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Abstract

This article reports the author's recent research in developing a holistic model for various levels of digital library (DL) evaluation in which perceived important criteria from heterogeneous stakeholder groups are organized and presented. To develop such a model, the author applied a three-stage research approach: exploration, confirmation, and verification. During the exploration stage, a literature review was conducted followed by an interview, along with a card sorting technique, to collect important criteria perceived by DL experts. Then the criteria identified were used for developing an online survey during the confirmation stage. Survey respondents (431 in total) from 22 countries rated the importance of the criteria. A holistic DL evaluation model was constructed using statistical techniques. Eventually, the verification stage was devised to test the reliability of the model in the context of searching and evaluating an operational DL. The proposed model fills two lacunae in the DL domain: (a) the lack of a comprehensive and flexible framework to guide and benchmark evaluations, and (b) the uncertainty about what divergence exists among heterogeneous DL stakeholders, including general users.

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Abstract

Sustained use of an information source is sometimes important for achieving an individual's long-term goals, such as learning and self-development. It is even more important for users of online health communities because health benefits usually come with sustained use. However, little is known about what retains a user. We interviewed 21 participants who had been using online diabetes communities in a sustained manner. Guided by self-determination theory, which posits that behaviors are sustained when they can satisfy basic human needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, we identified mechanisms that help satisfy these needs, and thus sustain users in online health communities. Autonomy-supportive mechanisms include being respected and supported as a unique individual, feeling free in making choices, and receiving meaningful rationales about others' decisions. Competence-cultivating mechanisms include seeking information, providing information, and exchanging information with others to construct knowledge. Mechanisms that cultivate relatedness include seeing similarities between oneself and peers, receiving responses from others, providing emotional support, and forming small underground groups for closer interactions. The results suggest that, like emotions, information and small group interactions also play a key role in retaining users. System design and community management strategies are discussed based on these mechanisms.