Search (194 results, page 1 of 10)

  • × language_ss:"d"
  • × type_ss:"m"
  1. Gulbins, J.; Kahrmann, C.: Mut zur Typographie : ein Kurs für Desktop-Publishing (2000) 0.09
    0.09073463 = product of:
      0.18146926 = sum of:
        0.18146926 = product of:
          0.36293852 = sum of:
            0.36293852 = weight(_text_:desktop in 6723) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.36293852 = score(doc=6723,freq=6.0), product of:
                0.34311315 = queryWeight, product of:
                  6.9093957 = idf(docFreq=119, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.049658924 = queryNorm
                1.0577809 = fieldWeight in 6723, product of:
                  2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                    6.0 = termFreq=6.0
                  6.9093957 = idf(docFreq=119, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6723)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    RSWK
    Typographie / Desktop publishing (21)
    Subject
    Typographie / Desktop publishing (21)
  2. Schwarz, N.: Einführung in TeX : mit Version 3.0 (1991) 0.06
    0.05556339 = product of:
      0.11112678 = sum of:
        0.11112678 = product of:
          0.22225356 = sum of:
            0.22225356 = weight(_text_:desktop in 1526) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.22225356 = score(doc=1526,freq=4.0), product of:
                0.34311315 = queryWeight, product of:
                  6.9093957 = idf(docFreq=119, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.049658924 = queryNorm
                0.64775586 = fieldWeight in 1526, product of:
                  2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                    4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                  6.9093957 = idf(docFreq=119, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1526)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Classification
    ST 351 T28 Informatik / Monographien / Einzelne Anwendungen der Datenverarbeitung / Textverarbeitung, Desktop Publishing / Einzelne Programme (A-Z) / Programme T / TEX; LATEX
    RVK
    ST 351 T28 Informatik / Monographien / Einzelne Anwendungen der Datenverarbeitung / Textverarbeitung, Desktop Publishing / Einzelne Programme (A-Z) / Programme T / TEX; LATEX
  3. Rieger, W.: SGML für die Praxis : Ansatz und Einsatz von ISO 8879; mit einer Einführung in HTML (1995) 0.05
    0.052385665 = product of:
      0.10477133 = sum of:
        0.10477133 = product of:
          0.20954266 = sum of:
            0.20954266 = weight(_text_:desktop in 1640) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.20954266 = score(doc=1640,freq=8.0), product of:
                0.34311315 = queryWeight, product of:
                  6.9093957 = idf(docFreq=119, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.049658924 = queryNorm
                0.6107101 = fieldWeight in 1640, product of:
                  2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                    8.0 = termFreq=8.0
                  6.9093957 = idf(docFreq=119, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1640)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Classification
    ST 351 Informatik / Monographien / Einzelne Anwendungen der Datenverarbeitung / Textverarbeitung, Desktop Publishing / Einzelne Programme (A-Z)
    ST 351 G47 Informatik / Monographien / Einzelne Anwendungen der Datenverarbeitung / Textverarbeitung, Desktop Publishing / Einzelne Programme (A-Z) / SGML
    RVK
    ST 351 Informatik / Monographien / Einzelne Anwendungen der Datenverarbeitung / Textverarbeitung, Desktop Publishing / Einzelne Programme (A-Z)
    ST 351 G47 Informatik / Monographien / Einzelne Anwendungen der Datenverarbeitung / Textverarbeitung, Desktop Publishing / Einzelne Programme (A-Z) / SGML
  4. Riehm, U.; Böhle, K.; Gabel-Becker, I.; Wingert, B.: Elektronisches Publizieren : eine kritische Bestandsaufnahme (1992) 0.05
    0.04630282 = product of:
      0.09260564 = sum of:
        0.09260564 = product of:
          0.18521129 = sum of:
            0.18521129 = weight(_text_:desktop in 1585) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.18521129 = score(doc=1585,freq=4.0), product of:
                0.34311315 = queryWeight, product of:
                  6.9093957 = idf(docFreq=119, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.049658924 = queryNorm
                0.53979653 = fieldWeight in 1585, product of:
                  2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                    4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                  6.9093957 = idf(docFreq=119, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1585)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Classification
    ST 350 Informatik / Monographien / Einzelne Anwendungen der Datenverarbeitung / Textverarbeitung, Desktop Publishing
    RVK
    ST 350 Informatik / Monographien / Einzelne Anwendungen der Datenverarbeitung / Textverarbeitung, Desktop Publishing
  5. Hofmann, M.; Simon, L.: Problemlösung Hypertext : Grundlagen - Entwicklung - Anwendung (1995) 0.05
    0.04630282 = product of:
      0.09260564 = sum of:
        0.09260564 = product of:
          0.18521129 = sum of:
            0.18521129 = weight(_text_:desktop in 2474) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.18521129 = score(doc=2474,freq=4.0), product of:
                0.34311315 = queryWeight, product of:
                  6.9093957 = idf(docFreq=119, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.049658924 = queryNorm
                0.53979653 = fieldWeight in 2474, product of:
                  2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                    4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                  6.9093957 = idf(docFreq=119, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2474)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Classification
    ST 351 H97 Informatik / Monographien / Einzelne Anwendungen der Datenverarbeitung / Textverarbeitung, Desktop Publishing / Einzelne Programme (A-Z) / Programme H / Hypertext
    RVK
    ST 351 H97 Informatik / Monographien / Einzelne Anwendungen der Datenverarbeitung / Textverarbeitung, Desktop Publishing / Einzelne Programme (A-Z) / Programme H / Hypertext
  6. Gödert, W.; Lepsky, K.: Informationelle Kompetenz : ein humanistischer Entwurf (2019) 0.05
    0.0460084 = product of:
      0.0920168 = sum of:
        0.0920168 = product of:
          0.2760504 = sum of:
            0.2760504 = weight(_text_:3a in 5955) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.2760504 = score(doc=5955,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.4210089 = queryWeight, product of:
                  8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.049658924 = queryNorm
                0.65568775 = fieldWeight in 5955, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5955)
          0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Footnote
    Rez. in: Philosophisch-ethische Rezensionen vom 09.11.2019 (Jürgen Czogalla), Unter: https://philosophisch-ethische-rezensionen.de/rezension/Goedert1.html. In: B.I.T. online 23(2020) H.3, S.345-347 (W. Sühl-Strohmenger) [Unter: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.b-i-t-online.de%2Fheft%2F2020-03-rezensionen.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0iY3f_zNcvEjeZ6inHVnOK]. In: Open Password Nr. 805 vom 14.08.2020 (H.-C. Hobohm) [Unter: https://www.password-online.de/?mailpoet_router&endpoint=view_in_browser&action=view&data=WzE0MywiOGI3NjZkZmNkZjQ1IiwwLDAsMTMxLDFd].
  7. Kuhlen, R.: Hypertext : ein nichtlineares Medium zwischen Buch und Wissensbank (1991) 0.04
    0.03704226 = product of:
      0.07408452 = sum of:
        0.07408452 = product of:
          0.14816904 = sum of:
            0.14816904 = weight(_text_:desktop in 343) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.14816904 = score(doc=343,freq=4.0), product of:
                0.34311315 = queryWeight, product of:
                  6.9093957 = idf(docFreq=119, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.049658924 = queryNorm
                0.43183723 = fieldWeight in 343, product of:
                  2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                    4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                  6.9093957 = idf(docFreq=119, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=343)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Classification
    ST 351 H97 Informatik / Monographien / Einzelne Anwendungen der Datenverarbeitung / Textverarbeitung, Desktop Publishing / Einzelne Programme (A-Z) / Programme H / Hypertext
    RVK
    ST 351 H97 Informatik / Monographien / Einzelne Anwendungen der Datenverarbeitung / Textverarbeitung, Desktop Publishing / Einzelne Programme (A-Z) / Programme H / Hypertext
  8. Dennett, D.C.: Philosophie des menschlichen Bewußtseins (1994) 0.03
    0.028544907 = product of:
      0.057089813 = sum of:
        0.057089813 = product of:
          0.114179626 = sum of:
            0.114179626 = weight(_text_:22 in 3166) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.114179626 = score(doc=3166,freq=4.0), product of:
                0.17389709 = queryWeight, product of:
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.049658924 = queryNorm
                0.6565931 = fieldWeight in 3166, product of:
                  2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                    4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=3166)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Date
    22. 7.2000 19:22:32
  9. Gehirn und Bewußtsein (1989) 0.03
    0.026912395 = product of:
      0.05382479 = sum of:
        0.05382479 = product of:
          0.10764958 = sum of:
            0.10764958 = weight(_text_:22 in 2507) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.10764958 = score(doc=2507,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.17389709 = queryWeight, product of:
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.049658924 = queryNorm
                0.61904186 = fieldWeight in 2507, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=2507)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Date
    22. 7.2000 18:21:08
  10. Ehrlich, U.: Bedeutungsanalyse in einem sprachverstehenden System unter Berücksichtigung pragmatischer Faktoren (1990) 0.03
    0.026912395 = product of:
      0.05382479 = sum of:
        0.05382479 = product of:
          0.10764958 = sum of:
            0.10764958 = weight(_text_:22 in 6132) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.10764958 = score(doc=6132,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.17389709 = queryWeight, product of:
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.049658924 = queryNorm
                0.61904186 = fieldWeight in 6132, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=6132)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Series
    Sprache und Information; 22
  11. ¬Der Internet-Praktiker : Referenz und Programme (1995) 0.03
    0.026912395 = product of:
      0.05382479 = sum of:
        0.05382479 = product of:
          0.10764958 = sum of:
            0.10764958 = weight(_text_:22 in 4913) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.10764958 = score(doc=4913,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.17389709 = queryWeight, product of:
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.049658924 = queryNorm
                0.61904186 = fieldWeight in 4913, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4913)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Date
    23. 8.1996 12:51:22
  12. Boden, H.: Bibliographische Ermittlungsaufgaben : Gruppenaufgaben 01-35 (1980) 0.03
    0.026912395 = product of:
      0.05382479 = sum of:
        0.05382479 = product of:
          0.10764958 = sum of:
            0.10764958 = weight(_text_:22 in 3679) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.10764958 = score(doc=3679,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.17389709 = queryWeight, product of:
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.049658924 = queryNorm
                0.61904186 = fieldWeight in 3679, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=3679)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Date
    22. 5.1999 18:14:05
  13. Stock, M.; Stock, W.G.: Recherchieren im Internet (2004) 0.03
    0.026912395 = product of:
      0.05382479 = sum of:
        0.05382479 = product of:
          0.10764958 = sum of:
            0.10764958 = weight(_text_:22 in 4686) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.10764958 = score(doc=4686,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.17389709 = queryWeight, product of:
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.049658924 = queryNorm
                0.61904186 = fieldWeight in 4686, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4686)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Date
    27.11.2005 18:04:22
  14. Ratzka, A.: Patternbasiertes User Interface Design für multimodale Interaktion : Identifikation und Validierung von Patterns auf Basis einer Analyse der Forschungsliteratur und explorativer Benutzertests an Systemprototypen (2010) 0.03
    0.026192833 = product of:
      0.052385665 = sum of:
        0.052385665 = product of:
          0.10477133 = sum of:
            0.10477133 = weight(_text_:desktop in 4094) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.10477133 = score(doc=4094,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.34311315 = queryWeight, product of:
                  6.9093957 = idf(docFreq=119, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.049658924 = queryNorm
                0.30535504 = fieldWeight in 4094, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  6.9093957 = idf(docFreq=119, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=4094)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Abstract
    Seit den 90er Jahren wird intensiv in verschiedensten Projekten an multimodalen Interaktionstechniken und verschiedenartigsten Modalitätskombinationen aus Sprache, Gesten, Mimik, Blickbewegungen etc. geforscht. Man hofft, im Rahmen von multimodalen Interaktionsparadigmen natürlichere, robustere, flexiblere und leistungsfähigere Benutzerschnittstellen gestalten zu können. Traditionelle Entwicklungsansätze f¨ur multimodale Interaktion bieten Implementierungs- und Prototyping-Hilfsmittel und Formalismen zur Spezifikation der Benutzerschnittstelle. Andere Ansätze legen ihren Fokus auf guidelinebasierte Entscheidungsunterstützung für die Anfangsphasen der Anforderungsanalyse. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, diese traditionellen Ansätze zu ergänzen. Mit Hilfe von User Interface Patterns - von Mustern erfolgreicher Systemrealisierungen - sollen nicht nur frühe Designphasen, sondern auch spätere Stufen des detaillierten Designs durch konkrete Entscheidungshilfen unterstützt werden. In dieser Arbeit wurde im Rahmen einer Metastudie über die Forschungsliteratur ein Katalog von User Interface Patterns identifiziert. Hierzu wurden allgemeine aus Forschungsergebnissen der Psychologie und Mensch- Maschine-Interaktion abgeleitete Prinzipien, Beschreibungen der im Rahmen von Forschungsprojekten entstandenen multimodalen Prototypen und auf diesen basierende empirische Forschungsergebnisse analysiert. Im Rahmen des praktischen Teils der Arbeit wurden f¨ur zwei Szenarien (PDA und Desktop) jeweils ein Wizard-of-Oz-Prototyp und ein eigenständiger "Stand-alone"-Prototyp zur E-Mail-Kommunikation umgesetzt. Diese Prototypen dienten zunächst zur exemplarischen Verifikation einiger der Patterns. Benutzertests zeigten die Plausibilität und Akzeptanz der eingesetzten Muster, insbesondere der Patterns Sprachkürzel, alternative Eingabemöglichkeiten und sprachgestütztes Formular, auf. Die Untersuchung der Augenbewegungen zeigte, dass Blickbewegungsdaten Hinweise auf Benutzerabsichten bieten können, dies allerdings von der aktuellen Aufgabe abhängt. Hier ist weitere Forschung notwendig, um neue, natürlichere und einfacher zu verwendende multimodale Bedienkonzepte zu entwickeln.
  15. Alkon, D.L.: Gedächtnisspur : auf der Suche nach Erinnerung (1995) 0.02
    0.02378742 = product of:
      0.04757484 = sum of:
        0.04757484 = product of:
          0.09514968 = sum of:
            0.09514968 = weight(_text_:22 in 3908) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.09514968 = score(doc=3908,freq=4.0), product of:
                0.17389709 = queryWeight, product of:
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.049658924 = queryNorm
                0.54716086 = fieldWeight in 3908, product of:
                  2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                    4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3908)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Date
    22. 3.1997 13:55:08
    22. 7.2000 18:46:59
  16. Capurro, R.: Buchkultur im Informationszeitalter : Überlegungen zum Bezug zwischen Bibliotheken, Datenbanken und Nutzern (1984) 0.02
    0.023548344 = product of:
      0.04709669 = sum of:
        0.04709669 = product of:
          0.09419338 = sum of:
            0.09419338 = weight(_text_:22 in 2684) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.09419338 = score(doc=2684,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.17389709 = queryWeight, product of:
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.049658924 = queryNorm
                0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 2684, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=2684)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Pages
    22 S
  17. Aßfalg, R.: Integration eines offenen Hypertextsystems in den Internet-Mehrwertdienst World Wide Web : ein Ansatz unter Verwendung eines objektorientierten Datenbanksystems (1996) 0.02
    0.023548344 = product of:
      0.04709669 = sum of:
        0.04709669 = product of:
          0.09419338 = sum of:
            0.09419338 = weight(_text_:22 in 6562) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.09419338 = score(doc=6562,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.17389709 = queryWeight, product of:
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.049658924 = queryNorm
                0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 6562, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=6562)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Date
    22. 2.1997 19:40:31
  18. Kmuche, W.: Strategischer Erfolgsfaktor Wissen : Content Management: der Weg zum erfolgreichen Informationsmanagement (2000) 0.02
    0.023548344 = product of:
      0.04709669 = sum of:
        0.04709669 = product of:
          0.09419338 = sum of:
            0.09419338 = weight(_text_:22 in 644) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.09419338 = score(doc=644,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.17389709 = queryWeight, product of:
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.049658924 = queryNorm
                0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 644, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=644)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Date
    19. 7.2002 22:05:14
  19. Jahrbuch der deutschen Bibliotheken (1999) 0.02
    0.023548344 = product of:
      0.04709669 = sum of:
        0.04709669 = product of:
          0.09419338 = sum of:
            0.09419338 = weight(_text_:22 in 4365) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.09419338 = score(doc=4365,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.17389709 = queryWeight, product of:
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.049658924 = queryNorm
                0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 4365, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4365)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Date
    22. 1.2000 19:32:34
  20. Schultz, U.: Descartes : Biografie (2001) 0.02
    0.023548344 = product of:
      0.04709669 = sum of:
        0.04709669 = product of:
          0.09419338 = sum of:
            0.09419338 = weight(_text_:22 in 5623) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
              0.09419338 = score(doc=5623,freq=2.0), product of:
                0.17389709 = queryWeight, product of:
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.049658924 = queryNorm
                0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 5623, product of:
                  1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                    2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                  3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
                  0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=5623)
          0.5 = coord(1/2)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
    Footnote
    Rez. in: FR, Nr.125 vom 31.5.2001, S.22 (S. Hanuschek)

Years

Types

  • s 30
  • i 11
  • el 4
  • d 1
  • n 1
  • u 1
  • More… Less…

Subjects

Classifications