-
Hotho, A.; Bloehdorn, S.: Data Mining 2004 : Text classification by boosting weak learners based on terms and concepts (2004)
0.10
0.10445333 = sum of:
0.08316921 = product of:
0.24950762 = sum of:
0.24950762 = weight(_text_:3a in 562) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.24950762 = score(doc=562,freq=2.0), product of:
0.4439495 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.052364815 = queryNorm
0.56201804 = fieldWeight in 562, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=562)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.021284128 = product of:
0.042568255 = sum of:
0.042568255 = weight(_text_:22 in 562) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.042568255 = score(doc=562,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18337266 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052364815 = queryNorm
0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 562, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=562)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Content
- Vgl.: http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CEAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.91.4940%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&ei=dOXrUMeIDYHDtQahsIGACg&usg=AFQjCNHFWVh6gNPvnOrOS9R3rkrXCNVD-A&sig2=5I2F5evRfMnsttSgFF9g7Q&bvm=bv.1357316858,d.Yms.
- Date
- 8. 1.2013 10:22:32
-
Ruge, G.: ¬A spreading activation network for automatic generation of thesaurus relationships (1991)
0.08
0.07766238 = product of:
0.15532476 = sum of:
0.15532476 = sum of:
0.05599882 = weight(_text_:library in 4506) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.05599882 = score(doc=4506,freq=2.0), product of:
0.13768692 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
0.052364815 = queryNorm
0.40671125 = fieldWeight in 4506, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4506)
0.09932593 = weight(_text_:22 in 4506) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.09932593 = score(doc=4506,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18337266 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052364815 = queryNorm
0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 4506, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4506)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 8.10.2000 11:52:22
- Source
- Library science with a slant to documentation. 28(1991) no.4, S.125-130
-
Liddy, E.D.: Natural language processing for information retrieval and knowledge discovery (1998)
0.05
0.049079686 = product of:
0.09815937 = sum of:
0.09815937 = sum of:
0.048496403 = weight(_text_:library in 2345) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.048496403 = score(doc=2345,freq=6.0), product of:
0.13768692 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
0.052364815 = queryNorm
0.3522223 = fieldWeight in 2345, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2345)
0.049662966 = weight(_text_:22 in 2345) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.049662966 = score(doc=2345,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18337266 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052364815 = queryNorm
0.2708308 = fieldWeight in 2345, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2345)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 22. 9.1997 19:16:05
- Imprint
- Urbana-Champaign, IL : Illinois University at Urbana-Champaign, Graduate School of Library and Information Science
- Source
- Visualizing subject access for 21st century information resources: Papers presented at the 1997 Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing, 2-4 Mar 1997, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Ed.: P.A. Cochrane et al
-
Morris, V.: Automated language identification of bibliographic resources (2020)
0.04
0.0443785 = product of:
0.088757 = sum of:
0.088757 = sum of:
0.031999324 = weight(_text_:library in 5749) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.031999324 = score(doc=5749,freq=2.0), product of:
0.13768692 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
0.052364815 = queryNorm
0.23240642 = fieldWeight in 5749, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5749)
0.056757677 = weight(_text_:22 in 5749) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.056757677 = score(doc=5749,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18337266 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052364815 = queryNorm
0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 5749, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5749)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Abstract
- This article describes experiments in the use of machine learning techniques at the British Library to assign language codes to catalog records, in order to provide information about the language of content of the resources described. In the first phase of the project, language codes were assigned to 1.15 million records with 99.7% confidence. The automated language identification tools developed will be used to contribute to future enhancement of over 4 million legacy records.
- Date
- 2. 3.2020 19:04:22
-
Noever, D.; Ciolino, M.: ¬The Turing deception (2022)
0.04
0.041584603 = product of:
0.08316921 = sum of:
0.08316921 = product of:
0.24950762 = sum of:
0.24950762 = weight(_text_:3a in 862) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.24950762 = score(doc=862,freq=2.0), product of:
0.4439495 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.052364815 = queryNorm
0.56201804 = fieldWeight in 862, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=862)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- https%3A%2F%2Farxiv.org%2Fabs%2F2212.06721&usg=AOvVaw3i_9pZm9y_dQWoHi6uv0EN
-
Schneider, J.W.; Borlund, P.: ¬A bibliometric-based semiautomatic approach to identification of candidate thesaurus terms : parsing and filtering of noun phrases from citation contexts (2005)
0.04
0.03883119 = product of:
0.07766238 = sum of:
0.07766238 = sum of:
0.02799941 = weight(_text_:library in 156) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.02799941 = score(doc=156,freq=2.0), product of:
0.13768692 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
0.052364815 = queryNorm
0.20335563 = fieldWeight in 156, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=156)
0.049662966 = weight(_text_:22 in 156) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.049662966 = score(doc=156,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18337266 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052364815 = queryNorm
0.2708308 = fieldWeight in 156, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=156)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 8. 3.2007 19:55:22
- Source
- Context: nature, impact and role. 5th International Conference an Conceptions of Library and Information Sciences, CoLIS 2005 Glasgow, UK, June 2005. Ed. by F. Crestani u. I. Ruthven
-
Paolillo, J.C.: Linguistics and the information sciences (2009)
0.04
0.03883119 = product of:
0.07766238 = sum of:
0.07766238 = sum of:
0.02799941 = weight(_text_:library in 3840) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.02799941 = score(doc=3840,freq=2.0), product of:
0.13768692 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
0.052364815 = queryNorm
0.20335563 = fieldWeight in 3840, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3840)
0.049662966 = weight(_text_:22 in 3840) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.049662966 = score(doc=3840,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18337266 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052364815 = queryNorm
0.2708308 = fieldWeight in 3840, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3840)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 27. 8.2011 14:22:33
- Source
- Encyclopedia of library and information sciences. 3rd ed. Ed.: M.J. Bates
-
Doszkocs, T.E.; Zamora, A.: Dictionary services and spelling aids for Web searching (2004)
0.04
0.035083376 = product of:
0.07016675 = sum of:
0.07016675 = sum of:
0.019999579 = weight(_text_:library in 2541) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.019999579 = score(doc=2541,freq=2.0), product of:
0.13768692 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
0.052364815 = queryNorm
0.14525402 = fieldWeight in 2541, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2541)
0.050167173 = weight(_text_:22 in 2541) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.050167173 = score(doc=2541,freq=4.0), product of:
0.18337266 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052364815 = queryNorm
0.27358043 = fieldWeight in 2541, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2541)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Abstract
- The Specialized Information Services Division (SIS) of the National Library of Medicine (NLM) provides Web access to more than a dozen scientific databases on toxicology and the environment on TOXNET . Search queries on TOXNET often include misspelled or variant English words, medical and scientific jargon and chemical names. Following the example of search engines like Google and ClinicalTrials.gov, we set out to develop a spelling "suggestion" system for increased recall and precision in TOXNET searching. This paper describes development of dictionary technology that can be used in a variety of applications such as orthographic verification, writing aid, natural language processing, and information storage and retrieval. The design of the technology allows building complex applications using the components developed in the earlier phases of the work in a modular fashion without extensive rewriting of computer code. Since many of the potential applications envisioned for this work have on-line or web-based interfaces, the dictionaries and other computer components must have fast response, and must be adaptable to open-ended database vocabularies, including chemical nomenclature. The dictionary vocabulary for this work was derived from SIS and other databases and specialized resources, such as NLM's Unified Medical Language Systems (UMLS) . The resulting technology, A-Z Dictionary (AZdict), has three major constituents: 1) the vocabulary list, 2) the word attributes that define part of speech and morphological relationships between words in the list, and 3) a set of programs that implements the retrieval of words and their attributes, and determines similarity between words (ChemSpell). These three components can be used in various applications such as spelling verification, spelling aid, part-of-speech tagging, paraphrasing, and many other natural language processing functions.
- Date
- 14. 8.2004 17:22:56
- Source
- Online. 28(2004) no.3, S.22-29
-
Rahmstorf, G.: Concept structures for large vocabularies (1998)
0.03
0.033283874 = product of:
0.06656775 = sum of:
0.06656775 = sum of:
0.023999494 = weight(_text_:library in 75) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.023999494 = score(doc=75,freq=2.0), product of:
0.13768692 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
0.052364815 = queryNorm
0.17430481 = fieldWeight in 75, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=75)
0.042568255 = weight(_text_:22 in 75) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.042568255 = score(doc=75,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18337266 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052364815 = queryNorm
0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 75, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=75)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Abstract
- A technology is described which supports the acquisition, visualisation and manipulation of large vocabularies with associated structures. It is used for dictionary production, terminology data bases, thesauri, library classification systems etc. Essential features of the technology are a lexicographic user interface, variable word description, unlimited list of word readings, a concept language, automatic transformations of formulas into graphic structures, structure manipulation operations and retransformation into formulas. The concept language includes notations for undefined concepts. The structure of defined concepts can be constructed interactively. The technology supports the generation of large vocabularies with structures representing word senses. Concept structures and ordering systems for indexing and retrieval can be constructed separately and connected by associating relations.
- Date
- 30.12.2001 19:01:22
-
Warner, A.J.: Natural language processing (1987)
0.03
0.028378839 = product of:
0.056757677 = sum of:
0.056757677 = product of:
0.113515355 = sum of:
0.113515355 = weight(_text_:22 in 337) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.113515355 = score(doc=337,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18337266 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052364815 = queryNorm
0.61904186 = fieldWeight in 337, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=337)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- Annual review of information science and technology. 22(1987), S.79-108
-
McMahon, J.G.; Smith, F.J.: Improved statistical language model performance with automatic generated word hierarchies (1996)
0.02
0.024831483 = product of:
0.049662966 = sum of:
0.049662966 = product of:
0.09932593 = sum of:
0.09932593 = weight(_text_:22 in 3164) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.09932593 = score(doc=3164,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18337266 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052364815 = queryNorm
0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 3164, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3164)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- Computational linguistics. 22(1996) no.2, S.217-248
-
Somers, H.: Example-based machine translation : Review article (1999)
0.02
0.024831483 = product of:
0.049662966 = sum of:
0.049662966 = product of:
0.09932593 = sum of:
0.09932593 = weight(_text_:22 in 6672) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.09932593 = score(doc=6672,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18337266 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052364815 = queryNorm
0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 6672, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=6672)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 31. 7.1996 9:22:19
-
New tools for human translators (1997)
0.02
0.024831483 = product of:
0.049662966 = sum of:
0.049662966 = product of:
0.09932593 = sum of:
0.09932593 = weight(_text_:22 in 1179) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.09932593 = score(doc=1179,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18337266 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052364815 = queryNorm
0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 1179, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1179)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 31. 7.1996 9:22:19
-
Baayen, R.H.; Lieber, H.: Word frequency distributions and lexical semantics (1997)
0.02
0.024831483 = product of:
0.049662966 = sum of:
0.049662966 = product of:
0.09932593 = sum of:
0.09932593 = weight(_text_:22 in 3117) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.09932593 = score(doc=3117,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18337266 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052364815 = queryNorm
0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 3117, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3117)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 28. 2.1999 10:48:22
-
¬Der Student aus dem Computer (2023)
0.02
0.024831483 = product of:
0.049662966 = sum of:
0.049662966 = product of:
0.09932593 = sum of:
0.09932593 = weight(_text_:22 in 1079) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.09932593 = score(doc=1079,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18337266 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052364815 = queryNorm
0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 1079, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1079)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 27. 1.2023 16:22:55
-
Byrne, C.C.; McCracken, S.A.: ¬An adaptive thesaurus employing semantic distance, relational inheritance and nominal compound interpretation for linguistic support of information retrieval (1999)
0.02
0.021284128 = product of:
0.042568255 = sum of:
0.042568255 = product of:
0.08513651 = sum of:
0.08513651 = weight(_text_:22 in 4483) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.08513651 = score(doc=4483,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18337266 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052364815 = queryNorm
0.46428138 = fieldWeight in 4483, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4483)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 15. 3.2000 10:22:37
-
Boleda, G.; Evert, S.: Multiword expressions : a pain in the neck of lexical semantics (2009)
0.02
0.021284128 = product of:
0.042568255 = sum of:
0.042568255 = product of:
0.08513651 = sum of:
0.08513651 = weight(_text_:22 in 4888) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.08513651 = score(doc=4888,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18337266 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052364815 = queryNorm
0.46428138 = fieldWeight in 4888, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4888)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 1. 3.2013 14:56:22
-
Monnerjahn, P.: Vorsprung ohne Technik : Übersetzen: Computer und Qualität (2000)
0.02
0.021284128 = product of:
0.042568255 = sum of:
0.042568255 = product of:
0.08513651 = sum of:
0.08513651 = weight(_text_:22 in 5429) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.08513651 = score(doc=5429,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18337266 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052364815 = queryNorm
0.46428138 = fieldWeight in 5429, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5429)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- c't. 2000, H.22, S.230-231
-
Yang, C.C.; Luk, J.: Automatic generation of English/Chinese thesaurus based on a parallel corpus in laws (2003)
0.02
0.019415595 = product of:
0.03883119 = sum of:
0.03883119 = sum of:
0.013999705 = weight(_text_:library in 1616) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.013999705 = score(doc=1616,freq=2.0), product of:
0.13768692 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
0.052364815 = queryNorm
0.10167781 = fieldWeight in 1616, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.6293786 = idf(docFreq=8668, maxDocs=44218)
0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=1616)
0.024831483 = weight(_text_:22 in 1616) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.024831483 = score(doc=1616,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18337266 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052364815 = queryNorm
0.1354154 = fieldWeight in 1616, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=1616)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Abstract
- The information available in languages other than English in the World Wide Web is increasing significantly. According to a report from Computer Economics in 1999, 54% of Internet users are English speakers ("English Will Dominate Web for Only Three More Years," Computer Economics, July 9, 1999, http://www.computereconomics. com/new4/pr/pr990610.html). However, it is predicted that there will be only 60% increase in Internet users among English speakers verses a 150% growth among nonEnglish speakers for the next five years. By 2005, 57% of Internet users will be non-English speakers. A report by CNN.com in 2000 showed that the number of Internet users in China had been increased from 8.9 million to 16.9 million from January to June in 2000 ("Report: China Internet users double to 17 million," CNN.com, July, 2000, http://cnn.org/2000/TECH/computing/07/27/ china.internet.reut/index.html). According to Nielsen/ NetRatings, there was a dramatic leap from 22.5 millions to 56.6 millions Internet users from 2001 to 2002. China had become the second largest global at-home Internet population in 2002 (US's Internet population was 166 millions) (Robyn Greenspan, "China Pulls Ahead of Japan," Internet.com, April 22, 2002, http://cyberatias.internet.com/big-picture/geographics/article/0,,5911_1013841,00. html). All of the evidences reveal the importance of crosslingual research to satisfy the needs in the near future. Digital library research has been focusing in structural and semantic interoperability in the past. Searching and retrieving objects across variations in protocols, formats and disciplines are widely explored (Schatz, B., & Chen, H. (1999). Digital libraries: technological advances and social impacts. IEEE Computer, Special Issue an Digital Libraries, February, 32(2), 45-50.; Chen, H., Yen, J., & Yang, C.C. (1999). International activities: development of Asian digital libraries. IEEE Computer, Special Issue an Digital Libraries, 32(2), 48-49.). However, research in crossing language boundaries, especially across European languages and Oriental languages, is still in the initial stage. In this proposal, we put our focus an cross-lingual semantic interoperability by developing automatic generation of a cross-lingual thesaurus based an English/Chinese parallel corpus. When the searchers encounter retrieval problems, Professional librarians usually consult the thesaurus to identify other relevant vocabularies. In the problem of searching across language boundaries, a cross-lingual thesaurus, which is generated by co-occurrence analysis and Hopfield network, can be used to generate additional semantically relevant terms that cannot be obtained from dictionary. In particular, the automatically generated cross-lingual thesaurus is able to capture the unknown words that do not exist in a dictionary, such as names of persons, organizations, and events. Due to Hong Kong's unique history background, both English and Chinese are used as official languages in all legal documents. Therefore, English/Chinese cross-lingual information retrieval is critical for applications in courts and the government. In this paper, we develop an automatic thesaurus by the Hopfield network based an a parallel corpus collected from the Web site of the Department of Justice of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) Government. Experiments are conducted to measure the precision and recall of the automatic generated English/Chinese thesaurus. The result Shows that such thesaurus is a promising tool to retrieve relevant terms, especially in the language that is not the same as the input term. The direct translation of the input term can also be retrieved in most of the cases.
-
Hutchins, J.: From first conception to first demonstration : the nascent years of machine translation, 1947-1954. A chronology (1997)
0.02
0.017736774 = product of:
0.035473548 = sum of:
0.035473548 = product of:
0.070947096 = sum of:
0.070947096 = weight(_text_:22 in 1463) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.070947096 = score(doc=1463,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18337266 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.052364815 = queryNorm
0.38690117 = fieldWeight in 1463, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1463)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 31. 7.1996 9:22:19
