-
Ranganathan, S.R.: Colon Classification : Pt.1: Rules of classification; Pt.2: Schedules of classification; Pt.3: Index to the schedules (1933)
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-
Austin, D.: ¬The new general faceted classification : an outline of the CRG scheme (1969)
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- Source
- Catalogue and index. 14(1969), April, S.11-13
-
Foskett, D.J.: Classification for a general index language: a review of recent research by the Classification Research Group (1970)
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-
Dousa, T.M.: Categories and the architectonics of system in Julius Otto Kaiser's method of systematic indexing (2014)
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- Abstract
- Categories, or concepts of high generality representing the most basic kinds of entities in the world, have long been understood to be a fundamental element in the construction of knowledge organization systems (KOSs), particularly faceted ones. Commentators on facet analysis have tended to foreground the role of categories in the structuring of controlled vocabularies and the construction of compound index terms, and the implications of this for subject representation and information retrieval. Less attention has been paid to the variety of ways in which categories can shape the overall architectonic framework of a KOS. This case study explores the range of functions that categories took in structuring various aspects of an early analytico-synthetic KOS, Julius Otto Kaiser's method of Systematic Indexing (SI). Within SI, categories not only functioned as mechanisms to partition an index vocabulary into smaller groupings of terms and as elements in the construction of compound index terms but also served as means of defining the units of indexing, or index items, incorporated into an index; determining the organization of card index files and the articulation of the guide card system serving as a navigational aids thereto; and setting structural constraints to the establishment of cross-references between terms. In all these ways, Kaiser's system of categories contributed to the general systematicity of SI.
- Source
- Knowledge organization in the 21st century: between historical patterns and future prospects. Proceedings of the Thirteenth International ISKO Conference 19-22 May 2014, Kraków, Poland. Ed.: Wieslaw Babik
-
Kaiser, J.O.: Systematic indexing (1985)
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- Abstract
- A native of Germany and a former teacher of languages and music, Julius Otto Kaiser (1868-1927) came to the Philadelphia Commercial Museum to be its librarian in 1896. Faced with the problem of making "information" accessible, he developed a method of indexing he called systematic indexing. The first draft of his scheme, published in 1896-97, was an important landmark in the history of subject analysis. R. K. Olding credits Kaiser with making the greatest single advance in indexing theory since Charles A. Cutter and John Metcalfe eulogizes him by observing that "in sheer capacity for really scientific and logical thinking, Kaiser's was probably the best mind that has ever applied itself to subject indexing." Kaiser was an admirer of "system." By systematic indexing he meant indicating information not with natural language expressions as, for instance, Cutter had advocated, but with artificial expressions constructed according to formulas. Kaiser grudged natural language its approximateness, its vagaries, and its ambiguities. The formulas he introduced were to provide a "machinery for regularising or standardising language" (paragraph 67). Kaiser recognized three categories or "facets" of index terms: (1) terms of concretes, representing things, real or imaginary (e.g., money, machines); (2) terms of processes, representing either conditions attaching to things or their actions (e.g., trade, manufacture); and (3) terms of localities, representing, for the most part, countries (e.g., France, South Africa). Expressions in Kaiser's index language were called statements. Statements consisted of sequences of terms, the syntax of which was prescribed by formula. These formulas specified sequences of terms by reference to category types. Only three citation orders were permitted: a term in the concrete category followed by one in the process category (e.g., Wool-Scouring); (2) a country term followed by a process term (e.g., Brazil - Education); and (3) a concrete term followed by a country term, followed by a process term (e.g., Nitrate-Chile-Trade). Kaiser's system was a precursor of two of the most significant developments in twentieth-century approaches to subject access-the special purpose use of language for indexing, thus the concept of index language, which was to emerge as a generative idea at the time of the second Cranfield experiment (1966) and the use of facets to categorize subject indicators, which was to become the characterizing feature of analytico-synthetic indexing methods such as the Colon classification. In addition to its visionary quality, Kaiser's work is notable for its meticulousness and honesty, as can be seen, for instance, in his observations about the difficulties in facet definition.
-
Khanna, J.K.: Analytico-synthetic classification : (a study in CC-7) (1994)
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- Abstract
- ANALYTICO-SYNTHETIC CLASSIFICATION- the brain-child of S.R. Ranganathan has brought about an intellectual revolution in the theory and methodology of library classification by generating new ideas. By his vast erudition and deeper research in the Universe of Subjects, Ranganathan applied a postulation approach to classification based on the concept of facet analysis, Phase Analysis, Sector Analysis and Zone Analysis. His enquiry into the concept of fundamental Categories as well as the Analytico-Synthetic quality associated with it, the use of different connecting symbols as in the Meccano apparatus for constructing expressive class numbers for subjects of any depth, the versality of Notation, the analysis of Rounds and Levels, the formation and sharpening of Isolates through various devices, the introduction of the novel concepts of Specals, Systems, Speciators, and Environment Constituents has systematized the whole study of classification into principles, rules and canons. These new methodologies in classification invented as a part of Colon Classification have not only lifted practical classification form mere guess work to scientific methodology but also form an important theme in international conferences. The present work discusses in details the unique methodologies of Ranganathan as used in CC-7. The concepts of Primary Basic Subjects and Non -Primary Basic Subjects have also been discussed at length.
- Content
- Inhalt: 1. Species of Clasification 2. The Making of an Analytico -Synthetic Classification 3. Analytico -Synthetic Classification 4. Basic Subject 5. Primary Basic Subject 6. Non-Primary Basic Subject 7. Notation 8. Fundamental Categories 9. Rounds and Lvels 10. Facet Analyysis and Facet Sequence 11. Phase Realtion 12. Devices in Colon Classification 13. Common Isolates 14. Spece Isolates 15. Lnaguage Isolates 16. Time Isolates 17. Call Number-Class Numbers-Book Number 18. Ranganathan's nfluence on International Classification Thought 19. Alphabetical Index to the Schedule of Basic Subjects
-
BSO: Broad system of ordering : schedule and index (1978)
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-
Dousa, T.: Everything Old is New Again : Perspectivism and Polyhierarchy in Julius O. Kaiser's Theory of Systematic Indexing (2007)
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- Abstract
- In the early years of the 20th century, Julius Otto Kaiser (1868-1927), a special librarian and indexer of technical literature, developed a method of knowledge organization (KO) known as systematic indexing. Certain elements of the method-its stipulation that all indexing terms be divided into fundamental categories "concretes", "countries", and "processes", which are then to be synthesized into indexing "statements" formulated according to strict rules of citation order-have long been recognized as precursors to key principles of the theory of faceted classification. However, other, less well-known elements of the method may prove no less interesting to practitioners of KO. In particular, two aspects of systematic indexing seem to prefigure current trends in KO: (1) a perspectivist outlook that rejects universal classifications in favor of information organization systems customized to reflect local needs and (2) the incorporation of index terms extracted from source documents into a polyhierarchical taxonomical structure. Kaiser's perspectivism anticipates postmodern theories of KO, while his principled use of polyhierarchy to organize terms derived from the language of source documents provides a potentially fruitful model that can inform current discussions about harvesting natural-language terms, such as tags, and incorporating them into a flexibly structured controlled vocabulary.
- Source
- Proceedings 18th Workshop of the American Society for Information Science and Technology Special Interest Group in Classification Research, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Ed.: Lussky, Joan
-
Lin, W.-Y.C.: ¬The concept and applications of faceted classifications (2006)
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- Abstract
- The concept of faceted classification has its long history and importance in the human civilization. Recently, more and more consumer Web sites adopt the idea of facet analysis to organize and display their products or services. The aim of this article is to review the origin and develpment of faceted classification, as well as its concepts, essence, advantage and limitation. Further, the applications of faceted classification in various domians have been explored.
- Date
- 27. 5.2007 22:19:35
-
Tennis, J.T.: Facets and fugit tempus : considering time's effect on faceted classification schemes (2012)
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- Abstract
- Describes the effect of scheme change on the semantics in faceted classification. Two types of change are identified: ecological change and lexical change. Examples from different editions of the Colon Classification are used to illustrate change.
- Date
- 2. 6.2013 18:33:22
-
Perugini, S.: Supporting multiple paths to objects in information hierarchies : faceted classification, faceted search, and symbolic links (2010)
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- Abstract
- We present three fundamental, interrelated approaches to support multiple access paths to each terminal object in information hierarchies: faceted classification, faceted search, and web directories with embedded symbolic links. This survey aims to demonstrate how each approach supports users who seek information from multiple perspectives. We achieve this by exploring each approach, the relationships between these approaches, including tradeoffs, and how they can be used in concert, while focusing on a core set of hypermedia elements common to all. This approach provides a foundation from which to study, understand, and synthesize applications which employ these techniques. This survey does not aim to be comprehensive, but rather focuses on thematic issues.
- Source
- Information processing and management. 46(2010) no.1, S.22-43
-
Gnoli, C.; Merli, G.; Pavan, G.; Bernuzzi, E.; Priano, M.: Freely faceted classification for a Web-based bibliographic archive : the BioAcoustic Reference Database (2010)
0.03
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- Abstract
- The Integrative Level Classification (ILC) research project is experimenting with a knowledge organization system based on phenomena rather than disciplines. Each phenomenon has a constant notation, which can be combined with that of any other phenomenon in a freely faceted structure. Citation order can express differential focality of the facets. Very specific subjects can have long classmarks, although their complexity is reduced by various devices. Freely faceted classification is being tested by indexing a corpus of about 3300 papers in the interdisciplinary domain of bioacoustics. The subjects of these papers often include phenomena from a wide variety of integrative levels (mechanical waves, animals, behaviour, vessels, fishing, law, ...) as well as information about the methods of study, as predicted in the León Manifesto. The archive is recorded in a MySQL database, and can be fed and searched through PHP Web interfaces. Indexer's work is made easier by mechanisms that suggest possible classes on the basis of matching title words with terms in the ILC schedules, and synthesize automatically the verbal caption corresponding to the classmark being edited. Users can search the archive by selecting and combining values in each facet. Search refinement should be improved, especially for the cases where no record, or too many records, match the faceted query. However, experience is being gained progressively, showing that freely faceted classification by phenomena, theories, and methods is feasible and successfully working.
- Source
- Wissensspeicher in digitalen Räumen: Nachhaltigkeit - Verfügbarkeit - semantische Interoperabilität. Proceedings der 11. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation, Konstanz, 20. bis 22. Februar 2008. Hrsg.: J. Sieglerschmidt u. H.P.Ohly
-
Heuvel, C. van den: Multidimensional classifications : past and future conceptualizations and visualizations (2012)
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- Abstract
- This paper maps the concepts "space" and "dimensionality" in classifications, in particular in visualizations hereof, from a historical perspective. After a historical excursion in the domain of classification theory of what in mathematics is known as dimensionality reduction in representations of a single universe of knowledge, its potentiality will be explored for information retrieval and navigation in the multiverse of the World Wide Web.
- Date
- 22. 2.2013 11:31:25
-
Mills, J.; Broughton, V.: Bliss Bibliographic Classification : Introduction and auxiliary schedules (1992)
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- COMPASS
- Documents / Subject classification
- LCSH
- Classification, Bibliographic
Bliss Bibliographic classification
- PRECIS
- Documents / Subject classification schemes: Bliss, Henry Evelyn / Bliss bibliographic classification / Texts
- Subject
- Classification, Bibliographic
Bliss Bibliographic classification
Documents / Subject classification schemes: Bliss, Henry Evelyn / Bliss bibliographic classification / Texts
Documents / Subject classification
-
Satija, M. P.: Use of Colon Classification (1986)
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- Source
- International classification. 13(1986), S.88-92
-
Mills, J.: Bibliographic classification (1976)
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- Source
- Classification in the 1970s: a second look. Rev. ed. Ed.: A. Maltby
-
Dousa, T.M.; Ibekwe-SanJuan, F.: Epistemological and methodological eclecticism in the construction of knowledge organization systems (KOSs) : the case of analytico-synthetic KOSs (2014)
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- Abstract
- In recent years, Hjørland has developed a typology of basic epistemological approaches to KO that identifies four basic positions - empiricism, rationalism, historicism/hermeneutics, and pragmatism -with which to characterize the epistemological bases and methodological orientation of KOSs. Although scholars of KO have noted that the design of a single KOS may incorporate epistemological-methodological features from more than one of these approaches, studies of concrete examples of epistemologico-methodological eclecticism have been rare. In this paper, we consider the phenomenon of epistemologico-methodological eclecticism in one theoretically significant family of KOSs - namely analytico-synthetic, or faceted, KOSs - by examining two cases - Julius Otto Kaiser's method of Systematic Indexing (SI) and Brian Vickery's method of facet analysis (FA) for document classification. We show that both of these systems combined classical features of rationalism with elements of empiricism and pragmatism and argue that such eclecticism is the norm, rather than the exception, for such KOSs in general.
- Source
- Knowledge organization in the 21st century: between historical patterns and future prospects. Proceedings of the Thirteenth International ISKO Conference 19-22 May 2014, Kraków, Poland. Ed.: Wieslaw Babik
-
Tomlinson, H.: Report on work for new general classification scheme (1969)
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- Source
- Classification and information control. Papers representing the work of the Classification Research Group during 1960-1968
-
Austin, D.: ¬The theory of integrative levels reconsidered as the basis of a general classification (1969)
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- Source
- Classification and information control. Papers representing the work of the Classification Research Group during 1960-1968
-
Mills, J.: Library classification (1970)
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