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Abstract

LIS professionals use structures for organizing knowledge when they catalog and classify objects in the collection, when they develop databases, when they design customized taxonomies, or when they search online. Structures for Organizing Knowledge: Exploring Taxonomies, Ontologies, and Other Schema explores and explains this basic function by looking at three questions: 1) How do we organize objects so that they make sense and are useful? 2) What role do categories, classifications, taxonomies, and other structures play in the process of organizing? 3) What do information professionals need to know about organizing behaviors in order to design useful structures for organizing knowledge? Taking a broad, yet specialized approach that is a first in the field, this book answers those questions by examining three threads: traditional structures for organizing knowledge; personal structures for organizing knowledge; and socially-constructed structures for organizing knowledge. Through these threads, it offers avenues for expanding thinking on classification and classification schemes, taxonomy and ontology development, and structures. Both a history of the development of taxonomies and an analysis of current research, theories, and applications, this volume explores a wide array of topics, including the new digital, social aspect of taxonomy development. Examples of subjects covered include: Formal and informal structures Applications of knowledge structures Classification schemes Early taxonomists and their contributions Social networking, bookmarking, and cataloging sites Cataloging codes Standards and best practices Tags, tagging, and folksonomies Descriptive cataloging Metadata schema standards Thought exercises, references, and a list of helpful websites augment each section. A final chapter, "Thinking Ahead: Are We at a Crossroads?" uses "envisioning exercises" to help LIS professionals look into the future.

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Footnote

The authors state that this book emerged from a proposal to do a second edition of Explorations in Indexing and Abstracting (O'Connor 1996); much of its content is the result of the authors' reaction to the reviews of this first edition and their realization for "the necessity to address some more fundamental questions". Rez. in: KO 38(2011) no.1, S.62-64 (L.F. Spiteri): "This book provides a good overview of the relationship between the document and the user; in this regard, it reinforces the importance of the clientcentred approach to the design of document representation systems. In the final chapter, the authors state: "We have offered examples of new ways to think about messages in all sorts of media and how they might be discovered, analyzed, synthesized, and generated. We brought together philosophical, scientific, and engineering notions into a fundamental model for just how we might understand doing this with information" (p. 225). The authors have certainly succeeded in highlighting the complex processes, nature, and implications of document representation systems, although, as has been seen, the novelty of some of their discussions and suggestions is sometimes limited. With further explanation, the FOC model may serve as a useful way to understand how to build document representation systems to better meet user needs."; vgl.: http://www.ergon-verlag.de/isko_ko/downloads/ko_38_2011_1e.pdf.

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Footnote

Rez. in: Mitt. VOEB 68(2015) H.1, S.180-183 (O.Oberhauser): "Aus dieser kurzen Skizze geht hervor, dass der vorliegende Band eine Reihe interessanter und mitunter auch brisanter Teilthemen beinhaltet. Wer an der Diskussion um die Rolle der meistgenutzten Suchmaschine in unserer Gesellschaft Interesse hat, findet in diesem Buch reichlich Material und Ideen. Jeder Beitrag wird zudem durch ein Literaturverzeichnis ergänzt, in dem weiterführende Quellen genannt werden. Die Beiträge sind durchweg "lesbar" geschrieben und nur in mässigem Ausmass von soziologischem oder rechtswissenschaftlichem Fachjargon durchsetzt. In stilistischer Hinsicht ist der Text dennoch nicht ohne Probleme, zumal bereits im ersten Absatz der Einleitung ein als Hauptsatz "verkaufter" Nebensatz auffällt ("Denn Suchmaschinenbetreiber wie Google ermöglichen und gestalten den Zugang zu Informationen im Netz.") und die gleiche stilistische Schwäche allein in der 19-seitigen Einleitung in über einem Dutzend weiterer Fälle registriert werden kann, vom nächsten Beitrag gar nicht zu sprechen. Ein funktionierendes Verlagslektorat hätte derlei rigoros bereinigen müssen. Es hätte eventuell auch dafür Sorge tragen können, dass am Ende des Bandes nicht nur ein Verzeichnis der Autorinnen und Autoren aufscheint, sondern auch ein Sachregister - ein solches fehlt nämlich bedauerlicherweise. In optischer Hinsicht ist der Hardcover-Band ansprechend gestaltet und gut gelungen. Der Preis liegt mit rund 80 Euro leider in der Oberklasse; auch die E-Book-Version macht die Anschaffung nicht billiger, da kein Preisunterschied zur gebundenen Ausgabe besteht. Dennoch ist das Buch aufgrund der interessanten Inhalte durchaus zu empfehlen; grössere Bibliotheken sowie kommunikations- und informationswissenschaftliche Spezialsammlungen sollten es nach Möglichkeit erwerben."

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Abstract

In this book, Ronald Day offers a critical history of the modern tradition of documentation. Focusing on the documentary index (understood as a mode of social positioning), and drawing on the work of the French documentalist Suzanne Briet, Day explores the understanding and uses of indexicality. He examines the transition as indexes went from being explicit professional structures that mediated users and documents to being implicit infrastructural devices used in everyday information and communication acts. Doing so, he also traces three epistemic eras in the representation of individuals and groups, first in the forms of documents, then information, then data. Day investigates five cases from the modern tradition of documentation. He considers the socio-technical instrumentalism of Paul Otlet, "the father of European documentation" (contrasting it to the hermeneutic perspective of Martin Heidegger); the shift from documentation to information science and the accompanying transformation of persons and texts into users and information; social media's use of algorithms, further subsuming persons and texts; attempts to build android robots -- to embody human agency within an information system that resembles a human being; and social "big data" as a technique of neoliberal governance that employs indexing and analytics for purposes of surveillance. Finally, Day considers the status of critique and judgment at a time when people and their rights of judgment are increasingly mediated, displaced, and replaced by modern documentary techniques.

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Date

24. 8.2016 14:03:22

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Content

CATEGORIES IN KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION L. Hajibayova and E. K. Jacob. A Theoretical Framework for Operationalizing Basic Level Categories in Knowledge Organization Research - A. Y. Asundi. Epistemological Basis of some Common Categories - A Study of Space and Time As Common Concepts - A. Y. Asundi. Domain Specific Categories and Relations and their Potential Applications: A Case Study of Two Arrays of Agriculture Schedule of Colon Classification RELATIONSHIPS IN KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION K. S. Raghavan and A. Neelameghan. Indic Cultures and Concepts: Implications for Knowledge Organization - Eduardo Ismael Murguia and Rodrigo de Sales. CNPq.s Knowledge Area Table as a Knowledge and Power Apparatus - Maja Zumer, Marcia Lei Zeng and Joan S. Mitchell. FRBRizing KOS Relationships: Applying the FRBR Model to Versions of the DDC - D. Grant Campbell. Farradane.s Relational Indexing and its Relationship to Hyperlinking in Alzheimer.s Information - Elizabeth Milonas. Classifying Web Term Relationships: An Examination of the Search Result Pages of Two Major Search Engines - Rosa San Sengundo and Daniel Martinez Avila. New Conceptual Structures for the Digital Environment: From KOS to the Semantic Interconnection - A. Neelameghan and K.S. Raghavan. Concept of .Time., Semantic Relationships and Cultural Frames