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Hotho, A.; Bloehdorn, S.: Data Mining 2004 : Text classification by boosting weak learners based on terms and concepts (2004)
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- Content
- Vgl.: http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CEAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.91.4940%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&ei=dOXrUMeIDYHDtQahsIGACg&usg=AFQjCNHFWVh6gNPvnOrOS9R3rkrXCNVD-A&sig2=5I2F5evRfMnsttSgFF9g7Q&bvm=bv.1357316858,d.Yms.
- Date
- 8. 1.2013 10:22:32
-
Schrodt, R.: Tiefen und Untiefen im wissenschaftlichen Sprachgebrauch (2008)
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- Content
- Vgl. auch: https://studylibde.com/doc/13053640/richard-schrodt. Vgl. auch: http%3A%2F%2Fwww.univie.ac.at%2FGermanistik%2Fschrodt%2Fvorlesung%2Fwissenschaftssprache.doc&usg=AOvVaw1lDLDR6NFf1W0-oC9mEUJf.
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Vetere, G.; Lenzerini, M.: Models for semantic interoperability in service-oriented architectures (2005)
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- Content
- Vgl.: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5386707&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D5386707.
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Mas, S.; Marleau, Y.: Proposition of a faceted classification model to support corporate information organization and digital records management (2009)
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- Footnote
- Vgl.: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/login.jsp?reload=true&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel5%2F4755313%2F4755314%2F04755480.pdf%3Farnumber%3D4755480&authDecision=-203.
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Donsbach, W.: Wahrheit in den Medien : über den Sinn eines methodischen Objektivitätsbegriffes (2001)
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- Source
- Politische Meinung. 381(2001) Nr.1, S.65-74 [https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgfe.de%2Ffileadmin%2FOrdnerRedakteure%2FSektionen%2FSek02_AEW%2FKWF%2FPublikationen_Reihe_1989-2003%2FBand_17%2FBd_17_1994_355-406_A.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2KcbRsHy5UQ9QRIUyuOLNi]
-
Stojanovic, N.: Ontology-based Information Retrieval : methods and tools for cooperative query answering (2005)
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- Content
- Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fdigbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de%2Fvolltexte%2Fdocuments%2F1627&ei=tAtYUYrBNoHKtQb3l4GYBw&usg=AFQjCNHeaxKkKU3-u54LWxMNYGXaaDLCGw&sig2=8WykXWQoDKjDSdGtAakH2Q&bvm=bv.44442042,d.Yms.
-
Auty, C.: Politics and government in the age of the internet (2005)
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Kaye, B.K.; Johnson, T.J.: From here to obscurity? : media substitution theory and traditional media in an on-line world (2003)
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- Abstract
- Kaye and Johnson are interested in the effect of interaction with the Internet on time spent with more traditional media by persons with a strong interest in politics, a topic on which previous research has provided conflicting results. They posted a survey on the Web requesting respondents from within the United States which was advertised in politically oriented newsgroups, political chat rooms, politically oriented web sites, and posted on 40 search services and which collected data from the responding convenience sample of 442 in 2000 and 307 in 1996. Respondents were asked about change in their time spent with traditional media, as well as their trust in government, self efficacy, interest in politics, reliance on traditional sources, reliance on the web, other internet based electronic information sources, and their demographic characteristics. Over the time period female respondents increased from one quarter to one third. The average age increased by 10.8 years, and those reporting a high level of trust in government increased from 11.9% to 35.2%. Reported high self efficacy rose from 44.7% to 74%. Internet users are spending significantly less time reading news magazines in the second survey, and while the difference in television viewing is not significantly different, the decrease in radio listening for political information is. Respondents also report spending significantly less time talking about politics in 2000. About one half the respondents report spending less time with traditional media while the other half claim the internet has not effected their use of these sources.
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Rogers, R.: Information politics on the Web (2004)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.4, S.608-609 (K.D. Desouza): "Richard Rogers explores the distinctiveness of the World Wide Web as a politically contested space where information searchers may encounter multiple explanations of reality. Sources of information on the Web are in constant competition with each other for attention. The attention a source receives will determine its prominence, the ability to be a provider of leading information, and its inclusion in authoritative spaces. Rogers explores the politics behind evaluating sources that are collected and housed on authoritative spaces. Information politics on the Web can be looked at in terms of frontend or back-end politics. Front-end politics is concerned with whether sources on the Web pay attention to principles of inclusivity, fairness, and scope of representation in how information is presented, while back-end politics examines the logic behind how search engines or portals select and index information. Concerning front-end politics, Rogers questions the various versions of reality one can derive from examining information on the Web, especially when issues of information inclusivity and scope of representation are toiled with. In addition, Rogers is concerned with how back-end politics are being controlled by dominant forces of the market (i.e., the more an organization is willing to pay, the greater will be the site's visibility and prominence in authoritative spaces), regardless of whether the information presented on the site justifies such a placement. In the book, Rogers illustrates the issues involved in back-end and front-end politics (though heavily slanted on front-end politics) using vivid cases, all of which are derived from his own research. The main thrust is the exploration of how various "information instruments," defined as "a digital and analytical means of recording (capturing) and subsequently reading indications of states of defined information streams (p. 19)," help capture the politics of the Web. Rogers employs four specific instruments (Lay Decision Support System, Issue Barometer, Web Issue Index of Civil Society, and Election Issue Tracker), which are covered in detail in core chapters of the book (Chapter 2-Chapter 5). The book is comprised of six chapters, with Chapter 1 being the traditional introduction and Chapter 6 being a summary of the major concepts discussed.
Chapter 2 examines the politics of information retrieval in the context of collaborative filtering techniques. Rogers begins by discussing the underpinnings of modern search engine design by examining medieval practices of knowledge seeking, following up with a critique of the collaborative filtering techniques. Rogers's major contention is that collaborative filtering rids us of user idiosyncrasies as search query strings, preferences, and recommendations are shared among users and without much care for the differences among them, both in terms of their innate characteristics and also their search goals. To illustrate Rogers' critiques of collaborative filtering, he describes an information searching experiment that he conducted with students at University of Vienna and University of Amsterdam. Students were asked to search for information on Viagra. As one can imagine, depending on a number of issues, not the least of which is what sources did one extract information from, a student would find different accounts of reality about Viagra, everything from a medical drug to a black-market drug ideal for underground trade. Rogers described how information on the Web differed from official accounts for certain events. The information on the Web served as an alternative reality. Chapter 3 describes the Web as a dynamic debate-mapping tool, a political instrument. Rogers introduces the "Issue Barometer," an information instrument that measures the social pressure on a topic being debated by analyzing data available from the Web. Measures used by the Issue Barometer include temperature of the issue (cold to hot), activity level of the debate (mild to intense), and territorialization (one country to many countries). The Issues Barometer is applied to an illustrative case of the public debate surrounding food safety in the Netherlands in 2001. Chapter 4 introduces "The Web Issue Index," which provides an indication of leading societal issues discussed on the Web. The empirical research on the Web Issues Index was conducted on the Genoa G8 Summit in 1999 and the anti-globalization movement. Rogers focus here was to examine the changing nature of prominent issues over time, i.e., how issues gained and lost attention and traction over time.
In Chapter 5, the "Election Issue Tracker" is introduced. The Election Issue Tracker calculates currency that is defined as "frequency of mentions of the issue terms per newspaper and across newspapers" in the three major national newspapers. The Election Issue Tracker is used to study which issues resonate with the press and which do not. As one would expect, Rogers found that not all issues that are considered important or central to a political party resonate with the press. This book contains a wealth of information that can be accessed by both researcher and practitioner. Even more interesting is the fact that researchers from a wide assortment of disciplines, from political science to information science and even communication studies, will appreciate the research and insights put forth by Rogers. Concepts presented in each chapter are thoroughly described using a wide variety of cases. Albeit all the cases are of a European flavor, mainly Dutch, they are interesting and thought-provoking. I found the descriptions of Rogers various information instruments to be very interesting. Researchers can gain from an examination of these instruments as it points to an interesting method for studying activities and behaviors on the Internet. In addition, each chapter has adequate illustrations and the bibliography is comprehensive. This book will make for an ideal supplementary text for graduate courses in information science, communication and media studies, and even political science. Like all books, however, this book had its share of shortcomings. While I was able to appreciate the content of the book, and certainly commend Rogers for studying an issue of immense significance, I found the book to be very difficult to read and parse through. The book is laden with jargon, political statements, and even has several instances of deficient writing. The book also lacked a sense of structure, and this affected the presentation of Rogers' material. I would have also hoped to see some recommendations by Rogers in terms of how should researchers further the ideas he has put forth. Areas of future research, methods for studying future problems, and even insights on what the future might hold for information politics were not given enough attention in the book; in my opinion, this was a major shortcoming. Overall, I commend Rogers for putting forth a very informative book on the issues of information politics on the Web. Information politics, especially when delivered on the communication technologies such as the Web, is going to play a vital role in our societies for a long time to come. Debates will range from the politics of how information is searched for and displayed on the Web to how the Web is used to manipulate or politicize information to meet the agendas of various entities. Richard Rogers' book will be of the seminal and foundational readings on the topic for any curious minds that want to explore these issues."
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Keilty, P.: Tabulating queer : space, perversion, and belonging (2009)
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- Abstract
- Considering fields as diverse as the history of science, Internet studies, border studies, and coalition politics, the article gives an historical overview of how the knowledge around queer phenomena has been structured, tabulated, and spacialized: the hazards, coercive and productive qualities, as well as queer's paradoxical relationship as both resistant to and reliant on categories, classification, and knowledge structures. In the process, the article also considers the development of Western hierarchical knowledge structures in relation to societal power dynamics, proximity, and space.
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Day, R.E.: ¬The "Conduit metaphor" and the nature and politics of information studies (2000)
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Herrero-Solana, V.; Moya Anegón, F. de: Graphical Table of Contents (GTOC) for library collections : the application of UDC codes for the subject maps (2003)
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- Abstract
- The representation of information contents by graphical maps is an extended ongoing research topic. In this paper we introduce the application of UDC codes for the subject maps development. We use the following graphic representation methodologies: 1) Multidimensional scaling (MDS), 2) Cluster analysis, 3) Neural networks (Self Organizing Map - SOM). Finally, we conclude about the application viability of every kind of map. 1. Introduction Advanced techniques for Information Retrieval (IR) currently make up one of the most active areas for research in the field of library and information science. New models representing document content are replacing the classic systems in which the search terms supplied by the user were compared against the indexing terms existing in the inverted files of a database. One of the topics most often studied in the last years is bibliographic browsing, a good complement to querying strategies. Since the 80's, many authors have treated this topic. For example, Ellis establishes that browsing is based an three different types of tasks: identification, familiarization and differentiation (Ellis, 1989). On the other hand, Cove indicates three different browsing types: searching browsing, general purpose browsing and serendipity browsing (Cove, 1988). Marcia Bates presents six different types (Bates, 1989), although the classification of Bawden is the one that really interests us: 1) similarity comparison, 2) structure driven, 3) global vision (Bawden, 1993). The global vision browsing implies the use of graphic representations, which we will call map displays, that allow the user to get a global idea of the nature and structure of the information in the database. In the 90's, several authors worked an this research line, developing different types of maps. One of the most active was Xia Lin what introduced the concept of Graphical Table of Contents (GTOC), comparing the maps to true table of contents based an graphic representations (Lin 1996). Lin applies the algorithm SOM to his own personal bibliography, analyzed in function of the words of the title and abstract fields, and represented in a two-dimensional map (Lin 1997). Later on, Lin applied this type of maps to create websites GTOCs, through a Java application.
- Date
- 12. 9.2004 14:31:22
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Fugmann, R.: Obstacles to progress in mechanized subject access and the necessity of a paradigm change (2000)
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- Abstract
- Contemporary information systems, both the private and the commercially available ones, have often been blamed for their low effectiveness in terms of precision and recall, especially when they have reached considerable size with respect to file volume and use frequency (see, for example, Belkin, 1980; Blair, 1996, p.19; Desai, 1997; Drabenstott, 1996; Knorz, 1998). Saracevic (1989), after having reviewed the contemporary design of online subject access, calls "for radically different design principles and implementation" (p. 107). Van Rijsbergen (1990) writes: "The keywords approach with statistical techniques has reached its theoretical limit and further attempts for improvement are considered a waste of time" (p. 111). Lancaster (1992) deplores that very little really significant literature an subject indexing has been published in the last thirty or so years. In her preface to the Proceedings of the Sixth International Study Conference an Classification Research in 1997, Mcllwaine (1997) writes, "many were surprised to find that the problems with which they wrestle today are not greatly different from those that have been occupying the minds of specialists in the field for over a generation, and probably a great deal longer" (p. v).
- Date
- 22. 9.1997 19:16:05
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Maxwell, T.A.: Mapping information policy frames : the politics of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (2004)
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-
Beckedahl, M.: Online-Kampagnen : Das Netz als Forum politischer Öffentlichkeit (2005)
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- Abstract
- Das Internet bietet neue Möglichkeiten, politische Kampagnen mit wenigen Mitteln zu realisieren. Bürgerinitiativen und Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NGO) nutzen mittlerweile ebenso das Netz, um auf ihre Anliegen aufmerksam zu machen, wie Parteien und Firmen. Eine der erfolgreichsten Netzkampagnen der letzten Jahre war zweifellos die Howard-Dean-Kampagne im US-amerikanischen Vorwahlkampf der Demokraten: Nie zuvor wurden so konsequent das Inter net eingesetzt und neue Wege ausprobiert. Gerade die Offenheit der Kampagne, in der die Unterstützer über das Internet eingebunden waren und dadurch die Kreativität einer vernetzten Gemeinschaft genutzt wurde, setzte Maßstäbe für künftige Kampagnen. Partizipation und Transparenz wurden zu neuen Leitbildern in Bottum-up-Prozessen, die das Internet ermöglicht. Sie werden die Form von Kampagnen nachhaltig verändern. Als »The Rise of Open Source Politics« bezeichnete Micah L. Sifry in der November-Ausgabe des US-Magazins The Nation die neue Art der Kampagnenführung. Vorbild sind die offenen und kollaborativen Arbeitsstrukturen, die Freie Software wie das Betriebssystem Linux, aber auch die Wikipedia erfolgreich machen.
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Chen, H.-h.; Chiu, T.-h.: ¬The working environment and changing role of corporate librarians in Taiwan (2005)
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- Abstract
- Influenced by the concept of a "Knowledge Economy," knowledge management (KM) has been receiving a lot of attention in the field of business administration recently. In the field of Library and Information Science, corporate librarians working in the information centers are mostly affected by KM either in their working environment or in their daily operations' role. Headed by the Special Library Association (SLA), a series of studies about the working environment and the changing role of corporate librarians in the last 10 years had been done in the United States. Due to differences in politics, economics, and cultures between Taiwan and Western countries, the organizational structure and corporate culture of business is not the same. Therefore, local studies an similar topics are needed. Our purpose in this study is to explore the influence of knowledge management an the working environment and the changing roles of corporate librarians in Taiwan.
-
Jörgensen, P.: Incorporating context in text analysis by interactive activation with competition artificial neural networks (2005)
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- Abstract
- Many segments of modern society, including marketing, politics, government, activism and public safety, desire the ability to find relationships, thus meaning, in public discourse. This can be accomplished by analyzing communication documents according to their content. The increasing use of the Internet for public dialog has made Internet communication a potentially rich source of data in this regard. This study explores the use of an interactive activation with competition (IAC) artificial neural network (ANN) to find relationships in email texts. A modified fully recurrent IAC network was used to process 69 email messages from two threads in the Open Library/Information Science Education Forum using two variations of the self-organizing phase of network formation. These variations were: (1) with and (2) without a linear decay function applied between sentences to the external activation of nodes. The use of the linear decay function, which could be considered a method for including context, produced three positive effects: the entire network was more differentiated from keywords; the keywords were more highly associated with each other, and; roughly half the number of noise strings were highly associated with keywords.
-
Morris, S.A.; Yen, G.; Wu, Z.; Asnake, B.: Time line visualization of research fronts (2003)
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- Abstract
- Research fronts, defined as clusters of documents that tend to cite a fixed, time invariant set of base documents, are plotted as time lines for visualization and exploration. Using a set of documents related to the subject of anthrax research, this article illustrates the construction, exploration, and interpretation of time lines for the purpose of identifying and visualizing temporal changes in research activity through journal articles. Such information is useful for presentation to meinbers of expert panels used for technology forecasting.
-
Abbate, J.: Democracy and new media (2003)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: JASIST 55(2004) no.6, S.561-562 (J.P. Renaud): "While definitions of democracy are topics of debate, political activists and potentates, respectively, hope or fear that a relationship exists between expanded access to information and expanded public interest in shaping policy. The current U.S. presidential election cycle has brought dramatic attention to this, with primary candidates using the Internet both to reach out to disaffected potential voters and to quite effectively raise funds for their campaigns. In short, this "new media" is no longer a novelty in the political arena, but a force that commands respect. In Democracy and New Media, the editors have assembled contributions from the social sciences, humanities, information science, and communication studies that attempt to address the relationship between democracy and evolving technology, using empirical and theoretical analysis. In addition, policy makers and shapers are represented in this volume, sharing interpretations of the impact of Internet technology upon democratic processes and structures. In keeping with the deliberative stance of the work, Clinton advisor Ira Magaziner's essay appears next to that of The Heritage Foundation's David Winton. The book's strength is that it is balanced in a way that reflects intellectual conceptions of both the Internet and democracy, and thus avoids the tendency of some other collections of essays to become either stridently one-sided or, worse, a point/ counterpoint collection along the lines of the basic Taking Sides series. This volume is the second in the Media in Transition Series, standing between New Media, 1740-1915, edited by Lisa Gitelman and Geoffrey Pingree, and Rethinking Media Change: The Aesthetics of Transition, edited by Jenkins and Thorburn. Democracy and the Internet: Some Considerations might have been a more accurate title for the volume under consideration here, because this tome poses questions and attempts to frame discussion, rather than provide concrete answers or definitive arguments. Andrew Feenberg's work, Questioning Technology (1999) and the essay collection Society an the Line: Information Politics in the Digital Age (1999), edited by William H. Dutton, will definitely be worthwhile reading for scholars interested in these topics. Other books that pursue similar lines of dialogue and are worth examining are the essay collection Virtual Politics: Identity and Community in Cyberspace (1997), edited by David Holmes, and Decomcracy.com? (1999), edited by Elaine Cuilla Kamarck and Joseph S. Nye, Jr. Articles that will complement these essays are Antje Gimmler's work, "Deliberative Democracy, the Public Sphere and the Internet," that appeared in Philosophy and Social Criticism 2 (2001), and a study by Thomas Johnson and Barbara Kaye, "A Boost or Bust for Democracy: How the Web Influenced Political Attitudes and Behaviors in the 1996 and 2000 Presidential Elections," that appeared in Press/Politics 8 (2003). Democracy and New Media is arranged around three themes. The first section, How Democratic Is Cyberspace? contains 11 essays. This is the most far-reaching and theoretical section of the book. The second section, a four-essay piece called Global Developments, raises some interesting questions that serve as micro examples of issues pursued at a more theoretical level in previous and subsequent chapters. The comparative nature of the volume is seen here, with chapters addressing the impact of technology an a nation interspersed with chapters that ultimately describe countries or regions where technology is absent in all but the most rudimentary forms. These contrasts, and the insights of the writers, allow seemingly disparate topics to become an intriguing dialogue. The third chapter, News and Information in the Digital Age, examines the changes created by faster and more accessible media.
-
Davenport, E.: Implicit orders : documentary genres and organizational practice (2001)
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- Abstract
- The paper explores the proposition that documentary genres implicitly order organizational activity; analysis of their role as tacit sorting devices can improve understanding of documentation and organizational practice. The author reviews recent work an communities of practice in organizations and discusses historical work an documentary genres and their role in capturing local or tacit knowledge. More recent work an documentary genres in the digital workplace is then addressed, and the place of the politics of classification in the construction of genres is discussed. The author analyzes case studies of new technology and changes in practice in a number of contexts, including recent work an documentary genres in a small enterprise in the Scottish food and beverage sector. In this company, evolving documentary genres have allowed a recently automated sales team to adapt to a new order imposed by changes in external circumstances and the procurement of new technology. The paper concludes with a review of recent work an visualization of social interactions and its possible role in the rapid provision of templates for documentary genres in different domains. The author speculates that representations (by visualization or other means) of documentary genres in organizational settings may serve as "thumbprints" of groups at work that may provide rapid insight into the nature of work in a given domain. Such insight may be important in distributed cognition, where ad hoc project teams work online and at a distance from each other in the "temporary organizations" that characterize work in many domains.
