Search (56 results, page 1 of 3)

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Abstract

Was wäre, wenn der Computer den Inhalt einer Seite aus dem World Wide Web nicht nur anzeigen, sondern auch seine Bedeutung erfassen würde? Er könnte ungeahnte Dinge für seinen Benutzer tun - und das vielleicht schon bald, wenn das semantische Netz etabliert ist

Footnote

Dt. Übersetzung von: The Semantic Web: a new form of Web content that is meaningful to computers will unleash a revolution of new possibilities. In: Scientific American. 284(2001) no.5, S.34-43.

Theme

Semantic Web

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Abstract

A synthesis of some of the themes and ideas developed in a recently published book about the future of information: i in the sky: visions of the information future. Common themes included: problems in defining information and defining future time-scales, the ubiquity of information, accessibility, privacy censorship and control, customisation ofinformation products, the development of the World Wide Web, artificial intelligence and cybernetics, changes in working roles and structures of organisations, information literacy, information overload and the organisation and retrieval of information.

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Abstract

Is there a future for the library cataloger? For the past thirty years this debate has increased with the continued growth of online resources and greater access to the World Wide Web. Many are concerned that library administrators believe budgetary resources would be better spent on other matters, leaving library users with an overabundance of electronic information to muddle through on their own. This article focuses on the future of the cataloging profession and its importance to the needs of library patrons.

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Abstract

Much time and effort has been devoted to designing and developing library Web sites that are easy to navigate by both new students and experienced researchers. In a review of the Southampton Institute Library it was decided that in addition to updating the existing homepage an alternative would be offered. Drawing on theory relating to user interface design, learning styles and creative thinking, an Alternative Library navigation system was added to the more traditional library homepage. The aim was to provide students with a different way to explore and discover the wide range of information resources available by taking a less formal approach to navigation based on the metaphor of physical space and playful exploration.

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Content

"When Randall C. Jimerson, the president of the Society of American Archivists, heard of Google's plan to convert certain holdings at Oxford University and at some of the leading research libraries in the United States into digital files, searchable over the Web, he asked, "What are they thinking?" Mr. Jimerson had worries. Who would select the material? How would it be organized and identified to avoid mountains of excerpts taken out of context? Would Google users eventually forgo the experience of holding a book or looking at a historicaldocument? But in recent interviews, many scholars and librarians applauded the announcement by Google, the operator of the world's most popular Internet search service, to digitize some of the collections at Oxford, the University of Michigan, Stanford University, Harvard and the New York Public Library. The plan, in the words of Paul Duguid, information specialist at the University of California at Berkeley, will "blast wide open" the walls around the libraries of world-class institutions.
David Nasaw, a historian and director of the Center for the Humanities at the City University of New York's Graduate Center, said the ability to use keywords to locate books and documents could save academics traveltime and money and broaden their research. "This all captures people's imagination in a wonderful way," Said Kate Wittenberg, director of the Electronic Publishing Initiative at Columbia University. "But whether it's right or wrong is not the whole question and not the whole answer." This year Ms. Wittenberg's group completed a three-year study of research habits that included 1,233 students. The study concluded that electronic resources had become the main tool for gathering information, particularly among undergraduates. But Ms. Wittenberg does have concerns. "What I've learned is that libraries help people formulate questions as well as find answers," Ms. Wittenberg said. "Who will do that in a virtual world?" On the other hand, she Said, an enhanced databank could make it easier for students to research topics across disciplines. For example, a topic like "climate change" touches an both political science and science, she Said, and "in the physical world, the books about them are in two different buildings at Columbia." Online research could bring the two subjects together instantly. Robert Darnton, a professor of history at Princeton who is writing a book about the history of books, noted that by looking at a book's binding and paper quality, a researcher can discern much about the period in which it was published, the publisher and the intended audience.
"There may be some false consciousnesses about this breakthrough, that all learning will be at our fingertips," Mr. Darnton said of the plans to enhance Google's database. He saw room for both Google and real-world research. Libraries have already been changed by the Internet, said Paul LeClerc, president and chief executive of the New York Public Library: But libraries will still be needed to coliect and store information, he said. "TV did replace radio," Mr. LeCIerc said. "Videos and DVD's did not replace people going to the movies. It's still easier to read a book by hand than online." "The New-York Public Library Web site gets three-fourths of a billion hits a year from 200 different countries and territories, and that's with no marketing or advertising," he said. "That's the context in which this new element has to be placed." "We had 13 million reader visits last year," he continued. "We're serving a multiplicity of audiences - we serve people physically and virtually. It's an enormous contribution to human intellectual development." Many university leaders realize that for most people, information does not exist unless it is online, said Paul Courant, provost and executive vice president for academic affairs at the University of Michigan. Mr. Courant envisioned that in 20 years archives would be shared by institutions. While the world needs "tens of thousands of copies of 'To the Lighthouse,"' he said, "we don't need to have a zillion copies of some arcane monograph written by a sociologist in 1951."

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Abstract

Die mit dem Bologna-Prozess eingeleiteten Veränderungen haben erhebliche Auswirkungen auf die Weiterentwicklung der deutschen Hochschulen und Universitäten. Dies betrifft auch die Bereiche der Informationsinfrastruktur, für die sich neue Anforderungen und Herausforderungen aus dem Bologna-Prozess ergeben. Ökonomisierung und Technologisierung von Geschäfts- und Supportprozessen sind dabei wesentliche Antriebskräfte, die insbesondere die soziale Dimension akademischen Lebens und die damit verbundenen Werte zu verdrängen drohen: Auch in Zeiten von Bologna ist 'Universität, keine Web-Version! Deshalb sind Bibliotheken, Medien- und Rechenzentren sowie Verwaltungen gut beraten, auf der Plattform der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien und unter Einschluss betriebswirtschaftlicher Verfahren eine 'Vision von Qualität', zu entwickeln, wie sie in der Tradition des europäischen Universitätswesens liegt.

Date

22. 2.2008 13:28:00

Source

Zeitschrift für Bibliothekswesen und Bibliographie. 55(2008) H.1, S.18-22

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Content

"Für Optimisten wie den amerikanischen Computerwissenschaftler Nicholas Negroponte bricht das kommende Digitalzeitalter wie eine Naturgewalt über uns herein. Als Zukunftsforscher kann ich jedoch nicht in den Tenor der üblichen kühnen Prophezeiungen der Medienbranche einstimmen. In Deutschland und den USA wird zwar viel über E-Commerce spekuliert. In Wirklichkeit nutzen aber die privaten Verbraucher dort Shopping, Reisebuchung und Bücherkauf per PC kaum (je unter 3 %), Hornebanking nur 5 % der Amerikaner und 3 % der Deutschen. Obwohl immer mehr Firmen online gehen, halten die Verbraucher weitgehend an ihren außerhäuslichen Konsumgewohnheiten fest. Bisher bietet das Netz gefühls- und erlebnismäßig einfach zu wenig. Auch 2010 werden über 90 % des privaten Verbrauchs nicht über OnlineGeschäfte getätigt. Selbst wenn sich der E-Commerce-Umsatz der privaten Verbraucher jährlich verdoppeln sollte, werden die Online-Geschäfte in Deutschland auch 2002 keine 3 % des Einzelhandelsumsatzes ausmachen (derzeit: 22 Milliarden Mark Einzelhandelsumsatz zu 2,5 Milliarden aus Online-Geschäften). Die Frage, warum Online-Shopping so wenig Resonanz findet, lässt sich auf folgende Ursachen zurückführen: Erlebniskonsum in den Shopping-Centern ist attraktiver; wachsende Ungeduld bei langem Laden der Website, Unzufriedenheit über verwirrend gestaltete Online-Shops, Enttäuschung über nicht verfügbare Produkte sowie Abbruch der Kaufabsicht, wenn das Shop-System abstürzt. Leider findet die digitale Revolution in Deutschland bisher fast nur auf Unternehmensseite statt, die Fragen nach den Bedürfnissen der Konsumenten bleiben weitgehend unbeantwortet.
Wer sich ernsthaft um die eigene Zukunft Gedanken macht, wird die Altersvorsorge nicht nur als materielle, sondern auch als körperliche, soziale und mentale Daseinsvorsorge begreifen. Denn bessere Lebensbedingungen und medizinischer Fortschritt haben nicht nur die Lebenserwartung, sondern auch die durchschnittliche Rentenbezugsdauer verlängert (zum Beispiel 1960: 10 Jahre, 2000: 20 Jahre). Die meisten werden zukünftig ein Vierteljahrhundert im Ruhestand leben "müssen". Daher werden in der immer älter werdenden Gesellschaft Pharmaforschung, Bio- und Gentechnologien im Kampf gegen Krebs, Alzheimer oder Demenz boomen sowie gesundheitsnahe Branchen, die Care und Wellness, Vitalität und Revitalisierung anbieten. - Frauen bevorzugen weiterhin KKK und nicht WWW - Eine andere optimistische Prognose zum digitalen Zeitalter hält auch nicht stand. So verkündet eine aktuelle Werbekampagne der deutschen Bundesregierung den Slogan "Drei K sind out, WWW ist in. Kinder, Küche, Kirche sind für Frauen nicht mehr das Ein und Alles ..." Diese Behauptung geht weit an der Wirklichkeit des Jahres 2001 vorbei. Die Frauenpower von heute findet noch immer mehr in der Kirche als im World Wide Web statt. Nur 4 % der Frauen in Deutschland (Männer: 13 %) nutzen wenigstens einmal in der Woche privat Online-Dienste. Der Anteil der Frauen, die regelmäßig jede Woche in die Kirche gehen, ist fast fünfmal so hoch (19 %) - von den Besuchen in der Küche ganz zu schweigen; auch Kinder sind noch lange nicht abgeschrieben. Die Zuneigung der Deutschen zum Computer hält sich in Grenzen. Repräsentative Studien belegen, dass derzeit über 80 % der Bevölkerung in der Regel keinen PC zu Hause nutzen, dafür lieber an ihren alten TV-Gewohnheiten zwischen Tagesschau und Sportsendung festhalten, zwischendurch Handy-Kontakte aufnehmen oder den Anrufbeantworter "abarbeiten". Laut Verband der Elektrotechnik hat der Anteil der so genannten Computer-Muffel seit 1998 sogar zugenommen. Das PC-Zeitalter beziehungsweise Online-Jahrhundert ist offenbar schon zu Ende, bevor es überhaupt begonnen hat."

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Abstract

Defines digital libraries and discusses the effects of new technology on librarians. Examines the different viewpoints of librarians and information technologists on digital libraries. Describes the development of a digital library at the National Drug Intelligence Center, USA, which was carried out in collaboration with information technology experts. The system is based on Web enabled search technology to find information, data visualization and data mining to visualize it and use of SGML as an information standard to store it

Date

22.11.1998 18:57:22

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Abstract

Will traditional forms of communication seamlessly migrate to the Web? Liew, Foo, and Chennupati report that the top-ranked features of e-journals are those not available in paper journals: querying, navigation, and visualization.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 52(2001) no.1, S.22-35

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Abstract

In this research study, Nemertes performed an independent in-depth analysis of Internet and IP infrastructure (which we call capacity) and current and projected traffic (which we call demand) with the goal of understanding how each has changed over time, and determining if there will ever be a point at which demand exceeds capacity. To assess infrastructure capacity, we reviewed details of carrier expenditures and vendor revenues, and compared these against market research studies. To compute demand, we took a unique approach: Instead of modeling user behavior based on measuring the application portfolios that users had currently deployed, and projecting deployment of those applications in future, we looked directly at how user consumption of available bandwidth has changed over time.

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Abstract

Initialbeitrag zum sog. "Semantic Web". - Dt. Übersetzung: dt.: Mein Computer versteht mich. In: Spektrum der Wissenschaft, August 2001, S. 42-49

Theme

Semantic Web

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Abstract

Considers the possible potential for service development in public libraries offered by the Internet and describes the traditional models of network access and their lack of relevance to public libraries. Describes 2 current research projects currently being undertaken by public libraries to assess the value of the Internet to their services; ITPOINT, a project being conducted at Chelmsley Wood Library, Solihull, UK; and CLIP, the Croydon Libraries Internet peoject. Presents a range of new service paradigms and suggests that public libraries will become even more central to people's lives than they are today

Source

IFLA journal. 22(1996) no.1, S.27-30

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Abstract

This paper explores cataloging in the Age of Google. It considers what the technologies now being adopted mean for cataloging in the future. The author begins by exploring how digital-era students do research-they find using Google easier than using libraries. Mass digitization projects now are bringing into question the role that library cataloging has traditionally performed. The author asks readers to consider if the detailed attention librarians have been paying to descriptive cataloging can still be justified, and if cost-effective means for access should be considered.

Date

10. 9.2000 17:38:22

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Abstract

Addresses the technical and policy issues in the development of an international infrastructure for the flow of information by studying the emerging national information infrastructures in 6 post communist countries in Central and Eastern Europe. The study consisted of interviews with over 300 library managers, computing network administrators, government policy makers and other information professionals conducted in 1993 and 1994 in Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia, plus a 1994 mail survey of research libraries in these countries. After presenting the principles under which the G-7 leading industrialized countries have agreed to collaborate on constructing a Global Information Infrastructure (GII), presents examples from the survey on how the GII pronciples might be addressed. Results of the longitudinal study were reported at greater length in the Proceedings of the 58th Meeting of the ASIS, 1995, S.27-34

Source

IFLA journal. 22(1996) no.2, S.121-127

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Abstract

This volume is the first book coherently summarizing the current issues in digital libraries research, design and management. It presents, in a homogeneous way, thoroughly revised versions of 15 papers accepted for the First International Workshop on Digital Libraries, DL '94, held at Rutgers University in May 1994; in addition there are two introductory chapters provided by the volume editors, as well as a comprehensive bibliography listing 262 entries. Besides introductory aspects, the topics addressed are administration and management, information retrieval and hypertext, classification and indexing, and prototypes and applications. The volume is intended for researchers and design professionals in the field, as well as for experts from libraries administration and scientific publishing.

Date

22. 1.1996 18:26:45

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Abstract

The paper discusses the nature of values in general and the nature and utility of the values of librarianship. Delineates the changes that have occurred and are occurring in the wider world and the nature of change; also the importance of values in providing a framework for dealing with present and future change. Stresses the centrality of the human record to societal progress, the place of the human record in cultural heritage, and the central purpose of libraries in facilitating interaction with the human record and furthering the transmission of cultural heritage. Urges a turning away from the alien value systems of information technology, consumerism, materialism, and corporate management, and a consequent set of alliances between libraries and a wide range of cultural institutions and associations.

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Source

http://www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/web/findface-app-mit-gesichtserkennung-loest-hype-in-russland-aus-a-1092951.html

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Source

Encyclopedia of library and information science. Vol.59, [=Suppl.22]

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Content

"Die Vision von der künstlichen Intelligenz wird Wirklichkeit, sagt Computerbuchverleger und Web 2.0-Pionier Tim O'Reilly. Das Leben mit dem Internet sei viel weiter als manche ahnungslose Nutzer meinten. Und es gebe keinen Weg zurück. O'Reilly ist sich allerdings nicht sicher, ob der nächste große Technologie-Schub mit dem WorldWideWeb verbunden ist. " Wenn wir über unseren Umgang mit Computern reden, verbinden wir das immer noch damit, vor einem Bildschirm zu sitzen und auf einer Tastatur zu tippen. Aber Computer werden immer mehr in den Hintergrund gedrängt. Die offensichtliche Veränderung ist zunächst - was ja viele Menschen auch schon beschrieben haben-, dass auch mobile Endgeräte oder Mobiltelefone als Plattform dienen. Damit ist auch verbunden, dass Spracherkennung immer besser wird. Oder dass Fotoapparate mittlerweile mit GPS ausgestattet sind. Wenn Sie damit ein Foto machen, ist der Ort automatisch Teil des Fotos und damit Teil der Information, die Sie zum Beispiel auf eine Web-2.0-Anwendung wie flickr stellen. Und plötzlich lernt das globale Gehirn etwas, was Sie gar nicht beabsichtigt haben", betont O'Reilly. Microsoft habe eine Software vorgestellt, die Photosynth heißt. Mit ihr könnten aus aneinander gereihten Digitalfotos 3-D Modelle entworfen werden. Man müsse die Fotos nur mit "Tags" versehen, also markieren, und jemand anderes nutzt das und führt alles zu einem 3-D Modell zusammen. "Wir bewegen uns also in Richtung künstlicher Intelligenz. Allerdings ist immer noch ein Mensch dahinter, der dem Programm sagt, was es tun soll. Aber das Beispiel zeigt, was mit der Nutzung kollektiver Intelligenz gemeint ist. Wir geben immer mehr Daten in das globale Netzwerk ein, und Menschen schreiben Programme, die neue Verbindungen erstellen. Es ist, als würden die Synapsen des kollektiven Gehirns wachsen. Ich glaube, wir dürfen Überraschungen erwarten", meint O'Reilly.
Die Informationen aus dem Internet werden nach seiner Erkenntnis auf viele verschiedene Arten zugänglich sein. "Wir denken immer, es gibt Milliarden Computer da draußen - aber das stimmt nicht. Es gibt eigentlich nur einen, und darum geht es im Web 2.0. Alles wird mit allem verbunden. Und was wir heute unter einem Computer verstehen ist eigentlich nur ein Zugangsgerät zu dem einen weltweiten elektronischen Gehirn, das wir erschaffen", sagt O'Reilly. Webexperten halten die Visionen von O'Reilly für realistisch: "So wird die Spracherkennung eine Schlüsseltechnologie sein für den Zugriff auf das vernetzte Weltwissen. Wie häufig hätten wir gerne im Alltag genaue Informationen zu Sportergebnissen, Telefonnummern oder Adressen. Unendlich viele Dinge, die wir, wenn wir gerade im Internet wären sofort 'er-googlen' würden. Da das aber in der Freizeit und von unterwegs selten der Fall ist und der Zugriff über das Handy mit Tastatur oder Touch-screen zu mühselig ist, verzichten wir meistens darauf unseren Wissenshunger sofort zu stillen. Anders wäre es, wenn wir mit einfachen gesprochenen Suchbefehlen unsere Anfrage starten und die Suche dann bei Bedarf eingrenzen könnten, genauso, wie wir es derzeitig mit der PC-Tastatur und der Maus tun und das ganze jederzeit und von jedem Ort aus", kommentiert Lupo Pape, Geschäftsführer von SemanticEdge, die Analysen des Web-2.0-Vordenkers.

Theme

Semantic Web

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Content

Part of a Special Issue: Accessibility of web-based information resources for people with disabilities: part 2. Vgl. auch unter: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/07378830210452668.