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Abstract

Looking at knowledge as a shared resource: experts discuss how to define, protect, and build the knowledge commons in the digital age. Knowledge in digital form offers unprecedented access to information through the Internet but, at the same time, is subject to ever-greater restrictions through intellectual property legislation, overpatenting, licensing, overpricing, and lack of preservation. Looking at knowledge as a commons - as a shared resource - allows us to understand both its limitless possibilities and what threatens it. In "Understanding Knowledge as a Commons", experts from a range of disciplines discuss the knowledge commons in the digital era - how to conceptualize it, protect it, and build it. Contributors consider the concept of the commons historically and offer an analytical framework for understanding knowledge as a shared social-ecological system. They look at ways to guard against enclosure of the knowledge commons, considering, among other topics, the role of research libraries, the advantages of making scholarly material available outside the academy, and the problem of disappearing Web pages. They discuss the role of intellectual property in a new knowledge commons, the open access movement (including possible funding models for scholarly publications), the development of associational commons, the application of a free/open source framework to scientific knowledge, and the effect on scholarly communication of collaborative communities within academia, and offer a case study of EconPort, an open access, open source digital library for students and researchers in microeconomics. The essays clarify critical issues that arise within these new types of commons - and offer guideposts for future theory and practice.

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Abstract

Summary Taxonomies are often thought to play a niche role within content-oriented knowledge management projects. They are thought to be 'nice to have' but not essential. In this groundbreaking book, Patrick Lambe shows how they play an integral role in helping organizations coordinate and communicate effectively. Through a series of case studies, he demonstrates the range of ways in which taxonomies can help organizations to leverage and articulate their knowledge. A step-by-step guide in the book to running a taxonomy project is full of practical advice for knowledge managers and business owners alike. Key Features Written in a clear, accessible style, demystifying the jargon surrounding taxonomies Case studies give real world examples of taxonomies in use Step-by-step guides take the reader through the key stages in a taxonomy project Decision-making frameworks and example questionnaires Clear description of how taxonomies relate to technology applications The Author Patrick Lambe is a widely respected knowledge management consultant based in Singapore. His Master's degree from University College London is in Information Studies and Librarianship, and he has worked as a professional librarian, as a trainer and instructional designer, and as a business manager in operational and strategic roles. He has been active in the field of knowledge management and e-learning since 1998, and in 2002 founded his own consulting and research firm, Straits Knowledge, with a partner. He is former President of the Information and Knowledge Society, and is Adjunct Professor at Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Patrick speaks and writes internationally on knowledge management. Readership This book is written primarily for knowledge managers and key stakeholders in knowledge management projects. However, it is also useful to all information professionals who wish to understand the role of taxonomies in a corporate setting. It may be used as a teaching text for postgraduate students in Information Studies, Library Science, and Knowledge Management, as well as at MBA level. Contents Part One: Dealing with Babel - the problem of coordination; why taxonomies are important; definitions; taxonomy as a common language; taxonomies express what is important; socially constructed; the business case for taxonomies; taxonomies in KM, collaboration, expertise management and information management; taxonomies, typologies and sensemaking Part Two: Fixing the foundations: planning your taxonomy project - understanding your context; identifying and engaging stakeholders; defining your purpose; planning your approach; communicating and setting expectations; managing myths; how NOT to do a taxonomy project; a taxonomy as a standard; digital information, hierarchies and facets Part Three: Building the floors: implementing your taxonomy project - Implicit taxonomies; evidence gathering; analysis or sensemaking; validation principles and techniques; change management and learning; taxonomy sustainability and governance; taxonomies and technology; measuring success Part Four: Looking skywards: the future of taxonomies - complexity and sensemaking; taxonomies as sensemaking frameworks and patterns; taxonomies and serendipity; taxonomies and ambiguity; anti-taxonomy and folksonomies; taxonomies, ignorance and power; taxonomies and organisational renewal

Footnote

Over the course of the book, a number of misconceptions haunting taxonomy work are addressed and carefully dispelled. 'taxonomy development is often thought to be an abstract task of analyzing and classifying entities, performed in complete isolation. On the contrary, taxonomies are to a large extent products of users' perceptions and worldviews, strongly influenced by the pre-existing information infrastructure. They can also be dangerous tools having the potential to reveal and clarify but also to exclude and conceal critical details that can have a large impact on basic business activities such as managing risk, controlling costs, understanding customers and supporting innovation. If the first part of the hook introduces concepts, provides definitions and challenges wrong assumptions about taxonomies and the work of taxonomy-building, the second one takes us step-by-step through a typical project. From here on, insights become part of practicable frameworks that form the basis of a concrete information-management strategy and process so flexible so as to be used in very different organizational environments and scenarios. Starting from the definition of stakeholders, purpose and scope and ending with deployment, validation and governance, a taxonomy-building project is realistically presented as an iterative and fascinating journey over competing needs, changing goals, mixed cues and technical and cognitive constraints. Beyond introducing fundamental guiding principles and addressing relevant implementation challenges, Organising Knowledge provides a large dose of political and pragmatic advice to make your efforts useful in contributing to the overall knowledge and information infrastructure. Taxonomies, much like architect's blueprints, only represent theory until they are implemented in practice involving real people and real content. As Lambe explains, this step requires crossing over to the other side of the barricade, wearing the user's shoes and constructing an information neighborhood, designing and populating a metadata framework, solving usability issues and successfully dealing with records management and information architecture concerns.

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Abstract

Human beings are information omnivores: we are constantly collecting, labeling, and organizing data. But today, the shift from the physical to the digital is mixing, burning, and ripping our lives apart. In the past, everything had its one place--the physical world demanded it--but now everything has its places: multiple categories, multiple shelves. Simply put, everything is suddenly miscellaneous. In Everything Is Miscellaneous, David Weinberger charts the new principles of digital order that are remaking business, education, politics, science, and culture. In his rollicking tour of the rise of the miscellaneous, he examines why the Dewey decimal system is stretched to the breaking point, how Rand McNally decides what information not to include in a physical map (and why Google Earth is winning that battle), how Staples stores emulate online shopping to increase sales, why your children's teachers will stop having them memorize facts, and how the shift to digital music stands as the model for the future in virtually every industry. Finally, he shows how by "going miscellaneous," anyone can reap rewards from the deluge of information in modern work and life. From A to Z, Everything Is Miscellaneous will completely reshape the way you think--and what you know--about the world.

Footnote

Rez. in: Publishers Weekly. May 2007: "In a high-minded twist on the Internet-has-changed-everything book, Weinberger (Small Pieces Loosely Joined) joins the ranks of social thinkers striving to construct new theories around the success of Google and Wikipedia. Organization or, rather, lack of it, is the key: the author insists that "we have to get rid of the idea that there's a best way of organizing the world." Building on his earlier works' discussions of the Internet-driven shift in power to users and consumers, Weinberger notes that "our homespun ways of maintaining order are going to break-they're already breaking-in the digital world." Today's avalanche of fresh information, Weinberger writes, requires relinquishing control of how we organize pretty much everything; he envisions an ever-changing array of "useful, powerful and beautiful ways to make sense of our world." Perhaps carried away by his thesis, the author gets into extended riffs on topics like the history of classification and the Dewey Decimal System. At the point where readers may want to turn his musings into strategies for living or doing business, he serves up intriguing but not exactly helpful epigrams about "the third order of order" and "useful miscellaneousness." But the book's call to embrace complexity will influence thinking about "the newly miscellanized world.""

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Classification

658.4/038 22

Date

22. 3.2009 18:43:51

DDC

658.4/038 22

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Content

The management fad of the day -- Gaining the knowledge behind knowledge management -- KM in the life of an information and library professional -- Is KM right for you? -- Content, document, expertise, and knowledge management -- Lessons learned about knowledge management -- Showing value from knowledge management -- The future of knowledge management.

Footnote

The concluding chapter addresses the future of KM. Liebowitz asserts that knowledge management will not become a discipline in its own right but that its practices will continue to integrate with other fields such as organizational learning and computer science. He envisions LIS professionals as brokers making connections between the people of an organization and the knowledge it creates, with the library or information center as the middle ground between codification and personalization. In that vision, he sees a role for LIS professionals in pushing information to employees rather than taking the more traditional role of reacting to information requests. He sees a future in which LIS professionals take leadership roles in KM programs through the integration of their technological, organizational, and human interaction skills. He is hopeful that in time libraries will take ownership of KM programs within organizations. His statement, "The library has always been a treasure house of information, and it needs to continue to expand into the knowledge chest as well" (p. 33) expresses Liehowitz's charge to corporate and government LIS professionals. The ideas presented in What They Didn't Tell You about Knowledge Management are certainly in support of that charge.' This work provides a broad overview of the KM field and serves as an initial source for exploration for LIS professionals working in a corporate setting or considering doing so."

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Footnote

Rez. in Library review 56(2007) no.6, S.xxx-xxx (S. Burnett)

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Date

22. 5.2007 10:37:38

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Abstract

Information management (IM) has exploded in importance in recent years and yet until now there has been no Reader to introduce students to the subject. This comprehensive international collection introduces you to the core topics and methodologies used in teaching IM, namely: information behaviour; environmental scanning and decision making; knowledge management; and information strategy. These peer-reviewed papers represent an elite selection from the respected "Information Research" journal, each carefully updated to take into account recent developments. This book is an essential introduction to IM for all students on courses in library and information science, IM, information systems, business information technology, business management, computer science and information technology; as well as for practitioners working in a wide range of organizations providing information services.