Search (10 results, page 1 of 1)

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Abstract

In previous articles, we reported the state of Web searching in 1997 (Jansen, Spink, & Saracevic, 2000) and in 1999 (Spink, Wolfram, Jansen, & Saracevic, 2001). Such snapshot studies and statistics on Web use appear regularly (OCLC, 1999), but provide little information about Web searching trends. In this article, we compare and contrast results from our two previous studies of Excite queries' data sets, each containing over 1 million queries submitted by over 200,000 Excite users collected on 16 September 1997 and 20 December 1999. We examine how public Web searching changing during that 2-year time period. As Table 1 shows, the overall structure of Web queries in some areas did not change, while in others we see change from 1997 to 1999. Our comparison shows how Web searching changed incrementally and also dramatically. We see some moves toward greater simplicity, including shorter queries (i.e., fewer terms) and shorter sessions (i.e., fewer queries per user), with little modification (addition or deletion) of terms in subsequent queries. The trend toward shorter queries suggests that Web information content should target specific terms in order to reach Web users. Another trend was to view fewer pages of results per query. Most Excite users examined only one page of results per query, since an Excite results page contains ten ranked Web sites. Were users satisfied with the results and did not need to view more pages? It appears that the public continues to have a low tolerance of wading through retrieved sites. This decline in interactivity levels is a disturbing finding for the future of Web searching. Queries that included Boolean operators were in the minority, but the percentage increased between the two time periods. Most Boolean use involved the AND operator with many mistakes. The use of relevance feedback almost doubled from 1997 to 1999, but overall use was still small. An unusually large number of terms were used with low frequency, such as personal names, spelling errors, non-English words, and Web-specific terms, such as URLs. Web query vocabulary contains more words than found in large English texts in general. The public language of Web queries has its own and unique characteristics. How did Web searching topics change from 1997 to 1999? We classified a random sample of 2,414 queries from 1997 and 2,539 queries from 1999 into 11 categories (Table 2). From 1997 to 1999, Web searching shifted from entertainment, recreation and sex, and pornography, preferences to e-commerce-related topics under commerce, travel, employment, and economy. This shift coincided with changes in information distribution on the publicly indexed Web.

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Abstract

In this issue Xie and Wolfram study the Wisconsin state digital library BadgerLink to determine the organizational factors that lead to different use requirements and the degree to which these are met, as well as impact on physical libraries. To this end, usage data from EBSCOhost and ProQuest logs for BadgerLink were analyzed, 313 Wisconsin libraries of all types were surveyed (76% response rate), and analyzed along with 81 responses to a voluntary web survey of end users. Heaviest users were K-12 schools and institutions of higher education. Heaviest use sites were the two largest state universities and the state's largest public library. Small libraries were infrequent users. Web survey respondents were mature working professionals. Sixty percent searched for specific information, but 46% reported browsing in subject areas. Libraries with dedicated Internet access reported more frequent usage than those with dial-up connection. Those who accessed from libraries reported more frequent use than those at work or at home. Libraries that trained end users reported more use, but the majority of the web survey respondents reported themselves as self-taught. Logs confirm reported subject interests. Three surrogates were requested for every full text document but full text availability is reported as the reason for use by 30% of users. Availability has led to the cancellation of subscriptions in many libraries that are important promoters of the service. A model will need to include interactions based upon the influence of each involved participant on the others. It will also need to include the extension of the activities of one participant to other participant organizations and the communication among these organizations.

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Abstract

The author demonstrates how informetric analysis of information retrieval system content and use provides valuable insights that have applications for the modelling, design, and evaluation of information retrieval systems.

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Abstract

Examnies several feasibility issues and initial design considerations for a hypertext system for structured bibliographic retrieval. HyperLynx was developed using Asymmetric Toolbox. By combining searchable term indexes and inter-record linkages between common authors and descriptors, a flexible search environment is established conductive to browsing

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Abstract

Investigates how linkage environments in a hypertext based bibliographic retrieval system affect retrieval performance for novice and experienced searchers, 2 systems, 1 with inter record linkages to authors and descriptors and 1 that also included title and abstract keywords, were tested. No significant differences in retrieval performance and system usage were found for most search tests. The enhanced system did provide better performance where title and abstract keywords provided the most direct access to relevant records. The findings have implications for the design of bilbiographic information retrieval systems using hypertext linkages

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Abstract

Explores inter record linkage relationships of a bibliographic hypertext system through the use of descriptor term co-occurrences. Using term distribution and term exhaustivity data for an existing system, develops 3 models of term co-occurrence and tests against the observed data. The developed models do not adequately model the observed co-occurrence patterns for select parts of the distribution using chi-square values. With knowledge of the structure of such a hypertext system, an appropriate model may be constructed and used as the basis for studying systems design of inter-record linkages and system navigation by users in such a hypertext system

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Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 46(1995) no.1, S.22-29

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Date

28. 9.2010 12:54:22

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Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this article is to examine interindexer consistency on a larger scale than other studies have done to determine if group consensus is reached by larger numbers of indexers and what, if any, relationships emerge between assigned terms. Design/methodology/approach - In total, 64 MLIS students were recruited to assign up to five terms to a document. The authors applied basic data modeling and the exploratory statistical techniques of multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) and hierarchical cluster analysis to determine whether relationships exist in indexing consistency and the coocurrence of assigned terms. Findings - Consistency in the assignment of indexing terms to a document follows an inverse shape, although it is not strictly power law-based unlike many other social phenomena. The exploratory techniques revealed that groups of terms clustered together. The resulting term cooccurrence relationships were largely syntagmatic. Research limitations/implications - The results are based on the indexing of one article by non-expert indexers and are, thus, not generalizable. Based on the study findings, along with the growing popularity of folksonomies and the apparent authority of communally developed information resources, communally developed indexes based on group consensus may have merit. Originality/value - Consistency in the assignment of indexing terms has been studied primarily on a small scale. Few studies have examined indexing on a larger scale with more than a handful of indexers. Recognition of the differences in indexing assignment has implications for the development of public information systems, especially those that do not use a controlled vocabulary and those tagged by end-users. In such cases, multiple access points that accommodate the different ways that users interpret content are needed so that searchers may be guided to relevant content despite using different terminology.

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Source

Knowledge organization. 45(2018) no.1, S.13-22