Search (11 results, page 1 of 1)

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Source

Extensions and corrections to the UDC. 22(2000), S.49-75

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Date

22. 1.2012 13:17:00

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Abstract

Subject access to information is recognized as one of the most important features of information storage and retrieval systems. It is a feature which requires information professionals to have expertise in retrieval, subject cataloging, classification, indexing and system design. This essay examines the knowledge base needed for professional careers in the subject control of information. It identifies some of the problems involved in education and training graduates for working in this area and attempts to pose some solutions to these problems

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Date

27.12.2008 15:56:22

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Date

22. 2.2013 12:09:50

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Abstract

This paper analyses the development of the knowledge structures-Web directories, thesauri, and gateways/portals-as they are presented on the Internet as aids to information seeking. It identifies problems and suggests improvements.

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Abstract

Under the broad title Categories, Contexts and Relations in Knowledge Organization, 54 papers were presented in 12 categories. This analysis is based on the published volume. It also contains abstracts for 10 poster sessions but these will not be analysed here (Bericht über die Tagung mit einer Zusammenfassung der Vorträge).

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Content

This project to reconstruct and update the UDC Medicine Class (61) is an experiment in the ongoing development and revision of the Universal Decimal Classification as a whole. As part of that process, in 1988 the UDC Management Board recommended the establishment of a limited life Taskforce on UDC System Development to advise on the future development of UDC. That Taskforce recommended that a study be carried out to determine the feasibility of converting the system into a fully faceted classification. It was decided that the best way to accomplish this would be to convert one class. Medicine (Class 61) was chosen for the experiment for two reasons. First, this class was a part of the system that most out of date and greatly in need of revision, and secondly, it presented an opportunity to test an approach to the subject matter which would be in be in keeping with modem methods of the study and practice of medicine. This project is a direct response to that recommendation. Phase 1 of the project is now complete and Phase 2 is underway. This paper describes Phase 1 and its findings. identifies problems still to be addressed and sets out the methodology for Phase 2.

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Abstract

Standardization of subject access to bibliographic information systems is an important factor in national and international networking, cooperation, and exchange of bibliographic data. Standards, guidelines, and rules are needed to ensure consistency and quality in the design, development and application of indexing languages to documents and their citations. This paper defines the terms "standards" and "guidelines" as they apply to subject analysis used in library catalogs and bibliographic databases. It identifies and discusses the most important national and international "standards" that influence subject access to bibliographic data. Included are the tools of subject cataloging which have become standards in their own right, as well as formally prepared and approved guidelines. Each "standard" or "guideline" is described in terms of its origins, characteristics, and control and its importance in the design of bibliographic retrieval systems. Emphasis is given to the importance of the relationship between alphabetic and systematic access.

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Content

Darin auch Berichte über die deutschen Beiträge: "The third paper by Magda Heiner-Freiling, of the Deutsche Bibliothek and Patrice Landry of the Swiss National Library focuses on "The Use of the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) for the Organization of the National Bibliographies: Switzerland and Germany/Austria." It discusses the reasons that led to the use of DDC for this purpose, and deals with the difficulties of adopting a common approach using the Second Dewey Summary (100 divisions). It also describes the challenges for the three libraries of incorporating German requirements into the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie. Their concerns have been brought about by the introduction of national bibliographies to the web environment and the need to "undertake studies on how to bring electronic documents under bibliographic control." The issues were intensified by the need to arrange national bibliographies in a "userfriendly" way and to ensure efficient subject access to records. In addition there had been "a long-standing IFLA and UNESCO recommendation to arrange bibliography according to an international classification scheme." These events provided the background for the decision by the three libraries to work together to produce a common Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) arrangement for the national bibliographies of Austria, Germany and Switzerland. The position of each library is described. The Swiss National Library undertook a major reorganization of its operations and structures which included a study to select a classification scheme for its collection - a study which also looked at the national bibliography. For the Swiss national bibliography, this evaluation led to the replacement of an indexing system based on UDC with the Dewey Second Summary (100 Divisions) with modifications for Swiss history and geography. In 2004 Die Deutsche Bibliothek (DDB) decided "to use a new scheme based on DDC" for the new Deutsche Nationalbibliografie (DNB) and the Austrian national bibliography followed suit in the same year. These moves can be attributed to two factors. The first was the impending publication of a German translation of DDC. Secondly, since 1982 the three libraries had been using two different systems, a situation that placed constraints on the exchange of data for use by the bibliographies. There was growing international acceptance of DDC and the change to DDC would improve bibliographic services and facilitate cooperation with foreign national libraries.
Originally, it was decided that the Dewey Second Summary (100 Divisions) would be a suitable level of access for the bibliography and that the standard DDC organization should be used. In many cases there was a good match between DDC and the former subject categories, in all fields of science and in subjects where literary warrant was high However this was not suitable throughout. Among the areas cited as problems are some of the places where UDC and DDC differ (e.g. the 800s). With respect to music, a deeper level of division than the Dewey outline was needed (specifically in 782 and 784-788 sections on printed and recorded music). In 2002 and 2003 an analysis of the distribution of documents with the 100 Divisions was conducted. Documents were not spread evenly in all classes and while some classes could be merged, others could benefit for the use of more specific numbers. Also, there were discipline based problems, for example in the melding of all branches of engineering. As well, there was a lack of correspondence with modern disciplines such as engineering, electronics, mechanical engineering and environmental technology which had been separate subject categories prior to 2004. Another troublesome discipline was archaeology. Moreover the Second Summary level introduced in 2004 proved to be too broad and would not satisfy users' bibliographic needs. In some cases, in classes containing a variety of topics, subtopics were invisible (e.g. 790 Sports, games and entertainment). As a result, beginning in 2006 the DNB will use full DDC notations. However, the problem would not be insurmountable. The authors concluded that - the cooperation was an interesting are rewarding experience. Ultimately each national - library could adjust and adapt the classification for its own needs and the work done was a good basis for further developments Further, it strengthened support for the German version of DDC to be published in 2006."

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Footnote

Conclusion A scan of this summary indicates that the conference indeed presented a varied program. Overall perhaps there were fewer papers that were precisely focused than those presented at previous conferences. However, collectively the goals focused on theories, tools and methods for improving existing systems or designing alternative approaches. It is inevitable that some topics, such as metadata, permeate the whole conference and have implications for areas of research. Other topics that constantly appear are related to vocabulary and language - ontologies, classification, semantics, etc. Always striking are the papers originating in other disciplines such as nursing and business, whose authors are seeking to use the theories and practices of knowledge organization as models for organization and processes in those disciplines. This is a positive sign demonstrating the potential for generalizing theories and methodologies for knowledge organization to other disciplines. There was one "orphan" paper on library and information science education. True, the theme was global learning, but in a different sense. Another unusual inclusion was three papers dealing with FRBR. One was a report of activities the IFLA Working Group and not research per se, but the other two were on subject authority control, which was more germane to the nature of ISKO conferences. It is inevitable that specific topics become scattered. A precise topic can be dealt with from many points of view, placing papers on the same topic in different categories. There is nothing wrong with this but a good index would counter the scatter and aid readers in use of these proceedings. Nevertheless, despite a few shortcomings this volume is a valuable addition to the research agenda of KO.