-
Malsburg, C. von der: ¬The correlation theory of brain function (1981)
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- Abstract
- A summary of brain theory is given so far as it is contained within the framework of Localization Theory. Difficulties of this "conventional theory" are traced back to a specific deficiency: there is no way to express relations between active cells (as for instance their representing parts of the same object). A new theory is proposed to cure this deficiency. It introduces a new kind of dynamical control, termed synaptic modulation, according to which synapses switch between a conducting and a non- conducting state. The dynamics of this variable is controlled on a fast time scale by correlations in the temporal fine structure of cellular signals. Furthermore, conventional synaptic plasticity is replaced by a refined version. Synaptic modulation and plasticity form the basis for short-term and long-term memory, respectively. Signal correlations, shaped by the variable network, express structure and relationships within objects. In particular, the figure-ground problem may be solved in this way. Synaptic modulation introduces exibility into cerebral networks which is necessary to solve the invariance problem. Since momentarily useless connections are deactivated, interference between di erent memory traces can be reduced, and memory capacity increased, in comparison with conventional associative memory
- Source
- http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_
-
¬The mathematical theory of information (2002)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Mathematical Intelligencer 29(2007) no.1, S.64-65 (C.S. Calude)
- LCSH
- Information theory
- Subject
- Information theory
-
Savolainen, R.: ¬The sense-making theory : reviewing the interests of a user-centered approach to information seeking and use (1993)
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- Abstract
- Reviews the sense-making theory which is based on constructivist assumptions on human information seeking and use. Focuses on the uses epistemic and practical interests of the theory, discussing them in relation to the interests of the traditional intermediary-centered approach. Sense-making theory is a programmatic research effort suggesting user-centered ideas for the conceptualization of the information seeking and use. Its contribution to LIS research is critique to the limitations of the traditional intermediary-centred approach
- Source
- Information processing and management. 29(1993) no.1, S.13-28
-
Tuominen, K.: Yksilo tiedonhankkijana : sense-making -teorian nakokulma tiedonhankintaprosessiin (1994)
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- Abstract
- Presents a critical review of the sense making theory of Brenda Dervin, an important contribution to the theory building in information studies. Special attention is given to the use of the sense making theory in empirical research. Claims that the difficulties faced in data collection and analysis when applying sense making as a methodology are dur to the fact that the conceptual apparatus developed by Dervin has not yet been sufficiently elaborated. Dervin, along with many other theorizers of information seeking and use, is also criticized for ignoring the social nature and context of knowledge and thought. The construction of meaning, and thinking in general, it not only a subjective process but it also involves socially shared representations and ideas
- Date
- 29. 3.1996 21:35:26
- Footnote
- Übers. d. Titels: The individual as an information seeker: sense-making theory and the information seeking
-
Mari, H.: Dos fundamentos da significao a producao do sentido (1996)
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- Abstract
- An approach to establishing a relationship between knowing, informing and representing, using aspects of linguistic theory to clarify semantic theory as the basis for an overall theory of meaning. Linguistic knowledge is based on a conceptual matrix which defines convergence / divergence of the categories used to specify an object's parameters; work on the analysis of discourse emphasisis the social dimension of meaning, which is the basis of the theory of acts and speech. The evaluation criteria used to determine questions about the possibility of knowledge are necessarily decisive, this opens up promising perspectives if formulating a relationship between conceptual and pragmatic approaches
- Date
- 29. 1.1996 18:23:13
-
Leydesdorff, L.; Johnson, M.W.; Ivanova, I.: Toward a calculus of redundancy : signification, codification, and anticipation in cultural evolution (2018)
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- Abstract
- This article considers the relationships among meaning generation, selection, and the dynamics of discourse from a variety of perspectives ranging from information theory and biology to sociology. Following Husserl's idea of a horizon of meanings in intersubjective communication, we propose a way in which, using Shannon's equations, the generation and selection of meanings from a horizon of possibilities can be considered probabilistically. The information-theoretical dynamics we articulate considers a process of meaning generation within cultural evolution: information is imbued with meaning, and through this process, the number of options for the selection of meaning in discourse proliferates. The redundancy of possible meanings contributes to a codification of expectations within the discourse. Unlike hardwired DNA, the codes of nonbiological systems can coevolve with the variations. Spanning horizons of meaning, the codes structure the communications as selection environments that shape discourses. Discursive knowledge can be considered as meta-coded communication that enables us to translate among differently coded communications. The dynamics of discursive knowledge production can thus infuse the historical dynamics with a cultural evolution by adding options, that is, by increasing redundancy. A calculus of redundancy is presented as an indicator whereby these dynamics of discourse and meaning may be explored empirically.
- Date
- 29. 9.2018 11:22:09
-
Schneider, J.W.: Emerging frameworks and methods : The Fourth International Conference on Conceptions of Library and Information Science (CoLIS4), The Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA, July 21-25, 2002 (2002)
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- Footnote
- Bericht über die Tagung und Kurzreferate zu den 18 Beiträgen (u.a. BELKIN, N.J.: A classification of interactions with information; INGWERSEN, P.: Cognitive perspectives of document representation; HJOERLAND, B.: Principia informatica: foundational theory of the concepts of information and principles of information services; TUOMINEN, K. u.a.: Discourse, cognition and reality: towards a social constructionist meta-theory for library and information science
- Source
- Knowledge organization. 29(2002) nos.3/4, S.231-234
-
Savolainen, R.: Tiedon kayton tutkimus informaatiotutkimuksessa (1994)
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- Abstract
- Presents an overview of research on information use. The majority of use and user studies are surveys which focus on the consulting of different information sources and channels. In most studies, however, the substantial issues of information use are omitted. Discusses conceptual and terminological questions of information use and knowledge utilization. No consensus on the definition of these concepts exists among researchers because they can have no direct access to individual processes of information use. Examines the contributions made to information use theory by Brenda Dervin and Robert S. Taylor. Reviews the categories of uses specified in Dervin's sense making theory and discusses Taylor's concept of information use environments. Considers some methodological questions concerning the challenges of empirical research on information use
- Date
- 29. 3.1996 21:35:26
-
Hjoerland, B.: Towards a theory of aboutness, subject, topicality, theme, domain, field, content ... and relevance (2001)
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- Abstract
- Theories of aboutness and theories of subject analysis and of related concepts such as topicality are often isolated from each other in the literature of information science (IS) and related disciplines. In IS it is important to consider the nature and meaning of these concepts, which is closely related to theoretical and metatheoretical issues in information retrieval (IR). A theory of IR must specify which concepts should be regarded as synonymous concepts and explain how the meaning of the nonsynonymous concepts should be defined
- Date
- 29. 9.2001 14:03:14
-
Tuominen, K.: Modernin ihmiskuva tiedonhankintatutkimuksessa : esimerkkitapauksena Carol C. Kuhlthaun konstruktistinen tiedonhankinnan teoria (1995)
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- Abstract
- The contemporary user centred research paradigm in the study of information needs, seeking, and use is critically evaluated with regard to its ideological presuppositions. Discussed Carol C. Kuhlthau's theory of information seeking as an example of a research approach that seems to ignore its ideological nature. In Kuhlthau's theory, the actor is discursively constituted according to subject-object dualisms prevailing in modernity's conception of human identity. This conception draws sharp distinctions between the categories of mind-body and individual-society and has been heavily criticized. Claims that the discourse used by Kuhlthau is closely connected to the interests of the library professionals trying to improve their social status in contemporary Western society. Considers some ways to overcome the methodological individualism characterizing contemporary user centred research
- Date
- 29. 3.1996 21:35:26
- Footnote
- Übers. d. Titels: Modernity and the identity of the human actor in user-centred research as exemplified by Carol C. Kuhlthau's theory of information seeking
-
Stonier, T.: Information and meaning : an evolutionary perspective (1997)
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- Abstract
- Information and meaning is the third book in a trilogy exploring the nature of information, intelligence and meaning. It begins by providing an overview of the first 2 works of the trilogy, then goes on to consider the meaning of meaning. This exploration leads to a theory of how the brain works. This book differs from others in the field, in that it is written from the perspective of a theoretical biologist looking at the evolution of information systems as a basis for studying the phenomena of information, intelligence and meaning. It describes how neurons create a brain which understands information inputs and then is able to operate on such information
- Date
- 29. 7.2002 12:14:39
- LCSH
- Knowledge, Theory of
- Subject
- Knowledge, Theory of
-
Gödert, W.; Lepsky, K.: Informationelle Kompetenz : ein humanistischer Entwurf (2019)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Philosophisch-ethische Rezensionen vom 09.11.2019 (Jürgen Czogalla), Unter: https://philosophisch-ethische-rezensionen.de/rezension/Goedert1.html. In: B.I.T. online 23(2020) H.3, S.345-347 (W. Sühl-Strohmenger) [Unter: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.b-i-t-online.de%2Fheft%2F2020-03-rezensionen.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0iY3f_zNcvEjeZ6inHVnOK]. In: Open Password Nr. 805 vom 14.08.2020 (H.-C. Hobohm) [Unter: https://www.password-online.de/?mailpoet_router&endpoint=view_in_browser&action=view&data=WzE0MywiOGI3NjZkZmNkZjQ1IiwwLDAsMTMxLDFd].
-
Logothetis, N.K.: ¬Das Sehen : ein Fenster zum Bewußtsein (2000)
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- Date
- 31.12.1996 19:29:41
22. 7.2000 19:02:07
-
Roth, G.; Dicke, U.; Wiggers, W.: Wie das Gehirn eine Fliege erkennt (1999)
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- Date
- 31.12.1996 19:29:41
22. 7.2000 19:04:41
-
Information, eine dritte Wirklichkeitsart neben Materie und Geist (1995)
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- Date
- 29. 7.2001 10:22:25
-
Kolmogoroff, A.N.: Logical basis for information theory and probability theory (1968)
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- Source
- IEEE transactions on information theory IT. 14(1968) no.5, S.662-664
-
Anderson, O.R.: Some interrelationships between constructivist models of learning and current neurobiological theory, with implications for science ieducation (1992)
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- Source
- Journal of research in science teaching. 29(1992) no.10, S.1037-1058
-
Leydesdorff, L.; Ivanova, I.A.: Mutual redundancies in interhuman communication systems : steps toward a calculus of processing meaning (2014)
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- Abstract
- The study of interhuman communication requires a more complex framework than Claude E. Shannon's (1948) mathematical theory of communication because "information" is defined in the latter case as meaningless uncertainty. Assuming that meaning cannot be communicated, we extend Shannon's theory by defining mutual redundancy as a positional counterpart of the relational communication of information. Mutual redundancy indicates the surplus of meanings that can be provided to the exchanges in reflexive communications. The information is redundant because it is based on "pure sets" (i.e., without subtraction of mutual information in the overlaps). We show that in the three-dimensional case (e.g., of a triple helix of university-industry-government relations), mutual redundancy is equal to mutual information (Rxyz = Txyz); but when the dimensionality is even, the sign is different. We generalize to the measurement in N dimensions and proceed to the interpretation. Using Niklas Luhmann's (1984-1995) social systems theory and/or Anthony Giddens's (1979, 1984) structuration theory, mutual redundancy can be provided with an interpretation in the sociological case: Different meaning-processing structures code and decode with other algorithms. A surplus of ("absent") options can then be generated that add to the redundancy. Luhmann's "functional (sub)systems" of expectations or Giddens's "rule-resource sets" are positioned mutually, but coupled operationally in events or "instantiated" in actions. Shannon-type information is generated by the mediation, but the "structures" are (re-)positioned toward one another as sets of (potentially counterfactual) expectations. The structural differences among the coding and decoding algorithms provide a source of additional options in reflexive and anticipatory communications.
- Date
- 29. 1.2014 16:44:54
-
Völz, H.: Information verstehen : Facetten eines neuen Zugangs zur Welt (1994)
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- Date
- 29. 2.2008 20:41:49
- LCSH
- Information theory
- Subject
- Information theory
-
Huvila, I.: Making and taking information (2022)
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- Abstract
- Information behavior theory covers different aspects of the totality of information-related human behavior rather unevenly. The transitions or trading zones between different types of information activities have remained perhaps especially under-theorized. This article interrogates and expands a conceptual apparatus of information making and information taking as a pair of substantial concepts for explaining, in part, the mobility of information in terms of doing that unfolds as a process of becoming rather than of being, and in part, what is happening when information comes into being and when something is taken up for use as information. Besides providing an apparatus to describe the nexus of information provision and acquisition, a closer consideration of the parallel doings opens opportunities to enrich the inquiry of the conditions and practice of information seeking, appropriation, discovery, and retrieval as modes taking, and learning and information use as its posterities.
- Date
- 10. 3.2022 14:10:29
- Series
- JASIS&Tspecial issue on information behavior and information practices theory
