Search (34 results, page 1 of 2)

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Abstract

Pauline Atherton Cochrane has been contributing to library and information science for fifty years. Think of it-from mid-century to the millennium, from ENIAC (practically) to Internet 11 (almost here). What a time to be in our field! Her work an indexing, subject access, and the user-oriented approach had immediate and sustained impact, and she continues to be one of our most heavily cited authors (see, JASIS, 49[4], 327-55) and most beloved personages. This introduction includes a few words about my own experiences with Pauline as well as a short summary of the contributions that make up this tribute. A review of the curriculum vita provided at the end of this publication Shows that Pauline Cochrane has been involved in a wide variety of work. As Marcia Bates points out in her note (See below), Pauline was (and is) a role model, but I will always think of her as simply the best teacher 1 ever had. In 1997, I entered the University of Illinois Graduate School of Library and Information Science as a returning mid-life student; my previous doctorate had not led to a full-time job and I was re-tooling. I was not sure what 1 would find in library school, and the introductory course attended by more than 100 students from widely varied backgrounds had not yet convinced me I was in the right place. Then, one day, Pauline gave a guest lecture an the digital library in my introductory class. I still remember it. She put up some notes-a few words clustered an the blackboard with some circles and directional arrows-and then she gave a free, seemingly extemporaneous, but riveting narrative. She set out a vision for ideal information exchange in the digital environment but noted a host of practical concerns, issues, and potential problems that required (demanded!) continued human intervention. The lecture brought that class and the entire semester's work into focus; it created tremendous excitement for the future of librarianship. 1 saw that librarians and libraries would play an active role. I was in the right place.

Content

Enthält Beiträge von: FUGMANN, R.: Obstacles to progress in mechanized subject access and the necessity of a paradigm change; TELL, B.: On MARC and natural text searching: a review of Pauline Cochrane's inspirational thinking grafted onto a Swedish spy on library matters; KING, D.W.: Blazing new trails: in celebration of an audacious career; FIDEL, R.: The user-centered approach; SMITH, L.: Subject access in interdisciplinary research; DRABENSTOTT, K.M.: Web search strategies; LAM, V.-T.: Enhancing subject access to monographs in Online Public Access Catalogs: table of contents added to bibliographic records; JOHNSON, E.H.: Objects for distributed heterogeneous information retrieval

Date

22. 9.1997 19:16:05

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Content

Inhalt: KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION Towards a Future for Knowledge Organization Ingetraut Dahlberg Professor Neelameghan's Contribution to the Advancement and Development of Classification in the Context of Knowledge Organization Nancy J. Williamson Knowledge Orgnization System Over Time S. Seetharama The Facet Concept as a Universal Principle of Subdivisio Clare Beghtol Facet Analysis as a Knowledge Management Tool on the Internet Kathryn La Barre and Pauline Atherton Cochrane The Universal Decimal Classification: A Response to a Challenge I. C. Mellwaine Controlled Vocabularies as a Sphere of Influence Anita S. Coleman and Paul Bracke Aligning Systems of Relationship Rebecca Green and Carol A. Bean Terminologies, Ontologies and Information Access Widad Mustafa El Hadi SATSAN AUTOMATRIX Version 1 : A Computer Programme for Synthesis of Colon Class Number According to the Postulational Approach B. G. Satyapal and N. Sanjivini Satyapal. INTEROPERABILITY, DIGITAL LIBRARY AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL Interoperable Institutional Digital Research Repositories and Their Potential for Open Access Research Knowledge Management T. B. Rajashekar Boundary Objects and the Digital Library Michael Shepherd and Corolyn Watters A PFT-based Approach to Make CDS/ISIS Data based OAI-Compliant Francis Jayakanth and L. Aswath The changing Language Technology and CDS/ ISIS: UNICODE and the Emergence of OTF K. H. Hussain and J. S. Rajeev Text Mining in Biomedicine: Challenges and Opportunities Padmini Srinivasan Determining Authorship of Web Pages Timothy C. Craven
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN SPECIALIZED AREAS Information System for Knowledge Management in the Specialized Division of a Hospital M. C. Vasudevan; Murali Mohan and Amit Kapoor Five Laws of Information Service and Architecting Knowledge Infrastructure for Education and Development k. R. Srivathsan Documentation of Compositions in Carnatic Music: Need for and Utility of a Computerized Database K. S. Nagarajan Saint Tyagaraja CD: A Model for Knowledge Organization and Presentation of Classical Carnatic Music---T. N. Rajan The National Tuberculosis Institute, Bangalore; Recent Development in Library and Information Services Sudha S. Murthy Sri Ramakrishna Math Libraries: Computer Applications D.N. Nagaraja Rao Save the Time of the Godly: Information Mediator's Role in Promoting Spiritual and Religious Accommodation Mohamed Taher INFORMATION SOCIETY Information Society, Information Networks and National Development : An Overview P. B. Mangla Digital Divide in India-Narrowing the Gap: An Appraisal with Special Reference to Karnataka K. N. Prasad Future of the Book: Will the Printed Book Survive the Digital Age? K. A. Isaac Role of Traditional Librarianship in the Internet/Digital Era a. Ratnakar A New Paradigm of Education System for Reaching the Unreached Through Open and Distance Education with Special Reference to the Indian Initiative S. B. Ghosh Knowledge Workers of the New Millennium: An Instance of Interdisciplinary Exchange and Discovery Michael Medland

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Abstract

Tim Berners-Lee ist der Erfinder des WWW. Der Brite, der 1989 den ersten Browser entwickelt hat, schildert im Interview seine Vision von der Zukunft des Web

Theme

Semantic Web

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Abstract

This article explores the debates among library science educators in the decade prior to the publication of the Williamson Report in 1923. It explores the lives and work of three prominent California library administrators and educational pioneers: Everett Perry at the Los Angeles Public Library, Joseph Daniels at the Riverside Public Library, and James Gillis, California State Librarian. Perry, Daniels, and Gillis developed innovative and distinctive library training programs at their respective institutions, and in the process they engaged in vigorous, often contentious, correspondence over their educational philosophies and goals and how library education should develop in the future. Their debates reflected current issues in the emerging profession, while their actions prefigured many of the recommendations of the Williamson Report, most notably the transferal of library training to the university. While none of these pioneering library science programs in California have survived, they represent a critical stage in the professionalization and legitimization of library science as an academic discipline.

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Date

22. 7.2007 12:05:26
22. 7.2007 12:08:24

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Abstract

Effie Louise Power (1873-1969) represented the high standard of collaboration among children's librarians that characterized the entire development of youth services work. This article examines Power's role in U.S. library history as a practitioner, library and information science educator, national and regional professional leader, and author. Particular emphasis is given to Power's place in the network of children's librarians in the early twentieth century, her professional authority as the librarian selected by the American Library Association to write the first textbook for children's librarianship, and her success as one of the many librarians who have written and edited children's books, especially folktale collections for use in storytelling programs. Emerging most notably from this research is the discovery of how energetically, albeit quietly, Power influenced not only her contemporaries but also the next several generations of children's librarians who have followed in her professional footsteps.

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Source

DK-Mitteilungen. 13(1968) Nr.6, S.21-22

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Source

Mathematical intelligencer. 7(1985), S.18-22

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Date

22. 1.2016 19:11:37

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Abstract

Alan Turing is regarded as one of the greatest scientists of the 20th century. But who was Turing, and what did he achieve during his tragically short life of 41 years? Best known as the genius who broke Germany's most secret codes during the war of 1939-45, Turing was also the father of the modern computer. Today, all who 'click- to-open' are familiar with the impact of Turing's ideas. Here, B. Jack Copeland provides an account of Turing's life and work, exploring the key elements of his life-story in tandem with his leading ideas and contributions. The book highlights Turing's contributions to computing and to computer science, including Artificial Intelligence and Artificial Life, and the emphasis throughout is on the relevance of his work to modern developments. The story of his contributions to codebreaking during the Second World War is set in the context of his thinking about machines, as is the account of his work in the foundations of mathematics.

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Source

Mathematical intelligencer. 20(1998) no.1, S.22-28

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Footnote

Rez. in: FR, Nr.125 vom 31.5.2001, S.22 (S. Hanuschek)

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Abstract

According to Paul Otlet, in order to face the worldwide interdependence which was evidenced in the World War I, we need an international centre for the storage and dissemination of knowledge: The Mundaneum. To study this utopian project is to study how positivism, centralism, and monumentalism have determined Otlet's international perspective. His project of a colossal Bibliopolis contrasts very much with the position of Georges Bataille who denounced the totalitarian threat of centralized monumental structures. In spite of his centralism and his monumentalism, Paul Otlet foresaw our worldwide networked environment. His 3-dimensional conception of information can be still useful for developing Computer Assisted Palaces of Memory connected to International Virtual Libraries

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Abstract

Steps forward in mathematics often reverberate in other scientific disciplines, and give rise to innovative conceptual developments or find surprising technological applications. This volume brings to the forefront some of the proponents of the mathematics of the twentieth century, who have put at our disposal new and powerful instruments for investigating the reality around us. The portraits present people who have impressive charisma and wide-ranging cultural interests, who are passionate about defending the importance of their own research, are sensitive to beauty, and attentive to the social and political problems of their times. What we have sought to document is mathematics' central position in the culture of our day. Space has been made not only for the great mathematicians but also for literary texts, including contributions by two apparent interlopers, Robert Musil and Raymond Queneau, for whom mathematical concepts represented a valuable tool for resolving the struggle between 'soul and precision.' Zeitliche Fortsetzung zu: Bell, E.T.: Men of mathematics. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1937.

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Date

26.12.2007 14:22:47

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Abstract

The work of the Belgian internationalist and documentalist, Paul Otlet (1868-1944), and his colleagues in Brussles, forms an important and neglected part of the history of information science. They developed a complex of organizations that are similar in important respects functionally to contemporary hypertext/hypermedia systems. These organizations effectively provided for the integration on bibliographic, image and textual databases. Chunks of text on cards or separate sheets were created according to 'the monographic principle' and their physical organization managed by the UDC, created by the Belgians from Melvil Dewey's DDC. This article discusses Otlet's concept of the Office of Documentation and, as examples of an approach to actual hypertext systems, several special Offices of Documentation set up in the International Office of Bibliography. In his Traité de Documentation of 1934, one of the first systematic treatises on what today we would call information science, Otlet speculated imaginatively about telecommunications, text-voice conversion, and what is needed in computer workstations, though of course he does not use this terminology. By assessing how the intellectual paradigm of 19th century positivism shaped Otlet's thinking, this study suggests how, despite its apparent contemporaneity, what he proposed was in fact conceptually different from the hypertext systems that have been developed or speculated about today. Such as analysis paradoxically also suggests the irony that a 'deconstructionist' reading of accounts of theses systems might find embedded in them the postivist approach to knowledge that the system designers would seem on the face of it explicitely to have repudiated

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Abstract

The analytico-synthetic facet methodology (ASM) of S.R.Ranganathan (SRR) helps to improve information retrieval online and on the Internet as well. Yahoo has been foreseen in the subject/query structuring based on ASM. Data mining and discovery, the design, development, use and evaluation of object-oriented databases and knowledge organization tools (KOTs) - faceted classification schemes, thesauri, classaurus, and subject indexing languages - are well supported by ASM. The fundamental nature of SRR's contributions attest to their continuing relevance and value in information storage and retrieval in the context of developments in information technology and the Internet. His theories, postulates and normative principles anchored on the Five Laws provide a holistic integrated approach to research, development and practice in knowledge organization in particular and information science in general. These contributions provide a sound foundation and stability to KOTs. SRR had visualized a self-perpetuating classification system. Computer graphics and imaging could help the examination in three or more dimensions the architecture of subject (and the associated Strength of Bond theory) proposed by SRR and the impact of interpolation of new concepts on the structure

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Content

"Wer Joseph Weizenbaum kannte weiß, dass man ihn - je nach Gusto - zu den Optimisten oder Pessimisten rechnen konnte, weil er ganz einfach das Leben in all seinen Widersprüchen kannte und wusste, es ist nicht "logisch". Aber die Hoffnung, auf "Inseln der Vernunft" ist etwas Bleibendes, das er in seinem letzten Buch mit Gunna Wendt in den Titel hob. In ihm wird als eine Art Interview-Report das Leben des großen Computer-Pioniers nachgezeichnet - oder sollte man besser sagen "reflektiert"? Manche bezeichnen Weizenbaum heute eher als Computer-Dissidenten. Doch er wollte kein "Ausruhen" auf solchen Nischenplätzen. Er suchte nicht Randlagen, sondern die rettenden Inseln der Vernunft in dem Meer aus Belanglosigkeiten der so genannten Informationsgesellschaft. In Würdigung seines Lebenswerkes will ich diese optimistische Perspektive auf Inseln der Vernunft jedoch durch eine Hoffnung erweitern. Es wird sicher noch Einige geben, die sich an die Zeiten des kältesten Kalten Krieges erinnern. Da gab es das Lied vom Insulaner das im Refrain kundtat: ". der Insulaner hofft unbeirrt, dass seine Insel wieder'n schönes Festland wird." Es war eine Art Hymne der West-Berliner geworden, doch spätestens nach dem Mauerbau glaubte man eher Ulbricht. Später dann brachte es Honnecker (1988) auf den Punkt, indem er ankündigte, dass es die Mauer noch in hundert Jahren geben werde. Wer die "Menschheitsbeglücker" des 20. Jahrhunderts kennt, weiß allerdings auch, dass da nicht nur läppische hundert Jahre, sondern auch schon mal Tausendjährige Reiche "versprochen" wurden. Wenn ich Weizenbaums Leben zurückverfolge, liegt gerade darin das Hoffnungszeichen: Er überlebte diese "Paradiese". Sein Lebensweg führte ihn durch viele dunkle Täler. Manchmal konnte er aus politischer Konfrontation Nutzen ziehen, so z.B. weil das US-Militär die EDV-Entwicklung der frühen Jahre mehr als großzügig förderte, denn die Angst vor Stalin (und seinen Nachfolgern) ließ für die Computerexperten das Geld nur so sprudeln.

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Date

19. 7.2002 22:02:18