-
Chen, H.-M.; Cooper, M.D.: Stochastic modeling of usage patterns in a Web-based information system (2002)
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- Abstract
- Users move from one state (or task) to another in an information system's labyrinth as they try to accomplish their work, and the amount of time they spend in each state varies. This article uses continuous-time stochastic models, mainly based on semi-Markov chains, to derive user state transition patterns (both in rates and in probabilities) in a Web-based information system. The methodology was demonstrated with 126,925 search sessions drawn from the transaction logs of the University of California's MELVYL® library catalog system (www.melvyLucop.edu). First, user sessions were categorized into six groups based on their similar use of the system. Second, by using a three-layer hierarchical taxonomy of the system Web pages, user sessions in each usage group were transformed into a sequence of states. All the usage groups but one have third-order sequential dependency in state transitions. The sole exception has fourth-order sequential dependency. The transition rates as well as transition probabilities of the semi-Markov model provide a background for interpreting user behavior probabilistically, at various levels of detail. Finally, the differences in derived usage patterns between usage groups were tested statistically. The test results showed that different groups have distinct patterns of system use. Knowledge of the extent of sequential dependency is beneficial because it allows one to predict a user's next move in a search space based on the past moves that have been made. It can also be used to help customize the design of the user interface to the system to facilitate interaction. The group CL6 labeled "knowledgeable and sophisticated usage" and the group CL7 labeled "unsophisticated usage" both had third-order sequential dependency and had the same most-frequently occurring search pattern: screen display, record display, screen display, and record display. The group CL8 called "highly interactive use with good search results" had fourth-order sequential dependency, and its most frequently occurring pattern was the same as CL6 and CL7 with one more screen display action added. The group CL13, called "known-item searching" had third-order sequential dependency, and its most frequently occurring pattern was index access, search with retrievals, screen display, and record display. Group CL14 called "help intensive searching," and CL18 called "relatively unsuccessful" both had thirdorder sequential dependency, and for both groups the most frequently occurring pattern was index access, search without retrievals, index access, and again, search without retrievals.
-
Poulter, A.: Towards a virtual reality library (1993)
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- Abstract
- It is argued that the current generation of online catalogues do not meet basic user expectations about how to search for information. After a brief examination of virtual reality and its associated technology, a new form of online catalogue, the 'virtual reality library' is proposed. Users browse an information space, a computer-controlled set of shelf orderings for items. Its form, workings and design are investigated in detail. The concept of the virtual reality library is then applied to information resources which either have no physical repository or have one which is not accessible to users
-
Cross, A.: ¬The OPAC and community information (1997)
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- Abstract
- Hertfordshire Libraries, Arts & Information, UK, has made its library catalogue and a community information resource of over 10.000 items available on the WWW through the ALS InfoCentre system. It is currently discussing establishing a managed service for the WWW server in order to maintain a fresh presence on the Web and to sell Web space to recoup investment
-
Cherry, J.M.; Clinton, M.: ¬An experimental investigation of two types of instruction for OPAC users (1991)
0.03
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- Abstract
- Reports an investigation into the feasibility of usinf tutorials to train students to use on-line public access catalogues (OPACs). The library developed instructional software which conveys a conceptual model of an on-line catalogue and how it works. Reports the results of an experiment conducted to compare the effectiveness of the computer tutorial and the standard introductory classroom lecture on using the OPAC at the University of Toronto
- Source
- Canadian journal of information science. 16(1991) no.4, S.2-22
-
Seruga, J.: Object-oriented modeling of a library information system (1997)
0.03
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- Abstract
- Analyses the OPAC at the Australian Catholic University in New South Wales, Castle Hill Campus using an object oriented model following Rumbaugh's methodology, as described in 'Object oriented modelling and design, 1991'. The process of analysis, although difficult, is one of the most effective ways of determining each function of a system of this kind. The methodology is especially useful as the data structure, behavioural and functional aspects of the system are displayed in separate diagrams. This is an advantage for those analysing systems, who can display many factors without confusing different aspects involved in the analysis process
- Source
- LASIE. 28(1997) no.4, S.22-34
-
Goldberg, T.; Neagle, E.: Serials information in the OPAC : a model for shared responsibility (1996)
0.03
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- Source
- Serials review. 22(1996) no.4, S.55-63
-
Pollitt, A.S.; Tinker, A.J.; Braekevelt, P.A.J.: Improving access to online information using dynamic faceted classification (1998)
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- Abstract
- The human natural ability to store and process images and speech provides clues for improving access to online information. The principles underpinning the maps people use in their minds can be applied to maps that can be presented at the user interface to online systems. Traditional classification organizes information into structured hierarchies and simplifies the search problem, but has serious limitations. Discusses the prospects for improving access to online information through the application of dynamic faceted classification. Presents a glimpse into the navigation of n-dimensional information space for future library OPACs using a modified DDC
-
Beaulieu, M.: Experiments on interfaces to support query expansion (1997)
0.03
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- Abstract
- Focuses on the user and human-computer interaction (HCI) aspects of the research based on the Okapi text retrieval system. Describes 3 experiments using different approaches to query expansion, highlighting the relationship between the functionality of a system and different interface designs. These experiments involve both automatic and interactive query expansion, and both character based and GUI (graphical user interface) environments. The effectiveness of the search interaction for query expansion depends on resolving opposing interface and functional aspects, e.g. automatic vs. interactive query expansion, explicit vs. implicit use of a thesaurus, and document vs. query space
-
Lin, X.: Map displays for information retrieval (1997)
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- Abstract
- The focus of this article is to develop a map display for information retrieval. Through an examination of relationships among visual displays, information retrieval, and browsing, advantages of visual displays for information retrieval are characterized as (1) the ability to convey a large amount of information in a limited space, (2) the potential to reveal semantic relationships of terms and documents; and (3) the facilitation of browsing and perceptual inferences on retrieval interfaces. These advantages are further demonstrated through a map display generated by a neural network's self-organizing algorithm. The map display detects complex relationships among given documents, and reveals the relationships through a spatial arrangement of terms abstracted from the documents. The map display also provides interactive tools to allow the user to interact with the underlying information. Examples of the map displays show that such map displays can be used both as an overview tool and an access or exploration tool, and the map displays will likely increase the amount of information that the user is willing to browse
-
Pejtersen, A.M.: ¬A framework for indexing and representation of information based on work domain analysis : a fiction classification example (1994)
0.02
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- Abstract
- Information retrieval and exploration of work domains through databases and integrated information systems has become increasingly important in many modern work settings (as well as in libraries). The problem space of the users is defined on occasion by the dynamically changing requirements from their tasks and goals. it is argued that IR system design should be based on an analysis of the properties of the work domain, the task situation and the user characteristics. The paper describes a general framework for IR system design that has been used in the design of a library system. A special problem identified from use of the framework in domain analysis of fiction retrieval is treated in more detail: mapping the authors' domain structures to the domain structures expressed in users' needs in indexing and representation of fiction
-
Oberhauser, O.: Card-Image Public Access Catalogues (CIPACs) : issues concerned with their planning and implementation (2003)
0.02
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- Abstract
- This article identifies and discusses the issues and problems that need to be considered in the process of planning and implementing card-image public access catalogues (CIPACs). CIPACs are online library catalogues based an databases of digitised catalogue cards with more or less sophisticated mechanisms for browsing or searching. Solutions of this kind have been implemented by a number of libraries in various countries since the mid-1990s, mainly as inexpensive alternatives to full retrospective conversion of their old catalogues. Based upon a questionnaire and relevant literature, the article looks at the following aspects: cost, conversion Speed, universal access, saving of space, preservational aspects, Software selection, preparing the card catalogue for conversion, scanning and quality control, image standards, optical character recognition, manual and intellectual input, technological aspects, administrative tools, organisational aspects, peculiarities of old catalogues, presentation of CIPACs to the users, and life expectancy of card-image catalogues.
-
Nielsen, B.: Educating the online catalog user : a model for instructional development and evaluation: final report (1985)
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-
Martin, R.G.: Design considerations for an OPAC workstation : an introduction to specifications and a model configuration (1989)
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-
Nielsen, B.; Baker, B.K.: Educating the online catalog user : a model evaluation study (1987)
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-
Zumer, M.; Riesthuis, G.J.A.: Consequences of implementing FRBR : are we ready to open pandora's box? (2002)
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- Abstract
- The study Functional Requirements for Bibliograpbic Records (FRBR) was commissioned by IFLA and published in 1998. It defines the core functions of a catalogue (and bibliographic records) as a gateway to information. For that purpose an abstract entity-relationship model of a catalogue is proposed. The FRBR model is revolutionary. The (computer) catalogue is not seen as a sequence of bibliographic records and a replica of the traditional card catalogue, but rather as a network of connected entities, enabling the user to perform seamlessly all the necessary functions. So far there has been some theoretical discussion of the model and some limited experiments, but there is a lack of research in how to implement this theoretical model in practice, in new-generation catalogues. In this paper some reactions to the model are analysed. The main focus is an consequences of the model for the OPAC interface design, particularly the searching functionality and display of results.
-
Bates, M.J.: Subject access in online catalogs: a design model (1986)
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-
Borgman, C.L.: ¬The user's mental model of an information retrieval system : an experiment on a prototype online catalogue (1986)
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-
Kantor, P.B.: ¬A model for stopping behavior of the users of on-line systems (1987)
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-
Walker, S.: Improving subject access painlessly : recent work on the Okapi online catalogue projects (1988)
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- Source
- Program. 22(1988), S.21-31
-
Hug, H.; Nöthiger, R.: ETHICS: an online public access catalogue at ETH-Bibliothek, Zürich (1988)
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- Source
- Program. 22(1988), S.133-142
