Search (16 results, page 1 of 1)

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Abstract

In this article, the fourth in a series on microcomputer software for information storage and retrieval, test results of six indexing and full-text retrieval programs are presented and various properties and qualities of these programs are discussed. The common faeture of programs in these categories is that they are primarily meant to retrieve words (or combination of them) in large text files. To do this they either simply index existing text files in one or more formats (indexing programs), or they store and index them in their own database format (full-text retrieval programs). The programs reviewed in this issue are the indexing programs Ask-it, Texplore and ZYindex and the full-text retrieval programs KAware, textMaster and WordCruncher. All programs run under MS-DOS. In addition ZYindex has a Windows and a Unix version and TextMaster is also available for for Unix. For each of the six programs almost 100 facts and test results are tabulated. The programs are also discussed individually

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Abstract

Free text and controlled vocabulary searching can no longer be viewed as antagonistic techniques in information retrieval since they both display advantages and weaknesses dependent on a fairly wide range of context, with the option to use both increasingly favoured. An attempt is made to present a list of features associated with the two techniques and to suggest a methodology to assist in deciding on the optimal retrieval technique for a particular purpose. The relevance of the techniques in expert systems and full text contexts is also discussed. Finally, recommendations for further research are suggested, concentrating on survey techniques in real-life retrieval situations

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Abstract

Reviews ISYS, a full text retrieval system from Odyssey developments. ISYS supports a wide variety of wordprocessor, text and spreadsheet formats. A programming interface is included for developers to integrate ISYS into their own applications. Describes how to use ISYS to create a database index for a set of documents and then query that index to locate, retrieve and display information from the indexed documents. Discusses configuration options, precedence of operators, displaying and manipulating search results, the advanced menu, ease of learning and use, documentation and library applications

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Abstract

Reviews developments in full text databases in 1996. Online services are differentiated through quantity rather than niche specializations of content. Full text databases are appearing on the WWW. Examines examples of trade magazine on the WWW from the networking and data communications area. Covers: Networks World Fusion; Data Communications on the Web; Communications Week Interactive; Network Computing Online; LAN Times Online and LAN on the Web

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Abstract

Reviews developments and improvements in techniques for searching the WWW that have been made access to full text databases a practical proposition (full text retrieval (FTR)). Reports results of interviews with 8 full text database vendors offering FTR via the WWW: Dataware (http://www.dataware.com); Excalibur (http://www.excalib.com); Fulcrum (http://www.fulcrum.com); Muscat (http://www.muscat.co.uk); Open Text (http://www.opentext.com); Personal Library Software (PLS) (http://www.pls.com); Verity (http://www.verity.com); and ZyLab (ZyIndex and ZyImage) (http://www.zylab.com). Compares the prices of the systems and lists the questions that publishers should ask before making a choice of systems for handling FTR on the Web

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Abstract

Examines how techniques in the field of natural language processing can be applied to the analysis of text in information retrieval. State of the art text searching programs cannot distinguish, for example, between occurrences of the sickness, AIDS and aids as tool or between library school and school nor equate such terms as online or on-line which are variants of the same form. To make these distinction, systems must incorporate knowledge about the meaning of words in context. Research in natural language processing has concentrated on the automatic 'understanding' of language; how to analyze the grammatical structure and meaning of text. Although many asoects of this research remain experimental, describes how these techniques to recognize spelling variants, names, acronyms, and abbreviations

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Abstract

In order to compare the value of subject descriptors and title keywords as entries to subject searches, two studies were carried out. Both studies concentrated on monographs in the humanities and social sciences, held by the online public access catalogue of the National Library of the Netherlands. In the first study, a comparison was made by subject librarians between the subject descriptors and the title keywords of 475 records. They could express their opinion on a scale from 1 (descriptor is exactly or almost the same as word in title) to 7 (descriptor does not appear in title at all). It was concluded that 37 per cent of the records are considerably enhanced by a subject descriptor, and 49 per cent slightly or considerably enhanced. In the second study, subject librarians performed subject searches using title keywords and subject descriptors on the same topic. The relative recall amounted to 48 per cent and 86 per cent respectively. Failure analysis revealed the reasons why so many records that were found by subject descriptors were not found by title keywords. First, although completely meaningless titles hardly ever appear, the title of a publication does not always offer sufficient clues for title keyword searching. In those cases, descriptors may enhance the record of a publication. A second and even more important task of subject descriptors is controlling the vocabulary. Many relevant titles cannot be retrieved by title keyword searching because of the wide diversity of ways of expressing a topic. Descriptors take away the burden of vocabulary control from the user.

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Abstract

Describes a research goal set by many offices within the US Department of Energy. Reviews efficient full text searching techniques being developed to better understand and meet this goal. Classical computer human interaction (CHI) approaches provided by commercial information retrieval engines fail to contextualize information in ways that facilitates timely decision making. Discusses the uses of advanced CHI techniques in combination with deductive database technology to augment the weaknesses found in the presentation capabilities of information retrieval engines. Presents various techniques employed in a WWW based prototype system currently under development

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Abstract

At Rotterdam Ports Authority in the Netherlands the Habour information database includes a press cuttings service and various online databases. To enable research staff to have direct access to information the POINT (Point Information Net) was begun in 1993. Using Verity software POINT provides simultaneously full text searching on a range of databases. The software uses current Web indexing technqiues to overcome the problems of excessive recall and low precision. A key element is the system's ability to recognise word combinations

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Abstract

Verity Search 97 software will index and search e-mail, attachments, folders and documents on local and network disk drives. The Internet may be searched via the same front end and changes to particular documents or pages may be monitored. Documents may be viewed in their native formats including ASCII, HTML, PDF and popular word processors, with highlighted search terms. Agents may be launched into the Internet to retrieve information according to a user-specified profile. The software can index about 700 MB an hour. Describes the search technology which includes fuzzy logic and natural language. The Web version of Personal Search 97 works with Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer, while the Exchange version will work regardless of any attachment to an Exchange server. Search 97 Personal improves online time and access time and allows searches to be refined offline

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Content

"Mit Google Print bzw. mittlerweile Google Book Search und dem Projekt zur Übernahme eines brancheneigenen Portals zur Pflege und Bereitstellung digitaler Daten aus Büchern namens "Volltextsuche online" initiiert durch den Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels tritt ein Thema auf den Plan, das im deutschen Sprachraum lange vernachlässigt wurde: allgemein gesprochen, die Notwendigkeit der Texterschließung durch Indexierung - sei sie gedruckt in Form von Registern im Anhang von Sach- und wissenschaftlichen Büchern oder ungedruckt in Form sog. Volltextabfragen per Suchmaske am Computer. Angesichts der exponentiell wachsenden Menge an Wissen ist es gut, wenn hierzu Überlegungen angestellt werden und damit die Chance besteht, neben der wirtschaftlichen auch über die wissenstheoretische Dimension dieser Dienste nachzudenken. Zweifellos wird die Bedeutung der Indexierung von Fließtext aus wissenstheoretischer Sicht in Zukunft noch weiter wachsen und bedeutet im Falle einer Online-Plattform (wenn sie denn in naher Zukunft eine hinreichend große Menge an Büchern in ihrem Datenbestand aufweisen wird) die Erfüllung eines Traumes für die wissenschaftliche Arbeit: Es ist fantastisch, in Millisekunden das Vorhandensein von Personen, Termen, Phrasen und Wortkomposita zu ermitteln, um die Ein- bzw. Nichteinschlägigkeit eines Buches und - mehr noch -vieler Bücher für die eigene Arbeit eindeutig beantworten zu können. Es ist fantastisch, im Trefferfall die gesuchte Information sogleich auf dem Monitor exzerpieren zu können oder sich auch bei ausbleibenden Treffern das Durcharbeiten eines ganzen Buches, vielleicht sogar einer halben Bibliothek ersparen zu können. Dabei ist das letztere Resultat mindestens eine genauso wichtige Information wie die erste, denn auch sie wird- man darf fast sagen, so gut wie immer - zu einer unglaublichen Ersparnis an Zeit verhelfen; hier bedeutet allein schon die Verringerung der Datenmenge einen Zuwachs an Wissen unter minimalem Zeitaufwand. Angesichts dieser Diagnose ist die These zu wagen, die digitale Revolution beginnt erst wirklich bei der Nutzung der Volltexte selbst als Datenquelle zur Wissensabfrage.
. . . Ich plädiere hier aus den oben genannten wissenstheoretischen Gründen nicht nur für die Aufrechterhaltung eines Mindestmaßes an Registern und Indexen im Anhang von physischen Büchern, sondern sogar für deren Ausbau, deren standardmäßige Zugabe bei Sach- und wissenschaftlichen Büchern gerade angesichts der Volltextnutzung durch Online-Abfragen. Warum? Hierzu sechs Argumente: 1. Wie oben bereits angerissen, lehrt die Erfahrung bei CD-ROM-Zugaben zu opulenten Werken, dass Parallelmedien mit Parallelinhalten von den Nutzern nicht wirklich angenommen werden; es ist umständlich, zur Auffindung bestimmter Textstellen den Computer befragen zu müssen und die Fundstellen dann zwischen zwei Buchdeckeln nachzuschlagen. 2. Über frei wählbare Suchbegriffe seitens des Nutzers ist noch keine Qualität der Suchergebnisse garantiert. Erst das Einrechnen entsprechender Verweisungsbegriffe und Synonyme in die Suchabfrage führt zu Qualität des Ergebnisses. Die scheinbar eingesparten Kosten einer einmaligen bzw. abonnementartigen Investition in eine Online-Verfügbarkeit der Buchinhalte vonseiten der Verlage werden dann über die Hintertür doch wieder fällig, wenn sich nämlich herausstellt, dass Nutzer bei der von ihnen gesuchten Information nicht fündig werden, weil sie unter dem "falschen", d.h. entweder ihnen nicht bekannten oder einem ihnen gerade nicht präsenten Schlagwort gesucht haben. Die Online-Suchabfrage, die auf den ersten Blick höchst nutzerfreundlich erscheint, da eine ungeheure Menge an Titeln die Abfrage umfasst, erweist sich womöglich als wenig brauchbar, wenn sich die Trefferqualität aus den genannten Gründen als beschränkt herausstellt. 3. Nur bei entsprechenden Restriktionen des Zugangs bzw. der präsentierten Textausschnitte werden die Verlage es gewährleistet sehen, dass die Nutzerin, der Nutzer nicht vom Kauf des physischen Buches Abstand nehmen. Nur wenn die Nutzer wissen, dass ihnen gerade jene Informationen am Bildschirm vorenthalten werden, die sie im zu erwerbenden Buch mit Gewissheit finden werden, werden sie das Buch noch erwerben wollen. Wer auf die Schnelle nur ein Kochrezept aus einem teuer bebilderten Kochbuch der Oberklasse abrufen kann, wird das teure Kochbuch eben nicht mehr kaufen. Analog stellt sich die Frage, ob nicht aus diesem Grunde auch Bibliotheken erwägen werden, angesichts der elektronischen Präsenz teuerer physischer Bücher auf den Erwerb der Letzteren zu verzichten, wohl wissend, dass den Wissenschaftlern im Zweifel einige Mausklicks genügen, um die gewünschte Begriffsrecherche erschöpfend beantwortet zu finden.

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Date

23. 1.1999 19:22:09

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Date

22. 7.2000 17:48:06

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Date

14. 6.2001 12:22:31

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Source

c't. 2002, H.22, S.190-197

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Date

9. 1.1996 10:22:31