Search (54 results, page 1 of 3)

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Abstract

Part 3 of a 3-part series on the electronic management of documents parts 1 and 2 of which appeared in Argus 26(3) 1997 and 27(1) 1998 respectively. Looks at 3 concepts relating to the management and communication of electronic documents within the corporate network: groupware, or the automation of work in groups; workflow, or the management of the flow of information to be treated; and intranet, which indicates the private network of an organization supplying internally the technologies responsible for the success of Internet and the World Wide Web. Considers the advantages of the electronic document operated on computer networks over paper handled through traditional channels focusing on intranet because of the importance it is given as an infrastructure for integration of document management activities and because it represents a major challenge for the information professionals of today

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Abstract

To access a remote catalogue the searcher can use the Z39.50 standard as interface, which requires appropriate software; or for databases accessible on the WWW use a common gateway interface. The multibase access advantage of Z39.50 can also be obtained through a Web navigator by inserting a Web server/Z39.50 client software connector: this can be located either on the search site, in an intermediary position or on the database site, so determining the range of databases which can be searched. Z39.50 also offers interesting possibilities for joint and local cataloguing: multibase searching can equally be realised on intranets

Footnote

Übers. des Titels: The puzzling game of catalogue access: World Wide Web and/or Z39.50

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Abstract

The Internet links computer networks worldwide through the TCP/IP; in addition to electronic mail; bulleton board and news group services, files can be downloaded using the standard protocol FTP. Services have evolved to identify and facilitate access to Internet resources, e.g. Telnet, Gopher, WAIS, etc. The WWW is the most developed, using hypertext links. Search engines such as AltaVista explore Web content and create catalogues of Web pages. Gives details of the most commonly used subject guides, research tools and search engines, including URL and applications

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Abstract

Considers the new roles of those involved in multimedia, the information superhighway and electronic publishing. The growth of technology has developed the market of the home computer, multimedia machines, CD-ROM and the Internet. discusses the use of information highways, interactive television, standards for those media and sources of funding

Source

Bulletin des Bibliothèques de France. 40(1995) no.2, S.18-22

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Abstract

Users who want to exploit all the information sources on the Web will need an efficient search and selection tool e.g. a directory or search engine. Directories list Web sites and analyze their contents. Describes the behind-the-scenes work of documentalists specialized in surfing, tracking and indexing French language sites for the directory Nomade. Describes the creation of Nomade, its functioning and indexing, and how this new profession of 'cyber-documentalist' is changing the practices and functions of information professionals as they become Internet information organizers

Date

1. 8.1996 22:01:00

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Abstract

Considers how Intranets are being developed by adapting Internet technologies. Discusses the Internet technologies of data transport, file transfer, massage exchange, and information and document dissemination on the Web and explains how these may be implemented within an organization. Documentation professionals may use these techniques to improve the circulation of information within a company and increase the accumulation of knowledge

Date

1. 8.1996 22:01:00

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Abstract

List of programs

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Abstract

The Venice University Institute of Architecture has developed Easyweb, a software package to integrate its heterogeneous non-compatible bibliographic and multimedia databases, standardise access and create internal links, by transferring all existing OPAC applications to the Web. Features include importation of UNIMARC data, multiple window searching, multibase searching and special applications, e.g. circulation management. Easyweb is notable user friendly and has become the point of reference for OPACs in Italy

Source

Bulletin d'informations de l'Association des Bibliothecaires Francais. 1998, no.178, S.20-22

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Abstract

Depuis son apparition au début des années 90, le World Wide Web (WWW ou Web) a offert un accès universel aux connaissances et le monde de l'information a été principalement témoin d'une grande révolution (la révolution numérique). Il est devenu rapidement très populaire, ce qui a fait de lui la plus grande et vaste base de données et de connaissances existantes grâce à la quantité et la diversité des données qu'il contient. Cependant, l'augmentation et l'évolution considérables de ces données soulèvent d'importants problèmes pour les utilisateurs notamment pour l'accès aux documents les plus pertinents à leurs requêtes de recherche. Afin de faire face à cette explosion exponentielle du volume de données et faciliter leur accès par les utilisateurs, différents modèles sont proposés par les systèmes de recherche d'information (SRIs) pour la représentation et la recherche des documents web. Les SRIs traditionnels utilisent, pour indexer et récupérer ces documents, des mots-clés simples qui ne sont pas sémantiquement liés. Cela engendre des limites en termes de la pertinence et de la facilité d'exploration des résultats. Pour surmonter ces limites, les techniques existantes enrichissent les documents en intégrant des mots-clés externes provenant de différentes sources. Cependant, ces systèmes souffrent encore de limitations qui sont liées aux techniques d'exploitation de ces sources d'enrichissement. Lorsque les différentes sources sont utilisées de telle sorte qu'elles ne peuvent être distinguées par le système, cela limite la flexibilité des modèles d'exploration qui peuvent être appliqués aux résultats de recherche retournés par ce système. Les utilisateurs se sentent alors perdus devant ces résultats, et se retrouvent dans l'obligation de les filtrer manuellement pour sélectionner l'information pertinente. S'ils veulent aller plus loin, ils doivent reformuler et cibler encore plus leurs requêtes de recherche jusqu'à parvenir aux documents qui répondent le mieux à leurs attentes. De cette façon, même si les systèmes parviennent à retrouver davantage des résultats pertinents, leur présentation reste problématique. Afin de cibler la recherche à des besoins d'information plus spécifiques de l'utilisateur et améliorer la pertinence et l'exploration de ses résultats de recherche, les SRIs avancés adoptent différentes techniques de personnalisation de données qui supposent que la recherche actuelle d'un utilisateur est directement liée à son profil et/ou à ses expériences de navigation/recherche antérieures. Cependant, cette hypothèse ne tient pas dans tous les cas, les besoins de l'utilisateur évoluent au fil du temps et peuvent s'éloigner de ses intérêts antérieurs stockés dans son profil.
Dans d'autres cas, le profil de l'utilisateur peut être mal exploité pour extraire ou inférer ses nouveaux besoins en information. Ce problème est beaucoup plus accentué avec les requêtes ambigües. Lorsque plusieurs centres d'intérêt auxquels est liée une requête ambiguë sont identifiés dans le profil de l'utilisateur, le système se voit incapable de sélectionner les données pertinentes depuis ce profil pour répondre à la requête. Ceci a un impact direct sur la qualité des résultats fournis à cet utilisateur. Afin de remédier à quelques-unes de ces limitations, nous nous sommes intéressés dans ce cadre de cette thèse de recherche au développement de techniques destinées principalement à l'amélioration de la pertinence des résultats des SRIs actuels et à faciliter l'exploration de grandes collections de documents. Pour ce faire, nous proposons une solution basée sur un nouveau concept d'indexation et de recherche d'information appelé la projection multi-espaces. Cette proposition repose sur l'exploitation de différentes catégories d'information sémantiques et sociales qui permettent d'enrichir l'univers de représentation des documents et des requêtes de recherche en plusieurs dimensions d'interprétations. L'originalité de cette représentation est de pouvoir distinguer entre les différentes interprétations utilisées pour la description et la recherche des documents. Ceci donne une meilleure visibilité sur les résultats retournés et aide à apporter une meilleure flexibilité de recherche et d'exploration, en donnant à l'utilisateur la possibilité de naviguer une ou plusieurs vues de données qui l'intéressent le plus. En outre, les univers multidimensionnels de représentation proposés pour la description des documents et l'interprétation des requêtes de recherche aident à améliorer la pertinence des résultats de l'utilisateur en offrant une diversité de recherche/exploration qui aide à répondre à ses différents besoins et à ceux des autres différents utilisateurs. Cette étude exploite différents aspects liés à la recherche personnalisée et vise à résoudre les problèmes engendrés par l'évolution des besoins en information de l'utilisateur. Ainsi, lorsque le profil de cet utilisateur est utilisé par notre système, une technique est proposée et employée pour identifier les intérêts les plus représentatifs de ses besoins actuels dans son profil. Cette technique se base sur la combinaison de trois facteurs influents, notamment le facteur contextuel, fréquentiel et temporel des données. La capacité des utilisateurs à interagir, à échanger des idées et d'opinions, et à former des réseaux sociaux sur le Web, a amené les systèmes à s'intéresser aux types d'interactions de ces utilisateurs, au niveau d'interaction entre eux ainsi qu'à leurs rôles sociaux dans le système. Ces informations sociales sont abordées et intégrées dans ce travail de recherche. L'impact et la manière de leur intégration dans le processus de RI sont étudiés pour améliorer la pertinence des résultats.
Since its appearance in the early 90's, the World Wide Web (WWW or Web) has provided universal access to knowledge and the world of information has been primarily witness to a great revolution (the digital revolution). It quickly became very popular, making it the largest and most comprehensive database and knowledge base thanks to the amount and diversity of data it contains. However, the considerable increase and evolution of these data raises important problems for users, in particular for accessing the documents most relevant to their search queries. In order to cope with this exponential explosion of data volume and facilitate their access by users, various models are offered by information retrieval systems (IRS) for the representation and retrieval of web documents. Traditional SRIs use simple keywords that are not semantically linked to index and retrieve these documents. This creates limitations in terms of the relevance and ease of exploration of results. To overcome these limitations, existing techniques enrich documents by integrating external keywords from different sources. However, these systems still suffer from limitations that are related to the exploitation techniques of these sources of enrichment. When the different sources are used so that they cannot be distinguished by the system, this limits the flexibility of the exploration models that can be applied to the results returned by this system. Users then feel lost to these results, and find themselves forced to filter them manually to select the relevant information. If they want to go further, they must reformulate and target their search queries even more until they reach the documents that best meet their expectations. In this way, even if the systems manage to find more relevant results, their presentation remains problematic. In order to target research to more user-specific information needs and improve the relevance and exploration of its research findings, advanced SRIs adopt different data personalization techniques that assume that current research of user is directly related to his profile and / or previous browsing / search experiences.
However, this assumption does not hold in all cases, the needs of the user evolve over time and can move away from his previous interests stored in his profile. In other cases, the user's profile may be misused to extract or infer new information needs. This problem is much more accentuated with ambiguous queries. When multiple POIs linked to a search query are identified in the user's profile, the system is unable to select the relevant data from that profile to respond to that request. This has a direct impact on the quality of the results provided to this user. In order to overcome some of these limitations, in this research thesis, we have been interested in the development of techniques aimed mainly at improving the relevance of the results of current SRIs and facilitating the exploration of major collections of documents. To do this, we propose a solution based on a new concept and model of indexing and information retrieval called multi-spaces projection. This proposal is based on the exploitation of different categories of semantic and social information that enrich the universe of document representation and search queries in several dimensions of interpretations. The originality of this representation is to be able to distinguish between the different interpretations used for the description and the search for documents. This gives a better visibility on the results returned and helps to provide a greater flexibility of search and exploration, giving the user the ability to navigate one or more views of data that interest him the most. In addition, the proposed multidimensional representation universes for document description and search query interpretation help to improve the relevance of the user's results by providing a diversity of research / exploration that helps meet his diverse needs and those of other different users. This study exploits different aspects that are related to the personalized search and aims to solve the problems caused by the evolution of the information needs of the user. Thus, when the profile of this user is used by our system, a technique is proposed and used to identify the interests most representative of his current needs in his profile. This technique is based on the combination of three influential factors, including the contextual, frequency and temporal factor of the data. The ability of users to interact, exchange ideas and opinions, and form social networks on the Web, has led systems to focus on the types of interactions these users have at the level of interaction between them as well as their social roles in the system. This social information is discussed and integrated into this research work. The impact and how they are integrated into the IR process are studied to improve the relevance of the results.

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Footnote

Franz. Übersetzung von 'The computer catalog: a democratic or authoritarian technology'

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Abstract

We present the DOCMA method (DOCument and Model for Action) focused to Socio-Semantic web applications in large communities of interest. DOCMA is dedicated to end-users without any knowledge in Information Science. Community Members can elicit, structure and index shared business items emerging from their inquiry (such as projects, actors, products, geographically situated objects of interest.). We apply DOCMA to an experiment in the field of Sustainable Development: the Cartodd-Map21 collaborative Web portal.

Theme

Semantic Web

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Footnote

Übers. d. Titels: Towards a server for indexing and searching on the Web

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Abstract

Report of a study comparing 2 methods of indexing: LEXINET, a computerised system for indexing titles and summaries only; and manual indexing of full texts, using the thesaurus developed by French Electricity (EDF). Both systems were applied to a collection of approximately 2.000 documents on artifical intelligence from the EDF data base. The results were then analysed to compare quantitative performance (number and range of terms) and qualitative performance (ambiguity of terms, specificity, variability, consistency). Overall, neither system proved ideal: LEXINET was deficient as regards lack of accessibility and excessive ambiguity; while the manual system gave rise to an over-wide variation of terms. The ideal system would appear to be a combination of automatic and manual systems, on the evidence produced here.

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Abstract

Account of a limited experimental study at the Bibliothèque Publique d'Informations (BPI), the Paris multimedia public library, to establish a methodology for investigating user interactions with new technology. A wide range of materials are available at the BPI, including CD-ROMs and the Internet. Preliminary observations indicate that users do not follow the pattern dictated by the machine, but take approaches based on their own experience and skills. Setbacks are generally interpreted as defects in the software, not personla failure to master the system. Large scale qualitative abservation, using research methods from the social sciences, would establish a knowledge base for developing user skills to exploit multimedia resources more fully

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Abstract

Digital documents and Internet access are changing cataloguing practices. MARC formats can accomodate Internet documents by assigning a field for URL but quality control is vital, especially with multimedia catalogues, and new links have to be created. Heterogeneous distant resources can now be searches using the Z39.50 standard, thus enabling access to a wide range of diverse catalogues, and Internet formats are being used to create local systems (intranets). The librarian needs new skills to manipulate digital documents and use information technology tool but the mission is the same: to optimise access to the widest possible range of information

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Abstract

The creation of electronic information in the form of structured documents is gaining popularity. It is thus necessary to develop information retrieval tools fitted to this type of document. Presents the results of a research project aimed at identifying human-computer interface elements that can support information retrieval in structured-document bases. The research included a review of the literature and of existing systems, as well as the design, development, and user testing of a prototype information retrieval system for SGML document bases. Makes 5 recommendations for the design of structured-retrieval systems

Footnote

Übers. d. Titels: The creation and evaluation of a human-computer interface for information retrieval in structured-document bases

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Abstract

The Internet, especially for information retrieval, is a labyrinth in which it is virtually impossible to find one's way without markers. Web pages are easily created and offer free access but payment is required before anything more useful is retrievd. Evaluation and indexing of these sites is extremely difficults. Librarians and information officers will need to keep themselves informed about databases and guide end users through the labyrinth. Discusses search engines and briefly reviews InfoSeek, Folio Retriever, Star-Web, World Trade Center State, Electronic Library, AltaVista, Yahoo and OCLC's Netfirst

Object

Star-Web

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Abstract

Briefly reviews research on users and online catalogues, focusing on the different data gathering methodologies. OLIVE, an enhanced facility for logging transactions and introducing online questionnaires as a front end to a personal computer, was used to examine user intentions, search formulations and success ratings on several commercial systems. Describes a third generation system, OKAPI, which addresses some of the issues raised by the user feedback

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Abstract

Analyzed a special type of man-mchine interaction, that of searching an information system with natural language. A model for full text processing for information retrieval was proposed that considered the system's users and how they employ information. Describes how INIST (the National Institute for Scientific and Technical Information) is developing computer assisted indexing as an aid to improving relevance when retrieving information from bibliographic data banks

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Abstract

The advent of the microcomputer poses the question of how to classifiy records produced electronically. Discusses the nature and function of classification, reflects on the nature of electronic records, and attempts to reconcile the exactness of classification with the power of the computer while examining the appropriateness of applying an existing classification schemes for records to a collection of electronic records