docFreq=8627, maxDocs=44218)
0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=3964)
0.011767057 = weight(_text_:22 in 3964) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.011767057 = score(doc=3964,freq=2.0), product of:
0.15206799 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.043425296 = queryNorm
0.07738023 = fieldWeight in 3964, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=3964)
0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
0.25 = coord(1/4)
- Content
- Enthält die Beiträge: Devadason, F.J., N. Intaraksa u. P. Patamawongjariya u.a.: Faceted indexing application for organizing and accessing internet resources; Nicholson, D., S. Wake: HILT: subject retrieval in a distributed environment; Olson, T.: Integrating LCSH and MeSH in information systems; Kuhr, P.S.: Putting the world back together: mapping multiple vocabularies into a single thesaurus; Freyre, E., M. Naudi: MACS : subject access across languages and networks; McIlwaine, I.C.: The UDC and the World Wide Web; Garrison, W.A.: The Colorado Digitization Project: subject access issues; Vizine-Goetz, D., R. Thompson: Towards DDC-classified displays of Netfirst search results: subject access issues; Godby, C.J., J. Stuler: The Library of Congress Classification as a knowledge base for automatic subject categorization: subject access issues; O'Neill, E.T., E. Childress u. R. Dean u.a.: FAST: faceted application of subject terminology; Bean, C.A., R. Green: Improving subject retrieval with frame representation; Zeng, M.L., Y. Chen: Features of an integrated thesaurus management and search system for the networked environment; Hudon, M.: Subject access to Web resources in education; Qin, J., J. Chen: A multi-layered, multi-dimensional representation of digital educational resources; Riesthuis, G.J.A.: Information languages and multilingual subject access; Geisselmann, F.: Access methods in a database of e-journals; Beghtol, C.: The Iter Bibliography: International standard subject access to medieval and renaissance materials (400-1700); Slavic, A.: General library classification in learning material metadata: the application in IMS/LOM and CDMES metadata schemas; Cordeiro, M.I.: From library authority control to network authoritative metadata sources; Koch, T., H. Neuroth u. M. Day: Renardus: Cross-browsing European subject gateways via a common classification system (DDC); Olson, H.A., D.B. Ward: Mundane standards, everyday technologies, equitable access; Burke, M.A.: Personal Construct Theory as a research tool in Library and Information Science: case study: development of a user-driven classification of photographs
- Footnote
- Rez. in: KO 31(2004) no.2, S.117-118 (D. Campbell): "This excellent volume offers 22 papers delivered at an IFLA Satellite meeting in Dublin Ohio in 2001. The conference gathered together information and computer scientists to discuss an important and difficult question: in what specific ways can the accumulated skills, theories and traditions of librarianship be mobilized to face the challenges of providing subject access to information in present and future networked information environments? The papers which grapple with this question are organized in a surprisingly deft and coherent way. Many conferences and proceedings have unhappy sessions that contain a hodge-podge of papers that didn't quite fit any other categories. As befits a good classificationist, editor I.C. McIlwaine has kept this problem to a minimum. The papers are organized into eight sessions, which split into two broad categories. The first five sessions deal with subject domains, and the last three deal with subject access tools. The five sessions and thirteen papers that discuss access in different domains appear in order of in creasing intension. The first papers deal with access in multilingual environments, followed by papers an access across multiple vocabularies and across sectors, ending up with studies of domain-specific retrieval (primarily education). Some of the papers offer predictably strong work by scholars engaged in ongoing, long-term research. Gerard Riesthuis offers a clear analysis of the complexities of negotiating non-identical thesauri, particularly in cases where hierarchical structure varies across different languages. Hope Olson and Dennis Ward use Olson's familiar and welcome method of using provocative and unconventional theory to generate meliorative approaches to blas in general subject access schemes. Many papers, an the other hand, deal with specific ongoing projects: Renardus, The High Level Thesaurus Project, The Colorado Digitization Project and The Iter Bibliography for medieval and Renaissance material. Most of these papers display a similar structure: an explanation of the theory and purpose of the project, an account of problems encountered in the implementation, and a discussion of the results, both promising and disappointing, thus far. Of these papers, the account of the Multilanguage Access to Subjects Project in Europe (MACS) deserves special mention. In describing how the project is founded an the principle of the equality of languages, with each subject heading language maintained in its own database, and with no single language used as a pivot for the others, Elisabeth Freyre and Max Naudi offer a particularly vivid example of the way the ethics of librarianship translate into pragmatic contexts and concrete procedures. The three sessions and nine papers devoted to subject access tools split into two kinds: papers that discuss the use of theory and research to generate new tools for a networked environment, and those that discuss the transformation of traditional subject access tools in this environment. In the new tool development area, Mary Burke provides a promising example of the bidirectional approach that is so often necessary: in her case study of user-driven classification of photographs, she user personal construct theory to clarify the practice of classification, while at the same time using practice to test the theory. Carol Bean and Rebecca Green offer an intriguing combination of librarianship and computer science, importing frame representation technique from artificial intelligence to standardize syntagmatic relationships to enhance recall and precision.
