Search (20 results, page 1 of 1)

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Abstract

The Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors, 14th Edition 2001, has been developed under the auspices of the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) of the National Library of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI), U.S. Department of Education. Its content reflects ERIC's 34 years of monitoring the educational literature. This 14th edition is the result of ERIC's continued efforts to maintain quality in its controlled vocabulary and to respond to the changing nature of education. As in previous editions, the Thesaurus reflects ERIC's response to the needs of the educational user community. ERIC remains committed to maintaining a Thesaurus that represents the definitive vocabulary for education. The 2001 edition contains 10,773 vocabulary terms, of which 5,963 are main-entry Descriptors and 4,810 are non-indexable USE references or "Dead" terms. New terms not appearing in previous editions include 206 Descriptors and 210 USE references. This edition also reflects several hundred Scope Notes and Cross-reference modifications to earlier Descriptor displays. Again as in the past, the Thesaurus revision has been made possible by the joint efforts and sound judgments of personnel throughout the entire ERIC system responding to both the literature and the users in the field. ERIC vocabulary coordinators, who, as members of the systemwide "Vocabular Review Group," oversee this effort, are listed below.

Object

ERIC Thesaurus

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Date

22. 1.2000 19:32:34

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Footnote

Rez. in: Audiovisual librarian 22(1996) no.2, S.130-131 ( R. Williams)

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Date

22. 6.2000 20:28:19

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Date

22. 1.2000 19:34:19

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Date

22. 6.2000 20:08:52

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Date

22. 6.2000 20:09:32

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Date

13. 3.1996 21:22:40

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Date

13. 3.1996 21:22:40

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Date

3. 4.1996 15:41:22

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Footnote

The guide Nuovo soggettario was presented on February 8' 2007 at a one-day seminar in the Palazzo Vecchio, Florence, in front of some 500 spellbound people. The Nuovo soggettario comes in two parts: the guide in book-form and an accompanying CD-ROM, by way of which a prototype of the thesaurus may be accessed on the Internet. In the former, rules are stated; the latter contains a pdf version of the guide and the first installment of the controlled vocabulary, which is to be further enriched and refined. Syntactic instructions (general application guidelines, as well as special annotations of particular terms) and the compiled subject strings file have yet to be added. The essentials of the new system are: 1) an analytic-synthetic approach, 2) use of terms (units of controlled vocabulary) and subject strings (which represent subjects by combining terms in linear order to form syntactic relationships), instead of main headings and subdivisions, 3) specificity of terms and strings, with a view to the co-extension of subject string and subject matter and 4) a clear distinction between semantic and syntactic relationships, with full control of them both. Basic features of the vocabulary include the uniformity and univocality of terms and thesaural management of a priori (semantic) relationships. Starting from its definition, each term can be categorially analyzed: four macro-categories are represented (agents, action, things, time), for which there are subcategories called facets (e.g., for actions: activities, disciplines, processes), which in turn have sub-facets. Morphological instructions conform to national and international standards, including BS 8723, ANSI/ NISO Z39.19 and the IFLA draft of Guidelines for multilingual thesauri, even for syntactic factorization. Different kinds of semantic relationships are represented thoroughly, and particular attention is paid to poly-hierarchies, which are used only in moderation: both top terms must actually be relevant. Node labels are used to specify the principle of division applied. Instance relationships are also used.
Thesaurus software is based on AgroVoc (http:// www.fao.org/aims/ag_intro.htm) provided by the FAO, but in modified form. Many searching options and contextualization within the full hierarchies are possible, so that the choice of morphology and syntax of terms and strings is made easier by the complete overview of semantic relationships. New controlled terms will be available soon, thanks to the work in progress - there are now 13,000 terms, of which 40 percent are non-preferred. In three months, free Internet access by CD-ROM will cease and a subscription will be needed. The digital version of old Soggettario and the corresponding unstructured lists of headings adopted in 1956-1985 are accessible together with the thesaurus, so that the whole vocabulary, old and new, will be at the fingertips of the indexer, who is forced to work with both tools during this transition period. In the future, it will be possible to integrate the thesaurus into library OPACs. The two parts form a very consistent and detailed resource. The guide is filled with examples; the accurate, clearly-expressed and consistent instructions are further enhanced by good use of fonts and type size, facilitating reading. The thesaurus is simple and quick to use, very rich, albeit only a prototype; see, for instance, a list of DDC numbers and related terms with their category and facet, and then entries, hierarchies and so on, and the capacity of the structure to show organized knowledge. The excellent outcome of a demanding experimentation, the intended guide welcomes in a new era of subject indexing in Italy and is highly recommended. The new method has been designed to be easily teachable to new and experimented indexers.
Now BNI is beginning to use the new language, pointing the way for the adoption of Nuovo soggettario in Italian libraries: a difficult challenge whose success is not assured. To name only one issue: including all fields of study requires particular care in treating terms with different specialized meanings; cooperation of other libraries and institutions is foreseen. At the same time, efforts are being made to assure the system's interoperability outside the library world. It is clear that a great commitment is required. "Too complex a system!" say the naysayers. "Only at the beginning," the proponents reply. The new system goes against the mainstream, compared with the imitation of the easy way offered by search engines - but we know that they must enrich their devices to improve quality, just repeating the work on semantic and syntactic relationships that leads formal expressions to the meanings they are intended to communicate - and also compared with research to create automated devices supporting human work, for the need to simplify cataloguing. Here AI is not involved, but automation is widely used to facilitate and to support the conscious work of indexers guided by rules as clear as possible. The advantage of Nuovo soggettario is its combination of a thesaurus (a much-appreciated tool used across the world) with the equally widespread technique of subject-string construction, which is to say: the rational and predictable combination of the terms used. The appearance of this original, unparalleled working model may well be a great occasion in the international development of indexing, as, on one hand, the Nuovo soggettario uses a recognized tool (the thesaurus) and, on the other, by permitting both pre-coordination and post-coordination, it attempts to overcome the fragmentation of increasingly complex and specialized subjects into isolated, single-term descriptors. This is a serious proposition that merits consideration from both theoretical and practical points of view - and outside Italy, too."

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Date

19. 1.1997 9:22:49

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22. 7.2000 18:06:10

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Date

21.12.2018 18:22:12

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Abstract

Wer wissen will, wie alt ein Wort ist, woher es stammt, welche Bedeutung es ursprünglich hatte und mit welchen anderen Wörtern es zusammenhängt, findet in diesem Nachschlagewerk präzise Angaben über "tó étymon", den "wahren Sinn eines Wortes". In über 8 000 Einträgen gibt das 'Etymologische Wörterbuch des Deutschen' Auskunft über den Grundwortschatz der deutschen Sprache: Herkunft, Entwicklung, Bedeutung und Verwandtschaft von rund 22 000 Wörtern werden erschlossen. Verzeichnet sind das erste Auftreten eines Wortes im Deutschen, verwandte Formen innerhalb des Germanischen, indoeuropäische Wurzeln, kurz die Ursprungsform. Oberregionale Ausdrücke der Umgangssprache fehlen ebensowenig wie fachsprachliche Begriffe oder geläufige Fremdwörter, die in ihre Ursprungssprache zurückverfolgt werden. Bedeutungshinweise verdeutlichen die semantischen Bezüge zwischen Sprach- und Gesellschaftsgeschichte. Ableitungen und Zusammensetzungen eines Stichworts sind mit Angabe ihres Erstbelegs aufgeführt. Innersprachliche Zusammenhänge und lauthistorische Gesetzmäßigkeiten eröffnen sich dadurch dem an Sprache interessierten Leser.