-
Hotho, A.; Bloehdorn, S.: Data Mining 2004 : Text classification by boosting weak learners based on terms and concepts (2004)
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- Content
- Vgl.: http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CEAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.91.4940%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&ei=dOXrUMeIDYHDtQahsIGACg&usg=AFQjCNHFWVh6gNPvnOrOS9R3rkrXCNVD-A&sig2=5I2F5evRfMnsttSgFF9g7Q&bvm=bv.1357316858,d.Yms.
- Date
- 8. 1.2013 10:22:32
-
Pinker, S.: Wörter und Regeln : Die Natur der Sprache (2000)
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- Abstract
- Wie lernen Kinder sprechen? Welche Hinweise geben gerade ihre Fehler beim Spracherwerb auf den Ablauf des Lernprozesses - getreu dem Motto: "Kinder sagen die töllsten Sachen«? Und wie helfen beziehungsweise warum scheitern bislang Computer bei der Simulation neuronaler Netzwerke, die am komplizierten Gewebe der menschlichen Sprache mitwirken? In seinem neuen Buch Wörter und Regeln hat der bekannte US-amerikanische Kognitionswissenschaftler Steven Pinker (Der Sprachinstinkt) wieder einmal eine ebenso informative wie kurzweifige Erkundungstour ins Reich der Sprache unternommen. Was die Sache besonders spannend und lesenswert macht: Souverän beleuchtet der Professor am Massachusetts Institute of Technology sowohl natur- als auch geisteswissenschaftliche Aspekte. So vermittelt er einerseits linguistische Grundlagen in den Fußspuren Ferdinand de Saussures, etwa die einer generativen Grammatik, liefert einen Exkurs durch die Sprachgeschichte und widmet ein eigenes Kapitel den Schrecken der deutschen Sprache". Andererseits lässt er aber auch die neuesten bildgebenden Verfahren nicht außen vor, die zeigen, was im Gehirn bei der Sprachverarbeitung abläuft. Pinkers Theorie, die sich in diesem Puzzle verschiedenster Aspekte wiederfindet: Sprache besteht im Kein aus zwei Bestandteilen - einem mentalen Lexikon aus erinnerten Wörtern und einer mentalen Grammatik aus verschiedenen kombinatorischen Regeln. Konkret heißt das: Wir prägen uns bekannte Größen und ihre abgestuften, sich kreuzenden Merkmale ein, aber wir erzeugen auch neue geistige Produkte, in dem wir Regeln anwenden. Gerade daraus, so schließt Pinker, erschließt sich der Reichtum und die ungeheure Ausdruckskraft unserer Sprache
- Date
- 19. 7.2002 14:22:31
-
Noever, D.; Ciolino, M.: ¬The Turing deception (2022)
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- Source
- https%3A%2F%2Farxiv.org%2Fabs%2F2212.06721&usg=AOvVaw3i_9pZm9y_dQWoHi6uv0EN
-
Fóris, A.: Network theory and terminology (2013)
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- Abstract
- The paper aims to present the relations of network theory and terminology. The model of scale-free networks, which has been recently developed and widely applied since, can be effectively used in terminology research as well. Operation based on the principle of networks is a universal characteristic of complex systems. Networks are governed by general laws. The model of scale-free networks can be viewed as a statistical-probability model, and it can be described with mathematical tools. Its main feature is that "everything is connected to everything else," that is, every node is reachable (in a few steps) starting from any other node; this phenomena is called "the small world phenomenon." The existence of a linguistic network and the general laws of the operation of networks enable us to place issues of language use in the complex system of relations that reveal the deeper connection s between phenomena with the help of networks embedded in each other. The realization of the metaphor that language also has a network structure is the basis of the classification methods of the terminological system, and likewise of the ways of creating terminology databases, which serve the purpose of providing easy and versatile accessibility to specialised knowledge.
- Date
- 2. 9.2014 21:22:48
-
Egger, W.: Helferlein für jedermann : Elektronische Wörterbücher (2004)
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- Series
- Software: Der große Lexikon-Ratgeber
-
dpa: 14 Forscher mit viel Geld angelockt : Wolfgang-Paul-Preis (2001)
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- Content
- Darin. "Die Sprachwissenschaftlerin Christiane Fellbaum (dpa-Bild) wird ihr Preisgeld für das an der Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu erstellende "Digitale Wörterbuch der Deutschen Sprache des 20. Jahrhunderts" einsetzen. Sie setzt mit ihrem Computer dort an, wo konventionelle Wörterbücher nicht mehr mithalten können. Sie stellt per Knopfdruck Wortverbindungen her, die eine Sprache so reich an Bildern und Vorstellungen - und damit einzigartig - machen. Ihr elektronisches Lexikon aus über 500 Millionen Wörtern soll später als Datenbank zugänglich sein. Seine Grundlage ist die deutsche Sprache der vergangenen hundert Jahre - ein repräsentativer Querschnitt, zusammengestellt aus Literatur, Zeitungsdeutsch, Fachbuchsprache, Werbetexten und niedergeschriebener Umgangssprache. Wo ein Wörterbuch heute nur ein Wort mit Synonymen oder wenigen Verwendungsmöglichkeiten präsentiert, spannt die Forscherin ein riesiges Netz von Wortverbindungen. Bei Christiane Fellbaums Systematik heißt es beispielsweise nicht nur "verlieren", sondern auch noch "den Faden" oder "die Geduld" verlieren - samt allen möglichen weiteren Kombinationen, die der Computer wie eine Suchmaschine in seinen gespeicherten Texten findet."
-
Warner, A.J.: Natural language processing (1987)
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- Source
- Annual review of information science and technology. 22(1987), S.79-108
-
McMahon, J.G.; Smith, F.J.: Improved statistical language model performance with automatic generated word hierarchies (1996)
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- Source
- Computational linguistics. 22(1996) no.2, S.217-248
-
Ruge, G.: ¬A spreading activation network for automatic generation of thesaurus relationships (1991)
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- Date
- 8.10.2000 11:52:22
-
Somers, H.: Example-based machine translation : Review article (1999)
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- Date
- 31. 7.1996 9:22:19
-
New tools for human translators (1997)
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- Date
- 31. 7.1996 9:22:19
-
Baayen, R.H.; Lieber, H.: Word frequency distributions and lexical semantics (1997)
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- Date
- 28. 2.1999 10:48:22
-
¬Der Student aus dem Computer (2023)
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- Date
- 27. 1.2023 16:22:55
-
Kracht, M.: Mathematical linguistics (2002)
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- Abstract
- This book studies language(s) and linguistic theories from a mathematical point of view. Starting with ideas already contained in Montague's work, it develops the mathematical foundations of present day linguistics. It equips the reader with all the background necessary to understand and evaluate theories as diverse as Montague Grammar, Categorial Grammar, HPSG and GB. The mathematical tools are mainly from universal algebra and logic, but no particular knowledge is presupposed beyond a certain mathematical sophistication that is in any case needed in order to fruitfully work within these theories. The presentation focuses an abstract mathematical structures and their computational properties, but plenty of examples from different natural languages are provided to illustrate the main concepts and results. In contrast to books devoted to so-called formal language theory, languages are seen here as semiotic systems, that is, as systems of signs. A language sign correlates form with meaning. Using the principle of compositionality it is possible to gain substantial insight into the interaction between form and meaning in natural languages.
-
Rösener, C.: ¬Die Stecknadel im Heuhaufen : Natürlichsprachlicher Zugang zu Volltextdatenbanken (2005)
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- Content
- 5: Interaktion 5.1 Frage-Antwort- bzw. Dialogsysteme: Forschungen und Projekte 5.2 Darstellung und Visualisierung von Wissen 5.3 Das Dialogsystem im Rahmen des LeWi-Projektes 5.4 Ergebnisdarstellung und Antwortpräsentation im LeWi-Kontext 6: Testumgebungen und -ergebnisse 7: Ergebnisse und Ausblick 7.1 Ausgangssituation 7.2 Schlussfolgerungen 7.3 Ausblick Anhang A Auszüge aus der Grob- bzw. Feinklassifikation des BMM Anhang B MPRO - Formale Beschreibung der wichtigsten Merkmale ... Anhang C Fragentypologie mit Beispielsätzen (Auszug) Anhang D Semantische Merkmale im morphologischen Lexikon (Auszug) Anhang E Regelbeispiele für die Fragentypzuweisung Anhang F Aufstellung der möglichen Suchen im LeWi-Dialogmodul (Auszug) Anhang G Vollständiger Dialogbaum zu Beginn des Projektes Anhang H Statuszustände zur Ermittlung der Folgefragen (Auszug)
-
Kiss, T.: Anmerkungen zur scheinbaren Konkurrenz von numerischen und symbolischen Verfahren in der Computerlinguistik (2002)
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- Abstract
- Man kann wohl abschließend festhalten, dass von einer Überlegenheit statistischer Verfahren zumindest im Bereich des Tagging eigentlich nicht gesprochen werden sollte. Darüber hinaus muss die Opposition zwischen regelbasierten und numerischen Verfahren hier aufgeweicht werden, denn auch die statistischen Verfahren verwenden Regelsysteme. Selbst beim Lernen ohne Referenzkorpus ist ja zumindest eine Zuordnung der Wörter zu einem Lexikon bzw. auch eine heuristische Erkennung unbekannter Wörter nach Regeln notwendig. Statistische Verfahren haben - und dies wurde hier wahrscheinlich nicht ausreichend betont - durchaus ihre Berechtigung, sie sind nützlich; sie gestatten, insbesondere im Vergleich zur Introspektion, eine unmittelbarere und breitere Heranführung an das Phänomen Sprache. Die vorhandenen umfangreichen elektronischen Korpora verlangen nahezu danach, Sprache auch mit statistischen Mitteln zu untersuchen. Allerdings können die statistischen Verfahren die regelbasierten Verfahren nicht ersetzen. Somit muss dem Diktum vom "Es geht nicht anders" deutlich widersprochen werden. Dass die statistischen Verfahren zur Zeit so en vogue sind und die regelbasierten Verfahren aussehen lassen wie eine alte Dallas-Folge, mag wohl auch daran liegen, dass zu viele Vertreter des alten Paradigmas nicht die Energie aufbringen, sich dem neuen Paradigma so weit zu öffnen, dass eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit dem neuen auf der Basis des alten möglich wird. Die Mathematik ist eine geachtete, weil schwierige Wissenschaft, die statistische Sprachverarbeitung ist eine gefürchtete, weil in ihren Eigenschaften oftmals nicht gründlich genug betrachtete Disziplin.
-
Byrne, C.C.; McCracken, S.A.: ¬An adaptive thesaurus employing semantic distance, relational inheritance and nominal compound interpretation for linguistic support of information retrieval (1999)
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- Date
- 15. 3.2000 10:22:37
-
Boleda, G.; Evert, S.: Multiword expressions : a pain in the neck of lexical semantics (2009)
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- Date
- 1. 3.2013 14:56:22
-
Monnerjahn, P.: Vorsprung ohne Technik : Übersetzen: Computer und Qualität (2000)
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- Source
- c't. 2000, H.22, S.230-231
-
Heinrichs, J.: Language theory for the computer : monodimensional semantics or multidimensional semiotics? (1996)
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- Abstract
- Computer linguistics continues to be in need of an integrative language-theory model. Maria Theresia Rolland proposes such a model in her book 'Sprachverarbeitung durch Logotechnik' (1994). Relying upon the language theory of Leo Weisgerber, she pursues a pure 'content oriented' approach, by which she understands an approach in terms of the semantics of words. Starting from the 'implications' of word-contents, she attempts to construct a complete grammar of the German language. The reviewer begins his comments with an immanent critique, calling attention to a number of serious contradictions in Rolland's concept, among them, her refusal to take syntax into account despite its undeniable real presence.In the second part of his comments, the reviewer then takes up his own semiotic language theory published in 1981, showing that semantics is but one of four semiotic dimensions of language, the other dimanesion being the sigmatic, the pragmatic and the syntactic. Without taking all four dimensions into account, no theory can offer an adequate integrative language model. Indeed, without all four dimensions, one cannot even develop an adequate grammar of German sentence construction. The fourfold semiotic model dicloses as well the universally valid structures of language as the intersubjective expression of human self-awareness. Only on the basis of these universal structures, it is argued, is it possible to identify the specific structures of a native-language, and that on all four levels. This position has important consequences for the problems of computer translation and the comparative study and use of languages
