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Abstract

Bibliometrics has moved well beyond the mere tracking of bibliographic citations. The web enables new ways to measure scholarly productivity and impact, making available tools and data that can reveal patterns of intellectual activity and impact that were previously invisible: mentions, acknowledgments, endorsements, downloads, recommendations, blog posts, tweets. This book describes recent theoretical and practical advances in metrics-based research, examining a variety of alternative metrics -- or "altmetrics" -- while also considering the ethical and cultural consequences of relying on metrics to assess the quality of scholarship. Once the domain of information scientists and mathematicians, bibliometrics is now a fast-growing, multidisciplinary field that ranges from webometrics to scientometrics to influmetrics. The contributors to Beyond Bibliometrics discuss the changing environment of scholarly publishing, the effects of open access and Web 2.0 on genres of discourse, novel analytic methods, and the emergence of next-generation metrics in a performance-conscious age.

Date

14. 6.2016 13:29:14

LCSH

Research / Evaluation / Statistical methods

Subject

Research / Evaluation / Statistical methods

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Content

Frontmatter -- -- Foreword -- -- Prologue -- -- Contents -- -- Introduction -- -- Part I: Critical informetrics -- -- The Incessant Chattering of Texts -- -- Informetrics Needs a Foundation in the Theory of Science -- -- Part II: Citation theories -- -- Referencing as Cooperation or Competition -- -- Semiotics and Citations -- -- Data Citation as a Bibliometric Oxymoron -- -- Part III: Statistical theories -- -- TypeToken Theory and Bibliometrics -- -- From a Success Index to a Success Multiplier -- -- From Matthew to Hirsch: A Success-Breeds-Success Story -- -- Informations Magic Numbers: The Numerology of Information Science -- -- Part IV: Authorship theories -- -- Authors as Persons and Authors as Bundles of Words -- -- The Angle Sum Theory: Exploring the Literature on Acknowledgments in Scholarly Communication -- -- The Flesh of Science: Somatics and Semiotics -- -- Part V: Knowledge organization theories -- -- Informetric Analyses of Knowledge Organization Systems (KOSs) -- -- Information, Meaning, and Intellectual Organization in Networks of Inter-Human Communication -- -- Modeling the Structure and Dynamics of Science Using Books -- -- Part VI: Altmetric theories -- -- Webometrics and Altmetrics: Home Birth vs. Hospital Birth -- -- Scientific Revolution in Scientometrics: The Broadening of Impact from Citation to Societal -- -- Altmetrics as Traces of the Computerization of the Research Process -- -- Interpreting Altmetrics: Viewing Acts on Social Media through the Lens of Citation and Social Theories -- -- Biographical information for the editor and contributors -- -- Index

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Abstract

The research evaluation market is booming. "Ranking," "metrics," "h-index," and "impact factors" are reigning buzzwords. Government and research administrators want to evaluate everything -- teachers, professors, training programs, universities -- using quantitative indicators. Among the tools used to measure "research excellence," bibliometrics -- aggregate data on publications and citations -- has become dominant. Bibliometrics is hailed as an "objective" measure of research quality, a quantitative measure more useful than "subjective" and intuitive evaluation methods such as peer review that have been used since scientific papers were first published in the seventeenth century. In this book, Yves Gingras offers a spirited argument against an unquestioning reliance on bibliometrics as an indicator of research quality. Gingras shows that bibliometric rankings have no real scientific validity, rarely measuring what they pretend to. Although the study of publication and citation patterns, at the proper scales, can yield insights on the global dynamics of science over time, ill-defined quantitative indicators often generate perverse and unintended effects on the direction of research. Moreover, abuse of bibliometrics occurs when data is manipulated to boost rankings. Gingras looks at the politics of evaluation and argues that using numbers can be a way to control scientists and diminish their autonomy in the evaluation process. Proposing precise criteria for establishing the validity of indicators at a given scale of analysis, Gingras questions why universities are so eager to let invalid indicators influence their research strategy.

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Content

1. Introduction. MetricsIndicators -- Web metrics and Ranganathan's laws of library science -- Web metrics for the library and information professional -- The aim of this book -- The structure of the rest of this book -- 2. Bibliometrics, webometrics and web metrics. Web metrics -- Information science metrics -- Web analytics -- Relational and evaluative metrics -- Evaluative web metrics -- Relational web metrics -- Validating the results -- 3. Data collection tools. The anatomy of a URL, web links and the structure of the web -- Search engines 1.0 -- Web crawlers -- Search engines 2.0 -- Post search engine 2.0: fragmentation -- 4. Evaluating impact on the web. Websites -- Blogs -- Wikis -- Internal metrics -- External metrics -- A systematic approach to content analysis -- 5. Evaluating social media impact. Aspects of social network sites -- Typology of social network sites -- Research and tools for specific sites and services -- Other social network sites -- URL shorteners: web analytic links on any site -- General social media impact -- Sentiment analysis -- 6. Investigating relationships between actors. Social network analysis methods -- Sources for relational network analysis -- 7. Exploring traditional publications in a new environment. More bibliographic items -- Full text analysis -- Greater context -- 8. Web metrics and the web of data. The web of data -- Building the semantic web -- Implications of the web of data for web metrics -- Investigating the web of data today -- SPARQL -- Sindice -- LDSpider: an RDF web crawler -- 9. The future of web metrics and the library and information professional. How far we have come -- The future of web metrics -- The future of the library and information professional and web metrics.