Search (17 results, page 1 of 1)

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Abstract

Pauline Atherton Cochrane has been contributing to library and information science for fifty years. Think of it-from mid-century to the millennium, from ENIAC (practically) to Internet 11 (almost here). What a time to be in our field! Her work an indexing, subject access, and the user-oriented approach had immediate and sustained impact, and she continues to be one of our most heavily cited authors (see, JASIS, 49[4], 327-55) and most beloved personages. This introduction includes a few words about my own experiences with Pauline as well as a short summary of the contributions that make up this tribute. A review of the curriculum vita provided at the end of this publication Shows that Pauline Cochrane has been involved in a wide variety of work. As Marcia Bates points out in her note (See below), Pauline was (and is) a role model, but I will always think of her as simply the best teacher 1 ever had. In 1997, I entered the University of Illinois Graduate School of Library and Information Science as a returning mid-life student; my previous doctorate had not led to a full-time job and I was re-tooling. I was not sure what 1 would find in library school, and the introductory course attended by more than 100 students from widely varied backgrounds had not yet convinced me I was in the right place. Then, one day, Pauline gave a guest lecture an the digital library in my introductory class. I still remember it. She put up some notes-a few words clustered an the blackboard with some circles and directional arrows-and then she gave a free, seemingly extemporaneous, but riveting narrative. She set out a vision for ideal information exchange in the digital environment but noted a host of practical concerns, issues, and potential problems that required (demanded!) continued human intervention. The lecture brought that class and the entire semester's work into focus; it created tremendous excitement for the future of librarianship. 1 saw that librarians and libraries would play an active role. I was in the right place.

Date

22. 9.1997 19:16:05

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Footnote

Rez. in: FR, Nr.125 vom 31.5.2001, S.22 (S. Hanuschek)

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Date

26.12.2007 14:22:47

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Source

Password. 2002, H.6, S.22-25

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Date

15. 2.2007 19:00:22

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Date

16.12.2001 14:01:22

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Abstract

Gerard Salton is often credited with developing the vector space model (VSM) for information retrieval (IR). Citations to Salton give the impression that the VSM must have been articulated as an IR model sometime between 1970 and 1975. However, the VSM as it is understood today evolved over a longer time period than is usually acknowledged, and an articulation of the model and its assumptions did not appear in print until several years after those assumptions had been criticized and alternative models proposed. An often cited overview paper titled "A Vector Space Model for Information Retrieval" (alleged to have been published in 1975) does not exist, and citations to it represent a confusion of two 1975 articles, neither of which were overviews of the VSM as a model of information retrieval. Until the late 1970s, Salton did not present vector spaces as models of IR generally but rather as models of specific computations. Citations to the phantom paper reflect an apparently widely held misconception that the operational features and explanatory devices now associated with the VSM must have been introduced at the same time it was first proposed as an IR model.

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Footnote

Rez. in: KO 33(2006) no.2, S. 120-121 (S. Ducheyne): "To the readers of this journal the founding founder of bibliography and information science, the Belgian Paul Otlet (1868-1944), ground-layer of the Universal Decimal Classification, anticipator of multimedia, virtual libraries, and the Internet, and co-inventor of the microfilm or, as it was originally called, "le Bibliophote" (p. 107) (an achievement he shares together with Robert Goldschmidt), scarcely needs introduction. Françoise Levie's new biography of Otlet embodies the research she has started with the production of the documentary of the same name (Sofidoc, 2002, 60 min.). It is impossible to give a chapter-bychapter overview of this informatively dense and beautifully illustrated book, which consists of twenty chapters, a concluding piece by Benoît Peeters, a very useful list and description of the pivotal figures in Otlet's life, and a list containing the locations of the sources consulted (an index is, unfortunately, not provided). I will therefore restrict myself by pointing to Levie's innovative contributions to our knowledge of Otlet and to topics that are of genuine interest to the readers of this journal. Levie's book is the result of a fascinating, worldwide quest into the remains of Otlet's work and his international connections. Ever since W Boyd Rayward's monumental 1975 The Universe of Information: The Work of Paul Otlet for Documentation and International Organization (Moscow: VINITI), this book is the second systematic survey of the Collections of the Mundaneum (now, after various peregrinations, preserved at Bergen/Mons, Belgium) (cf. pp. 339-340), which contains Otlet's private documents, the "Otletaneum". Sixty-eight unopened banana boxes were the main source of inspirations for Levie's research. Of special interest in this respect is Levie's discovery of Otlet's 1916 diary "le Cahier Blue". As these boxes were, at the time Levie conducted her research, not classified and as they were thereafter re-divided and re-classified, precise references to this collection are not provided and the text is simply quoted during the course of the book (p. 339). While this is perfectly understandable, I would have welcomed exact references to Otlet's main works such as, for instance, Traité de documentation and Monde, Essai d'universalisme which are also quoted without supplying further details.
(pp. 267-277). In chapter 5 (pp. 75-89), Levie discusses Otlet's interest in urbanism (also see, p. 147 ff) and recounts how in Westende he built from scratch a complete coastal village, a kind of miniutopia, in close collaboration with the architects Octave Van Rysselberghe and Henry Van de Velde (unfortunately, it was destroyed in 1914). In close connection to their pacifist ideals, Otlet and his Nobelprize winning co-worker Lafontaine sought to realize a World City and in 1911 saw their ambitions shared by the joint work of the French architect Ernest Hébrard and the American-Norwegian sculptor Hendrik Anderson (pp. 128-141). Later, in the late 1920s, Otlet joined forces with Le Corbusier to establish such a world-centre (pp. 229-247, a 1930 letter of Le Corbusier to Otlet on this matter is reproduced on pages 234-235). In his later moments of desperation, Otlet called on virtually every major political leader, including Mussolini, Franco, and Hitler to achieve this goal (pp. 217-218, p. 294). In these chapters related to architecture, Levie draws extensively on previously unstudied correspondence and adds much detail to our knowledge of Otlet's explorations in this area. In several other chapters, Levie documents in great detail the less unknown rise and downfall of Otlet's "Mondial Palace" (which was inaugurated in 1919) (chapters 12-14 and 16). Looking back on Otlet's endeavours it is not difficult to realize that many of his "utopian" ideas were realized in the course of history. Levie's unique work represents a most welcome update of our knowledge of Otlet. It bears direct relevance for historians of information science and bibliography and historians of architecture, but will, no doubt, attract many scholars from other disciplines, as it places Otlet against the background of several important historical trends and as it is very accessibly written. I take it that publishers are already preparing an English edition of this work - or else, they should be. I wholeheartedly agree with Levie's conclusion that we haven't finished discovering Otlet's work (p. 318)."

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Abstract

Margaret Egan (1905-59) taught at the Graduate Library School of the University of Chicago (1946-55) and at the School of Library Science at Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio (1955-59). With her colleague Jesse Shera, Egan wrote "Foundations of a Theory of Bibliography" for Library Quarterly in 1952; this article marked the first appearance of the term "social epistemology." After Egan's death, Shera has often been credited for the idea of social epistemology. However, there is ample evidence to show that it was Egan who originated the concept-one that is commonly viewed as fundamental to the theoretical foundations of library and information science.

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Abstract

This article explores the debates among library science educators in the decade prior to the publication of the Williamson Report in 1923. It explores the lives and work of three prominent California library administrators and educational pioneers: Everett Perry at the Los Angeles Public Library, Joseph Daniels at the Riverside Public Library, and James Gillis, California State Librarian. Perry, Daniels, and Gillis developed innovative and distinctive library training programs at their respective institutions, and in the process they engaged in vigorous, often contentious, correspondence over their educational philosophies and goals and how library education should develop in the future. Their debates reflected current issues in the emerging profession, while their actions prefigured many of the recommendations of the Williamson Report, most notably the transferal of library training to the university. While none of these pioneering library science programs in California have survived, they represent a critical stage in the professionalization and legitimization of library science as an academic discipline.

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Content

"Am 22. April jährte sich zum 150. Mal der Geburtstag von Henri Marie La Fontaine (1854-1943) aus Brüssel, einem der bedeutendsten europäischen Friedensaktivisten aus der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts, 1913 ausgezeichnet mit dem Friedensnobelpreis. Den Veteranen der Dokumentationsbewegung wird der Name auch heute noch etwas sagen, waren es doch La Fontaine und sein Freund Paul Otlet, die 1892 das Office International de Bibliographie (OIB) gründeten; getragen von der Idee einer weltweiten universalen Gesamtdokumentation. Mit der Anerkennung des OIB durch die belgische Regierung und der Gründung des Institut International de Bibliographie (IIB) im gleichen Jahr nimmt die moderne Dokumentationsbewegung ihren Lauf. Aus dem IIB wird 1931 das Institut International de Documentation (IID) und 1937 die Fédération Internationale de Documentation (FID); die Dezimalklassifikation (DK) wird zum Ordnungssystem der Universaldokumentation erklärt. Die Anerkennung und Förderung durch die belgische Regierung hatte einen realen Hintergrund. La Fontaine war seit 1894 sozialistischer Abgeordneter im belgischen Parlament - seit 1893 auch Professor für Internationales Recht in Brüssel - und hatte sich schon als junger Anwalt kompromisslos mit Fragen der Friedenserhaltung befasst. Es war nur folgerichtig, dass er zu der Erkenntnis gelangte, dass Dokumentation -und damit Information-ein notweniges und damit unverzichtbares Werkzeug zur Völkerverständigung ist. Die Beschäftigung mit der Dokumentation hat aber auch auf seine internationalen Aktivitäten zurückgewirkt. So ist die Idee zur Gründung einer Union der internationalen Organisationen (1907) bei seiner Arbeit im IIB entstanden, das "Yearbook of International Organizations" ist eine Folge davon. La Fontaine war ein überaus vielseitiger Politiker und Jurist. Die Liste seiner Interessen ist lang: Präsident des Internationalen Friedensbüros von 1907 bis an sein Lebensende, belgischer Delegierter bei Friedenskonferenzen; er befasste sich mit Fragen der Abrüstung, der Gründung eines Zusammenschlusses der Nationalstaaten wie der eines Weltgerichtshofs. Und nicht zuletzt setzte er sich für die Rechte der Frauen und den Achtstundenarbeitstag ein. Er war im wahrsten Sinne ein Initiator auf vielen Gebieten. Dass La Fontaine vergessen wurde, hat sicher viele Gründe: Viele seiner Ideen sind heute banale Wirklichkeit. Während der Zeit des nationalsozialistischen Regimes, in der sich die Dokumentation in Deutschland weitgehend formierte und die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentation 1941 entstand, war er eine Unperson, deren Namen man nicht nannte. Und schließlich: Dokumentation war für ihn nur ein Werkzeug, weder Ideologie, noch Wissenschaft, noch Geschäft, es lohnt sich, daran zu erinnern."

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Content

"Eben erreicht uns eine traurige Nachricht aus der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek in Frankfurt am Main: "Magda Heiner-Freiling, die Leiterin der Sacherschließungsabteilung der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek am Standort Frankfurt am Main, ist am 22. Juli 2007 im Alter von 57 Jahren während ihres Urlaubs tödlich verunglückt. Nach ihrem 1. Staatsexamen in den Fächern Deutsch, Englisch und Erziehungswissenschaften sowie weiteren Studien in den Fächern neuere deutsche Literaturwissenschaft, wissenschaftliche Politik und europäische Ethnologie begann 1974 ihr bibliothekarischer Werdegang als Bibliotheksreferendarin bei der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek in Frankfurt am Main. Dort übernahm sie vor zwei Jahren die Leitung der Abteilung Sacherschließung. Im nationalen und im internationalen Bibliothekswesen war Magda Heiner-Freiling als exzellente Expertin bekannt und geschätzt. Schon die RSWK-Einführung in den achtziger Jahren hatte sie mit großem Engagement begleitet, die Übersetzung und Einführung der DDC im deutschsprachigen Bibliothekswesen wäre ohne Magda Heiner-Freiling nicht möglich gewesen. Sie wird uns als Expertin, Kollegin und als Mensch sehr fehlen." Frau Heiner-Freiling habe ich persönlich nicht nur als engagierte und umsichtige Leiterin der "Expertengruppe DDC" während des gesamten Übersetzungsprojekts DDC Deutsch und der Einführung der DDC im deutschsprachigen Raum kennen gelernt. Wie alle anderen EG-Mitglieder habe ich ihre überaus wohltuende Art, unsere Sitzungen vorzubereiten und zu leiten immer geschätzt und ihr diplomatisches Geschick, gepaart mit großer Professionalität und mit charmantem Durchsetzungsvermögen, bewundert. Damit vermochte sie mit uns auch die ärgsten Klippen zu umschiffen und hat alle Beteiligten immer wieder von neuem motiviert.

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Abstract

Lionel McColvin (1896-1976) is regarded as one of the most influential figures in the history of British librarianship. In the specific context of 150 years of public librarianship in Britain, his reputation as a visionary influence is second only to that of the nineteenth-century pioneer Edward Edwards, while in the twentieth century his reputation is unsurpassed. McColvin was the major voice in the mid-twentieth-century movement to reconstruct and modernize public libraries. He is best known as author of The Public Library System of Great Britain: A Report on Its Present Condition with Proposals for Post-war Reorganization, published in 1942 at a moment of intense wartime efforts to assemble plans for social and economic reconstruction. The "McColvin Report," as it came to be termed, was a landmark in the struggle to de-Victorianize the public library, not least by emphasizing the institution's universalism and its function as a national, not just a civic, agency. This article briefly describes McColvin's notable contribution to twentieth-century librarianship, resulting from his work as a public librarian, as a leading figure in the Library Association, and as an influential player in the international library movement. The article's core aim is to offer a critical appraisal of McColvin's vision for public libraries by placing it in the context of the project to build a better postwar world. This project was defined by the conceptualization and development of a welfare state in Britain, the underlying values of which can be seen to correspond to McColvin's national plan for a rejuvenated public library system. McColvin drew on the spirit of the time to produce a plan for public libraries that was shot through with social idealism and commitment and with a confidence in the need for intervention by the state-values that perhaps provide lessons for current and future library and information policymakers and professionals.

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Content

"Magda Heiner-Freiling, die Leiterin der Abteilung Sacherschließung am Frankfurter Standort der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek, ist am 22. Juli 2007 im Alter von 57 Jahren während ihres Urlaubs tödlich verunglückt. Sie wird in unserer Erinnerung weiterleben als Kollegin, deren enormes Fachwissen wir ebenso schätzten wie ihre warmherzige Sorge um das Wohlergehen ihrer Kollegen und Mitarbeiter. Sie war eine exzellente Expertin und engagierte Bibliothekarin und sie war dabei vor allem auch eine herzliche, immer hilfsbereite, sich für andere notfalls auch kämpferisch einsetzende, mitfühlende Kollegin und Vorgesetzte. Magda Heiner-Freiling verband, integrierte, schaffte Nähe und Vertrautheit nicht nur in ihrer unmittelbaren Umgebung, sondern mühelos auch über geografische Entfernungen hinweg. Ihren Kampfgeist, ihre Loyalität, ihre soziale Kompetenz, ihre Begeisterungsfähigkeit und ihre erfrischende Direktheit habe ich vor allem in den vergangenen zwei Jahren geschätzt, in denen sie mir als Abteilungsleiterin gegenübersaß. Nach ihrem 1. Staatsexamen in den Fächern Deutsch, Englisch und Erziehungswissenschaften sowie weiteren Studien in den Fächern Neuere deutsche Literaturwissenschaft, wissenschaftliche Politik und europäische Ethnologie an der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität in Mainz und an der Philipps-Universität in Marburg begann 1974 ihr bibliothekarischer Werdegang als Bibliotheksreferendarin bei der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek in Frankfurt am Main. 1976 legte sie die bibliothekarische Staatsprüfung für den höheren Dienst an wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken an der Bibliotheksschule Frankfurt am Main ab. Neben ihrer Tätigkeit als Fachreferentin hat Magda Heiner-Freiling von der ersten Stunde an bei der RSWK-Entwicklung mitgearbeitet. Sie betreute die Belange der öffentlichen Bibliotheken mit großem Engagement und führte Anfang der neunziger Jahre die »Expertengruppe Erschließung für Kinder- und Jugendliteratur, Belletristik, Schul- und Berufsschulbücher«; auch hat sie sich viele Jahre in die Arbeit der Expertengruppe RSWK/SWD eingebracht. Ihrem ausgeprägten Interesse für das Andere, für andere Sprachen, andere Kulturen, entsprach ihr besonderes Interesse für die internationale Klassifikationspraxis und -theorie und den multilingualen Ansatz von Normvokabularien. Sie war von 1994 bis 2000 Mitglied des IFLA-Gremiums »Section on Classification and Indexing / Standing Committee« und hat diese Arbeit immer mit großer Begeisterung gemacht. Darüber hinaus hat sie in den IFLA Working Groups »Working Group of Anonymous Classics«, »Working Group on Guidelines for Multilingual Thesauri« und »Working Group >Survey on Subject Heading Languages in National Bibliographies<« aktiv mitgearbeitet.

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Abstract

Purpose - This paper examines William Stetson Merrill, the compiler of A Code for Classifiers and a Newberry Library employee (1889-1930) in an attempt to glean lessons for modern information studies from an early librarian's career. Design/methodology/approach - Merrill's career at the Newberry Library and three editions of the code are briefly examined using historical, bibliographic, and conceptual methods. Primary and secondary sources in archives and libraries are summarized to provide insight into Merrill's attempts to develop or modify tools to solve the knowledge organization problems he faced. The concept of bricolage, developed by Levi-Strauss to explain modalities of thinking, is applied to Merrill's career. Excerpts from his works and reminisces are used to explain Merrill as a bricoleur and highlight the characteristics of bricolage. Findings - Findings show that Merrill worked collaboratively to collocate and integrate a variety of ideas from a diverse group of librarians such as Cutter, Pettee, Poole, Kelley, Rudolph, and Fellows. Bliss and Ranganathan were aware of the code but the extent to which they were influenced by it remains to be explored. Although this is an anachronistic evaluation, Merrill serves as an example of the archetypal information scientist who improvises and integrates methods from bibliography, cataloging, classification, and indexing to solve problems of information retrieval and design usable information products and services for human consumption. Originality/value - Bricolage offers great potential to information practitioners and researchers today as we continue to try and find user-centered solutions to the problems of digital information organization and services.

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Abstract

This book tells the story of Emanuel Goldberg, a chemist, inventor, and industrialist who contributed to almost every aspect of imaging technology in the first half of the 20th century. An incredible story emerges as Buckland unearths forgotten documents and rogue citations to show that Goldberg created the first desktop search engine, developed microdot technology, and designed the famous Contax 35 mm camera. It is a fascinating tribute to a great mind and a crucial period in the history of information science and technology.

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Source

Frankfurter Rundschau. Nr.125 vom 31.5.2001, S.22