-
Belkin, N.J.; Croft, W.B.: Retrieval techniques (1987)
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- Source
- Annual review of information science and technology. 22(1987), S.109-145
-
Croft, W.B.: Advances in information retrieval : Recent research from the Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval (2000)
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- Classification
- QA76.9.D3 A34835 2000
- LCC
- QA76.9.D3 A34835 2000
- Year
- 2000
-
Allan, J.; Callan, J.P.; Croft, W.B.; Ballesteros, L.; Broglio, J.; Xu, J.; Shu, H.: INQUERY at TREC-5 (1997)
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- Date
- 27. 2.1999 20:55:22
-
Croft, W.B.: Combining approaches to information retrieval (2000)
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- Year
- 2000
-
Xu, J.; Croft, W.B.: Topic-based language models for distributed retrieval (2000)
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- Year
- 2000
-
Liu, X.; Croft, W.B.: Statistical language modeling for information retrieval (2004)
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- Abstract
- This chapter reviews research and applications in statistical language modeling for information retrieval (IR), which has emerged within the past several years as a new probabilistic framework for describing information retrieval processes. Generally speaking, statistical language modeling, or more simply language modeling (LM), involves estimating a probability distribution that captures statistical regularities of natural language use. Applied to information retrieval, language modeling refers to the problem of estimating the likelihood that a query and a document could have been generated by the same language model, given the language model of the document either with or without a language model of the query. The roots of statistical language modeling date to the beginning of the twentieth century when Markov tried to model letter sequences in works of Russian literature (Manning & Schütze, 1999). Zipf (1929, 1932, 1949, 1965) studied the statistical properties of text and discovered that the frequency of works decays as a Power function of each works rank. However, it was Shannon's (1951) work that inspired later research in this area. In 1951, eager to explore the applications of his newly founded information theory to human language, Shannon used a prediction game involving n-grams to investigate the information content of English text. He evaluated n-gram models' performance by comparing their crossentropy an texts with the true entropy estimated using predictions made by human subjects. For many years, statistical language models have been used primarily for automatic speech recognition. Since 1980, when the first significant language model was proposed (Rosenfeld, 2000), statistical language modeling has become a fundamental component of speech recognition, machine translation, and spelling correction.
