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  1. Rubin, V.L.: Disinformation and misinformation triangle (2019) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    Purpose The purpose of this paper is to treat disinformation and misinformation (intentionally deceptive and unintentionally inaccurate misleading information, respectively) as a socio-cultural technology-enabled epidemic in digital news, propagated via social media. Design/methodology/approach The proposed disinformation and misinformation triangle is a conceptual model that identifies the three minimal causal factors occurring simultaneously to facilitate the spread of the epidemic at the societal level. Findings Following the epidemiological disease triangle model, the three interacting causal factors are translated into the digital news context: the virulent pathogens are falsifications, clickbait, satirical "fakes" and other deceptive or misleading news content; the susceptible hosts are information-overloaded, time-pressed news readers lacking media literacy skills; and the conducive environments are polluted poorly regulated social media platforms that propagate and encourage the spread of various "fakes." Originality/value The three types of interventions - automation, education and regulation - are proposed as a set of holistic measures to reveal, and potentially control, predict and prevent further proliferation of the epidemic. Partial automated solutions with natural language processing, machine learning and various automated detection techniques are currently available, as exemplified here briefly. Automated solutions assist (but not replace) human judgments about whether news is truthful and credible. Information literacy efforts require further in-depth understanding of the phenomenon and interdisciplinary collaboration outside of the traditional library and information science, incorporating media studies, journalism, interpersonal psychology and communication perspectives.
  2. fwt: Wie das Gehirn Bilder 'liest' (1999) 0.04 
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    Date
    22. 7.2000 19:01:22
  3. Macedonia, M.: Mit Händen und Füßen (2012) 0.04 
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    Source
    http://www.spektrum.de/news/mit-haenden-und-fuessen/1173260
  4. Haggar, E.: Fighting fake news : exploring George Orwell's relationship to information literacy (2020) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    The purpose of this paper is to analyse George Orwell's diaries through an information literacy lens. Orwell is well known for his dedication to freedom of speech and objective truth, and his novel Nineteen Eighty-Four is often used as a lens through which to view the fake news phenomenon. This paper will examine Orwell's diaries in relation to UNESCO's Five Laws of Media and Information Literacy to examine how information literacy concepts can be traced in historical documents. Design/methodology/approach This paper will use a content analysis method to explore Orwell's relationship to information literacy. Two of Orwell's political diaries from the period 1940-42 were coded for key themes related to the ways in which Orwell discusses and evaluates information and news. These themes were then compared to UNESCO Five Laws of Media and Information Literacy. Textual analysis software NVivo 12 was used to perform keyword searches and word frequency queries in the digitised diaries. Findings The findings show that while Orwell's diaries and the Five Laws did not share terminology, they did share ideas on bias and access to information. They also extend the history of information literacy research and practice by illustrating how concerns about the need to evaluate information sources are represented within historical literature. Originality/value This paper combines historical research with textual analysis to bring a unique historical perspective to information literacy, demonstrating that "fake news" is not a recent phenomenon, and that the tools to fight it may also lie in historical research.
  5. Donsbach, W.: Wahrheit in den Medien : über den Sinn eines methodischen Objektivitätsbegriffes (2001) 0.03 
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    Source
    Politische Meinung. 381(2001) Nr.1, S.65-74 [https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgfe.de%2Ffileadmin%2FOrdnerRedakteure%2FSektionen%2FSek02_AEW%2FKWF%2FPublikationen_Reihe_1989-2003%2FBand_17%2FBd_17_1994_355-406_A.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2KcbRsHy5UQ9QRIUyuOLNi]
  6. Malsburg, C. von der: ¬The correlation theory of brain function (1981) 0.03 
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    Source
    http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_
  7. Bauwens, M.: Knowledge transfer in cyberspace : a model for future business practices (1996) 0.03 
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    Source
    FID news bulletin. 46(1996) nos.1/2, S.46-54
  8. dpa: Struktur des Denkorgans wird bald entschlüsselt sein (2000) 0.03 
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    Date
    17. 7.1996 9:33:22
    22. 7.2000 19:05:41
  9. Stock, W.G.: Wissenschaftsinformatik : Fundierung, Gegenstand und Methoden (1980) 0.03 
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    Source
    Ratio. 22(1980), S.155-164
  10. Fallis, D.: Social epistemology and information science (2006) 0.03 
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    Date
    13. 7.2008 19:22:28
  11. Jörs, B.: Über den Grundbegriff der "Information" ist weiter zu reden und über die Existenzberechtigung der Disziplin auch : die Kapitulation der Informationswissenschaft vor dem eigenen Basisbegriff (2020) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Die Informationswissenschaft, eine Disziplin ohne Theorie, ohne Bezugsrahmen und ohne Klärung ihres Grundbegriffes. Zahlreiche FachvertreterInnen der Informationswissenschaft bereiten erst recht das Feld für Hate Speech und Fake News vor - mit ihrem ungeklärten (Un)begriff der "Information", - mit ihrer Forderung nach "Informationskompetenz", ein Terrain, das eigentlich der Bibliothekswissenschaft zusteht, - mit ihrer Theorielosigkeit, - mit ihrer unkritischen Ablehnung einer ernsthaften Auseinandersetzung sowie - mit ihrem ungeklärten Domänenverständnis.
  12. Arning, M.: Wenn Philosophen die Welt von den Füßen auf den Kopf stellen : bei den 22. Römerberggesprächen sorgt Hermann Lübbe für eine erstaunliche Provokation (1995) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Der Sozialphilosoph Hermann Lübbe ist überzeugt davon, daß die Massenmedien nicht 'vermassend', sondern vielmehr 'pluralistisch' wirken. - Bericht zu den 22. Frankfurter Römerberggesprächen zum Thema: Kommt eine neue Kultur? Auf der Suche nach Wirklichkeit im Medienzeitalter
  13. Schöne neue Welt? : Fragen und Antworten: Wie Facebook menschliche Gedanken auslesen will (2017) 0.02 
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    Date
    22. 7.2004 9:42:33
    22. 4.2017 11:58:05
  14. Flohr, H.: Denken und Bewußtsein (1994) 0.02 
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    Date
    22. 7.2000 19:23:03
  15. Repo, A.J.: ¬The dual approach to the value of information : an appraisal of use and exchange values (1989) 0.02 
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    Source
    Information processing and management. 22(1986) no.5, S.373-383
  16. afp: Gehirn von Taxifahrern passt sich an : Größerer Hippocampus (2000) 0.02 
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    Date
    22. 7.2000 19:05:18
  17. Houston, R.D.; Harmon, E.G.: Re-envisioning the information concept : systematic definitions (2002) 0.02 
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    Date
    22. 2.2007 18:56:23
    22. 2.2007 19:22:13
  18. Jörs, B.: Über den Grundbegriff der "Information" ist weiter zu reden und über die Existenzberechtigung der Disziplin auch : das Verlangen nach einer verständlichen Wissenschaftssprache (2020) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Informationskompetenz in den Bibliotheken und in der Informationswissenschaft. Es ist erschreckend, dass im Zeitalter der vieldiskutierten "Desinformationen" und "Fake News" im Medienbereich der einzige Beitrag der Informationswissenschaft in der Betonung einer irgendwie ausgestalteten "Informationskompetenz", manchmal ergänzt um eine ebenso imaginäre "Medienkompetenz" besteht. Man möchte sich gern zum verbindlichen Entscheider darüber erklären, was wahre und falsche Information, was Hate Speech und Fakten sind. Der Türöffner dafür soll das bibliothekarisch besetzte Feld der "Informationskompetenz" sein, dass man nunmehr für den Gesamtbereich der "Information" besetzen möchte. Die ursprüngliche Beschränkung der bibliothekarischen Domäne der Informationskompetenz auf eine berufsrelevante Vermittlung von InformationsSUCHkompetenz wird dafür geopfert. Der Ursprung des Begriffes "Informationskompetenz" liegt im Bibliotheksbereich und sollte dort beheimatet bleiben.
  19. Roth, G.: ¬Die Entstehung von Bedeutung im Gehirn (1992) 0.02 
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    Date
    22. 7.2000 18:45:33
  20. Saum-Aldehoff, T.: ¬Die ideale Route zur Kaffeemaschine : 'Mentale Karten' im Kopf erlauben die Orientierung in der Umwelt (1997) 0.02 
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    Date
    5. 1.1997 9:39:22

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