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Content

What is metadata? - Metadata schemas & their relationships to particular communities - Library and information-related metadata schemas - Creating library metadata for monographic materials - Creating library metadata for continuing materials - Integrating library metadata into local cataloging and bibliographic - databases - Digital collections/digital libraries - Archiving & preserving digital materials - Impact of digital resources on library services - Future possibilities

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST. 58(2007) no.6., S.909-910 (A.D. Petrou): "A division in metadata definitions for physical objects vs. those for digital resources offered in Chapter 1 is punctuated by the use of broader, more inclusive metadata definitions, such as data about data as well as with the inclusion of more specific metadata definitions intended for networked resources. Intertwined with the book's subject matter, which is to "distinguish traditional cataloguing from metadata activity" (5), the authors' chosen metadata definition is also detailed on page 5 as follows: Thus while granting the validity of the inclusive definition, we concentrate primarily on metadata as it is most commonly thought of both inside and outside of the library community, as "structured information used to find, access, use and manage information resources primarily in a digital environment." (International Encyclopedia of Information and Library Science, 2003) Metadata principles discussed by the authors include modularity, extensibility, refinement and multilingualism. The latter set is followed by seven misconceptions about metadata. Two types of metadata discussed are automatically generated indexes and manually created records. In terms of categories of metadata, the authors present three sets of them as follows: descriptive, structural, and administrative metadata. Chapter 2 focuses on metadata for communities of practice, and is a prelude to content in Chapter 3 where metadata applications, use, and development are presented from the perspective of libraries. Chapter 2 discusses the emergence and impact of metadata on organization and access of online resources from the perspective of communities for which such standards exist and for the need for mapping one standard to another. Discussion focuses on metalanguages, such as Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) and eXtensible Markup Language (XML), "capable of embedding descriptive elements within the document markup itself' (25). This discussion falls under syntactic interoperability. For semantic interoperability, HTML and other mark-up languages, such as Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) and Computer Interchange of Museum Information (CIMI), are covered. For structural interoperability, Dublin Core's 15 metadata elements are grouped into three areas: content (title, subject, description, type, source, relation, and coverage), intellectual property (creator, publisher, contributor and rights), and instantiation (date, format, identifier, and language) for discussion.
Other selected specialized metadata element sets or schemas, such as Government Information Locator Service (GILS), are presented. Attention is brought to the different sets of elements and the need for linking up these elements across metadata schemes from a semantic point of view. It is no surprise, then, that after the presentation of additional specialized sets of metadata from the educational community and the arts sector, attention is turned to the discussion of Crosswalks between metadata element sets or the mapping of one metadata standard to another. Finally, the five appendices detailing elements found in Dublin Core, GILS, ARIADNE versions 3 and 3. 1, and Categories for the Description of Works of Art are an excellent addition to this chapter's focus on metadata and communities of practice. Chapters 3-6 provide an up-to-date account of the use of metadata standards in Libraries from the point of view of a community of practice. Some of the content standards included in these four chapters are AACR2, Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), and Library of Congress Subject Classification. In addition, uses of MARC along with planned implementations of the archival community's encoding scheme, EAD, are covered in detail. In a way, content in these chapters can be considered as a refresher course on the history, current state, importance, and usefulness of the above-mentioned standards in Libraries. Application of the standards is offered for various types of materials, such as monographic materials, continuing resources, and integrating library metadata into local catalogs and databases. A review of current digital library projects takes place in Chapter 7. While details about these projects tend to become out of date fast, the sections on issues and problems encountered in digital projects and successes and failures deserve any reader's close inspection. A suggested model is important enough to merit a specific mention below, in a short list format, as it encapsulates lessons learned from issues, problems, successes, and failures in digital projects. Before detailing the model, however, the various projects included in Chapter 7 should be mentioned. The projects are: Colorado Digitization Project, Cooperative Online Resource Catalog (an Office of Research project by OCLC, Inc.), California Digital Library, JSTOR, LC's National Digital Library Program and VARIATIONS.
Chapter 8 discusses issues of archiving and preserving digital materials. The chapter reiterates, "What is the point of all of this if the resources identified and catalogued are not preserved?" (Gorman, 2003, p. 16). Discussion about preservation and related issues is organized in five sections that successively ask why, what, who, how, and how much of the plethora of digital materials should be archived and preserved. These are not easy questions because of media instability and technological obsolescence. Stakeholders in communities with diverse interests compete in terms of which community or representative of a community has an authoritative say in what and how much get archived and preserved. In discussing the above-mentioned questions, the authors once again provide valuable information and lessons from a number of initiatives in Europe, Australia, and from other global initiatives. The Draft Charter on the Preservation of the Digital Heritage and the Guidelines for the Preservation of Digital Heritage, both published by UNESCO, are discussed and some of the preservation principles from the Guidelines are listed. The existing diversity in administrative arrangements for these new projects and resources notwithstanding, the impact on content produced for online reserves through work done in digital projects and from the use of metadata and the impact on levels of reference services and the ensuing need for different models to train users and staff is undeniable. In terms of education and training, formal coursework, continuing education, and informal and on-the-job training are just some of the available options. The intensity in resources required for cataloguing digital materials, the questions over the quality of digital resources, and the threat of the new digital environment to the survival of the traditional library are all issues quoted by critics and others, however, who are concerned about a balance for planning and resources allocated for traditional or print-based resources and newer digital resources. A number of questions are asked as part of the book's conclusions in Chapter 10. Of these questions, one that touches on all of the rest and upon much of the book's content is the question: What does the future hold for metadata in libraries? Metadata standards are alive and well in many communities of practice, as Chapters 2-6 have demonstrated. The usefulness of metadata continues to be high and innovation in various elements should keep information professionals engaged for decades to come. There is no doubt that metadata have had a tremendous impact in how we organize information for access and in terms of who, how, when, and where contact is made with library services and collections online. Planning and commitment to a diversity of metadata to serve the plethora of needs in communities of practice are paramount for the continued success of many digital projects and for online preservation of our digital heritage."

LCSH

Digital preservation
Digital libraries

Series

Library and information science text series

Subject

Digital preservation
Digital libraries

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Abstract

Design and Usability of Digital Libraries: Case Studies in the Asia Pacific showcases some of the best digital library practices from organizations in the Asia Pacific. Particular emphasis has been placed on the design, use and usability of digital libraries. Not only are digital libraries examined, but related technologies, the management of knowledge in digital libraries, and the associated usability and social issues surrounding digital libraries are all examined. Design and Usability of Digital Libraries will benefit practitioners, researchers, educators and policy makers from a variety of disciplines. In particular developers/designers of digital libraries, librarians, users and researchers will all find this collection of case studies a valuable tool to understanding digital libraries.

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.1, S.152-153 (J.P. Bolstad): "Over the past decade, digital library research and technology have evolved and progressed rapidly. The desire to create new and better digital library systems has inspired researchers and academics worldwide to join forces and work together to develop more efficient and user-friendly technologies. Primarily inspired by ideas presented at the Fourth International Conference on Asian Digital Libraries, which was held in 2002 in Singapore, this book illustrates a selection of diverse digital library systems that have been created in recent years, as researchers have continued to further their ideas about new developments and trends in digital libraries. In Design and Usability of Digital Libraries, the editors, Theng and Foo, compile a collection of 20 valuable case studies written by various researchers. These case studies address not only the successes that have been achieved in improving digital library research and technology, but also the problems and failures that have been discovered. Thus, researchers can perhaps learn from the errors that have occurred in these case studies and prevent the same mistakes from happening in the future. This book also demonstrates the large amount of collaboration that has occurred among various research groups throughout different countries in the Asia Pacific region. The representation of such diverse perspectives from different places is what makes the book interesting because it is particularly enlightening to read about what other countries have developed in terms of digital libraries. In general, the book is organized uniformly and is easy to follow. Each chapter represents one case study and the order of the chapters makes complete sense, as the text flows smoothly from beginning to end. The first chapter begins with a basic history of digital libraries, which helps to familiarize readers with the concept of what a digital library is and provides a brief introduction to how digital libraries came to be. The next few chapters touch on such topics as the design architecture and systems of digital libraries, implementation issues and challenges when designing digital libraries, use and impact of these libraries in societies, considerations that need to be taken into account regarding users and usability, as well as projections of future trends of digital libraries. The editors brilliantly piece together all of the chapters to make the entire book cohesive.
The chapters are generally less than 20 pages, which allows for concise presentations of each case study. Each chapter contains, more or less, a brief abstract, introduction, related works section, methodology section, conclusion, and references. The chapters are further categorized into six thematic sections. Section I focuses on the history of digital libraries in the Asia Pacific. Section II, composed of four chapters, focuses on the design architecture and systems of digital libraries. The next five chapters, in section III, examine challenges in implementing digital library systems. This section is particularly interesting because issues such as multicultural and multilingual barriers are discussed. Section IV is about the use of and impact of digital libraries in a society. All four chapters in this section emphasize improvements that need to be made to digital libraries regarding different types of users. Particularly important is chapter 14, which discusses digital libraries and their effects on youth. The conclusion of this case study revealed that digital libraries need to support peer learning, as there are many social benefits for youth from interacting with peers. Section V, which focuses on users and usability, consists of five chapters. This section relates directly to the implementation challenges that are mentioned in section III, providing specific examples of cross-cultural issues among users that need to be taken into consideration. In addition, section V discusses the differences in media types and the difficulties with transforming these resources into digital formats. For example, chapter 18, which is about designing a music digital library, demonstrates the difficulties in selecting from the numerous types of technologies that can be used to digitize library collections. Finally, the chapter in section VI discusses the future trends of digital libraries. The editors successfully present diverse perspectives about digital libraries, by including case studies performed in numerous different countries throughout the Asia Pacific region. Countries represented in the case studies include Indonesia, Taiwan, India, China, Singapore, New Zealand, Hong Kong, Philippines, Japan, and Malaysia. The diversity of the users in these countries helps to illustrate the numerous differences and similarities that digital library designers need to take into consideration in the future when developing a universal digital library system. In order to create a successful digital library system that can benefit all users, there must be a sense of balance in the technology used, and the authors of the case studies in this book have definitely proved that there are distinct barriers that need to be overcome in order to achieve this harmony.
Even though each chapter is short, the entire book covers a vast amount of information. This book is meant to provide an introductory sampling of issues discovered through various case studies, not provide an in-depth report on each of them. The references included at the end of each chapter are particularly helpful because they lead to more information about issues that the particular case study raises. By including a list of references at the end of each chapter, the authors want to encourage interested readers to pursue more about the topics presented. This book clearly offers many opportunities to explore issues on the same topics further. The appendix at the end of the book also contains additional useful information that readers might want to consult if they are interested in finding out more about digital libraries. Selected resources are provided in the form of a list that includes such topics as journal special issues, digital library conference proceedings, and online databases. A key issue that this book brings up is how to include different cultural materials in digital libraries. For example, in chapter 16, the concerns and issues surrounding Maori heritage materials are introduced. The terms and concepts used when classifying Maori resources are so delicate that the meaning behind them can completely change with even a slight variation. Preserving other cultures correctly is important, and researchers need to consider the consequences of any errors made during digitization of resources. Another example illustrating the importance of including information about different cultures is presented in chapter 9. The authors talk about the various different languages used in the world and suggest ways to integrate them into information retrieval systems. As all digital library researchers know, the ideal system would allow all users to retrieve results in their own languages. The authors go on to discuss a few approaches that can be taken to assist with overcoming this challenge.
Ultimately, the book emphasizes that universal access to a worldwide digital library is the common goal among all digital library designers. Being able to view the same information, no matter what format the material is in, is one of the next steps toward reaching this goal. This book also addresses various additional problems with designing and using digital libraries, such as pricing and costs, and the range of media types that currently exist. The writing styles differ from chapter to chapter because each is written by a different set of authors. In addition, the material in the chapters is presented quite diversely. For example, in chapter 5, the methodology section of the case study is explained in the form of mathematical equations, algorithms, and charts, and chapter 13 contains complex figures and diagrams, whereas on the other hand, chapter 16 is completely written in text. Although the different ways that the case studies are presented could be considered confusing to some, the entire book remains consistent and truly comes together as a whole because the chapters are organized so sensibly. Many figures, graphs, and tables are also provided throughout the chapters to guide readers visually. Particularly helpful are the sample screen shots of digital libraries in chapter 11. Here, readers can see exactly what would be seen when viewing a digital library catalog. In general, the language and style of the book are easy to understand, and any uncommon words and phrases are always clearly defined and explained. The authors mention that the book is primarily written for academics, college students, and practitioners who may want to learn more about the design and development of digital libraries. The authors do seem to target this audience because the language and writing style seem to be geared toward members of academia, although they may represent a wide variety of disciplines. As well, computer scientists and software developers who are interested in and have been researching digital libraries will find this book useful and applicable to their current research. In conclusion, this book provides a wide variation of case studies that prove to be informative to researchers interested in the development and future progress of digital libraries. In the information world that we live in today, digital libraries are becoming more and more prominent, and the case studies presented demonstrate that the vision for the future of digital libraries is to be able to include all types of materials, cultures, and languages within a single system. All in all, this book instills value to society and all members of the academic world can learn from it."

LCSH

Digital libraries / Case studies
Digital libraries / Case studies / Asia
Digital libraries / Case studies / Pacific Area

Subject

Digital libraries / Case studies
Digital libraries / Case studies / Asia
Digital libraries / Case studies / Pacific Area

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Content

Inhalt: KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION Towards a Future for Knowledge Organization Ingetraut Dahlberg Professor Neelameghan's Contribution to the Advancement and Development of Classification in the Context of Knowledge Organization Nancy J. Williamson Knowledge Orgnization System Over Time S. Seetharama The Facet Concept as a Universal Principle of Subdivisio Clare Beghtol Facet Analysis as a Knowledge Management Tool on the Internet Kathryn La Barre and Pauline Atherton Cochrane The Universal Decimal Classification: A Response to a Challenge I. C. Mellwaine Controlled Vocabularies as a Sphere of Influence Anita S. Coleman and Paul Bracke Aligning Systems of Relationship Rebecca Green and Carol A. Bean Terminologies, Ontologies and Information Access Widad Mustafa El Hadi SATSAN AUTOMATRIX Version 1 : A Computer Programme for Synthesis of Colon Class Number According to the Postulational Approach B. G. Satyapal and N. Sanjivini Satyapal. INTEROPERABILITY, DIGITAL LIBRARY AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL Interoperable Institutional Digital Research Repositories and Their Potential for Open Access Research Knowledge Management T. B. Rajashekar Boundary Objects and the Digital Library Michael Shepherd and Corolyn Watters A PFT-based Approach to Make CDS/ISIS Data based OAI-Compliant Francis Jayakanth and L. Aswath The changing Language Technology and CDS/ ISIS: UNICODE and the Emergence of OTF K. H. Hussain and J. S. Rajeev Text Mining in Biomedicine: Challenges and Opportunities Padmini Srinivasan Determining Authorship of Web Pages Timothy C. Craven
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN SPECIALIZED AREAS Information System for Knowledge Management in the Specialized Division of a Hospital M. C. Vasudevan; Murali Mohan and Amit Kapoor Five Laws of Information Service and Architecting Knowledge Infrastructure for Education and Development k. R. Srivathsan Documentation of Compositions in Carnatic Music: Need for and Utility of a Computerized Database K. S. Nagarajan Saint Tyagaraja CD: A Model for Knowledge Organization and Presentation of Classical Carnatic Music---T. N. Rajan The National Tuberculosis Institute, Bangalore; Recent Development in Library and Information Services Sudha S. Murthy Sri Ramakrishna Math Libraries: Computer Applications D.N. Nagaraja Rao Save the Time of the Godly: Information Mediator's Role in Promoting Spiritual and Religious Accommodation Mohamed Taher INFORMATION SOCIETY Information Society, Information Networks and National Development : An Overview P. B. Mangla Digital Divide in India-Narrowing the Gap: An Appraisal with Special Reference to Karnataka K. N. Prasad Future of the Book: Will the Printed Book Survive the Digital Age? K. A. Isaac Role of Traditional Librarianship in the Internet/Digital Era a. Ratnakar A New Paradigm of Education System for Reaching the Unreached Through Open and Distance Education with Special Reference to the Indian Initiative S. B. Ghosh Knowledge Workers of the New Millennium: An Instance of Interdisciplinary Exchange and Discovery Michael Medland
THE PERSON AND ASSOCIATED ORGANIZATIONS Professional Profile of Professor A. Neelameghan: Excerpts from Interview Sessions Hemalatha lyer A. Neelameghan and UNESCO: Contributions and Remembrances John Rose Studies and Research in Informetrics at the Documentation Research and Training Centre (DRTC) , ISI Bangalore I. K. Ravichandra Rao and Bibhuti Bhusan Sahoo Professor A. Neelameghan M. A . Gopinath A Salutation of Affection K.S. Deshpande Professor A. Neelameghan and the Sarada Ranganathan Endowment for Library Science K. N. Prasad

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Content

H. Frank Cervone: Linked data and user interaction : an introduction -- Paola Di Maio: Linked Data Beyond Libraries Towards Universal Interfaces and Knowledge Unification -- Emmanuelle Bermes: Following the user's flow in the Digital Pompidou -- Patrick Le Bceuf: Customized OPACs on the Semantic Web : the OpenCat prototype -- Ryan Shaw, Patrick Golden and Michael Buckland: Using linked library data in working research notes -- Timm Heuss, Bernhard Humm.Tilman Deuschel, Torsten Frohlich, Thomas Herth and Oliver Mitesser: Semantically guided, situation-aware literature research -- Niklas Lindstrom and Martin Malmsten: Building interfaces on a networked graph -- Natasha Simons, Arve Solland and Jan Hettenhausen: Griffith Research Hub. Vgl.: http://d-nb.info/1032799889.

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Abstract

In Digital Methods, Richard Rogers proposes a methodological outlook for social and cultural scholarly research on the Web that seeks to move Internet research beyond the study of online culture. It is not a toolkit for Internet research, or operating instructions for a software package; it deals with broader questions. How can we study social media to learn something about society rather than about social media use? How can hyperlinks reveal not just the value of a Web site but the politics of association? Rogers proposes repurposing Web-native techniques for research into cultural change and societal conditions. We can learn to reapply such "methods of the medium" as crawling and crowd sourcing, PageRank and similar algorithms, tag clouds and other visualizations; we can learn how they handle hits, likes, tags, date stamps, and other Web-native objects. By "thinking along" with devices and the objects they handle, digital research methods can follow the evolving methods of the medium. Rogers uses this new methodological outlook to examine the findings of inquiries into 9/11 search results, the recognition of climate change skeptics by climate-change-related Web sites, the events surrounding the Srebrenica massacre according to Dutch, Serbian, Bosnian, and Croatian Wikipedias, presidential candidates' social media "friends," and the censorship of the Iranian Web. With Digital Methods, Rogers introduces a new vision and method for Internet research and at the same time applies them to the Web's objects of study, from tiny particles (hyperlinks) to large masses (social media).

Content

The end of the virtual : digital methods -- The link and the politics of Web space -- The website as archived object -- Googlization and the inculpable engine -- Search as research -- National Web studies -- Social media and post-demographics -- Wikipedia as cultural reference -- After cyberspace : big data, small data.

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Abstract

Drawing on the research of experts from the fields of computing and library science, this ground-breaking work will show you how to combine two very different approaches to classification to create more effective, user-friendly information-retrieval systems. * Provides an interdisciplinary overview of current and potential approaches to organizing information by subject * Covers both pure computer science and pure library science topics in easy-to-understand language accessible to audiences from both disciplines * Reviews technological standards for representation, storage, and retrieval of varied knowledge-organization systems and their constituent elements * Suggests a collaborative approach that will reduce duplicate efforts and make it easier to find solutions to practical problems.

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LCSH

Library materials / Reproduction

Subject

Library materials / Reproduction

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Footnote

Vgl. die Rez. zu: Fowler, K.K. (Hrsg.): Using the mathematical literature. New York: Dekker 2004. 389 S. ISBN 0-8247-8971-7. (Books in library and information science; 66) in: Mathematical intelligencer 27(2005) no.2, S.80-81 (J.P. Ladwig u. E.B. Williams):

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Footnote

Rez. in: Journal of library automation 13(1980) S.289-290 (E. Svenonius)

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Abstract

The book's central thesis is that information literacy, information architecture, and usability are all critical components of this new world order. Hand in hand with that is the contention that only by planning and designing the best possible software, devices, and Internet, will we be able to maintain this connectivity in the future. Morville's book is highlighted with full color illustrations and rich examples that bring his prose to life. Ambient Findability doesn't preach or pretend to know all the answers. Instead, it presents research, stories, and examples in support of its novel ideas. Are w truly at a critical point in our evolution where the quality of our digital networks will dictate how we behave as a species? Is findability indeed the primary key to a successful global marketplace in the 21st century and beyond. Peter Morville takes you on a thought-provoking tour of these memes and more -- ideas that will not only fascinate but will stir your creativity in practical ways that you can apply to your work immediately.

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Footnote

Rez. in: Internet Professionell. 2000, H.2, S.22

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Abstract

Some web sites "work" and some don't. Good web site consultants know that you can't just jump in and start writing HTML, the same way you can't build a house by just pouring a foundation and putting up some walls. You need to know who will be using the site, and what they'll be using it for. You need some idea of what you'd like to draw their attention to during their visit. Overall, you need a strong, cohesive vision for the site that makes it both distinctive and usable. Information Architecture for the World Wide Web is about applying the principles of architecture and library science to web site design. Each web site is like a public building, available for tourists and regulars alike to breeze through at their leisure. The job of the architect is to set up the framework for the site to make it comfortable and inviting for people to visit, relax in, and perhaps even return to someday. Most books on web development concentrate either on the aesthetics or the mechanics of the site. This book is about the framework that holds the two together. With this book, you learn how to design web sites and intranets that support growth, management, and ease of use. Special attention is given to: * The process behind architecting a large, complex site * Web site hierarchy design and organization Information Architecture for the World Wide Web is for webmasters, designers, and anyone else involved in building a web site. It's for novice web designers who, from the start, want to avoid the traps that result in poorly designed sites. It's for experienced web designers who have already created sites but realize that something "is missing" from their sites and want to improve them. It's for programmers and administrators who are comfortable with HTML, CGI, and Java but want to understand how to organize their web pages into a cohesive site. The authors are two of the principals of Argus Associates, a web consulting firm. At Argus, they have created information architectures for web sites and intranets of some of the largest companies in the United States, including Chrysler Corporation, Barron's, and Dow Chemical.

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Content

Enthält die Beiträge: 1. Wissensgesellschaft Michael NIEHAUS: Durch ein Meer von Unwägbarkeiten - Metaphorik in der Wissensgesellschaft S.3 Karsten WEBER: Aufgaben für eine (globale) Wissensgesellschaft oder "Welcome to the new IT? S.9 Katy TEUBENER: Chronos & Kairos. Inhaltsorganisation und Zeitkultur im Internet S.22 Klaus KRAEMER: Wissen und Nachhaltigkeit. Wissensasymmetrien als Problem einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung S.30 2. Lehre und Lernen Gehard BUDIN: Wissensorganisation als Gestaltungsprinzip virtuellen Lernens - epistemische, kommunikative und methodische Anforderungen S.39 Christan SWERTZ: Webdidaktik: Effiziente Inhaltsproduktion für netzbasierte Trainings S.49 Ingrid LOHMANN: Cognitive Mapping im Cyberpunk - Uber Postmoderne und die Transformation eines für so gut wie tot erklärten Literaturgenres zum Bildungstitel S.54 Rudolf W. KECK, Stefanie KOLLMANN, Christian RITZI: Pictura Paedagogica Online - Konzeption und Verwirklichung S.65 Jadranka LASIC-LASIC, Aida SLAVIC, Mihaela BANEK: Gemeinsame Ausbildung der IT Spezialisten an der Universität Zagreb: Vorteile und Probleme S.76 3. Informationsdesign und Visualisierung Maximilian EIBL, Thomas MANDL: Die Qualität von Visualisierungen: Eine Methode zum Vergleich zweidimensionaler Karten S.89 Udo L. FIGGE: Technische Anleitungen und der Erwerb kohärenten Wissens S.116 Monika WITSCH: Ästhetische Zeichenanalyse - eine Methode zur Analyse fundamentalistischer Agitation im Internet S.123 Oliver GERSTHEIMER, Christian LUPP: Systemdesign - Wissen um den Menschen: Bedürfnisorientierte Produktentwicklung im Mobile Business S.135 Philip ZERWECK: Mehrdimensionale Ordnungssysteme im virtuellen Raum anhand eines Desktops S.141