-
Woodward, J.: Cataloging and classifying information resources on the Internet (1996)
0.04
0.035574384 = product of:
0.07114877 = sum of:
0.07114877 = product of:
0.14229754 = sum of:
0.14229754 = weight(_text_:tree in 7397) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.14229754 = score(doc=7397,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32745647 = queryWeight, product of:
6.5552235 = idf(docFreq=170, maxDocs=44218)
0.049953517 = queryNorm
0.43455404 = fieldWeight in 7397, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
6.5552235 = idf(docFreq=170, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=7397)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Abstract
- State of the art review exploring the problem of bibliographic citations to resources that exist only in electronic form where the cited items may no longer be locatable at the URL indicated. Notes that the Internet is currently in a state of near chaos in terms of access and organization, while searching, usually performed with word based search engines, is generally not adequate for the needs of most users. Reviews strategies used by librarians for cataloguing and classifying information resources on the Internet. Techniques used include: automatic classification projects and classified subject trees, like the BUBL Subject Tree; CyberDewey, and the WWW Virtual Library. Considers OPAC like library catalogues such as the UK's CATRIONA Project and OCLC's InterCat. Explores retrieval tools used with concept analysis and other non traditional proposals, which include some library expertise, usually the use of one of the major library classifications. Pays particular attention to the UDC
-
Enser, P.G.B.: Visual image retrieval (2008)
0.03
0.027072048 = product of:
0.054144096 = sum of:
0.054144096 = product of:
0.10828819 = sum of:
0.10828819 = weight(_text_:22 in 3281) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.10828819 = score(doc=3281,freq=2.0), product of:
0.17492871 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.049953517 = queryNorm
0.61904186 = fieldWeight in 3281, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=3281)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 22. 1.2012 13:01:26
-
Morris, S.A.: Mapping research specialties (2008)
0.03
0.027072048 = product of:
0.054144096 = sum of:
0.054144096 = product of:
0.10828819 = sum of:
0.10828819 = weight(_text_:22 in 3962) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.10828819 = score(doc=3962,freq=2.0), product of:
0.17492871 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.049953517 = queryNorm
0.61904186 = fieldWeight in 3962, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=3962)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 13. 7.2008 9:30:22
-
Fallis, D.: Social epistemology and information science (2006)
0.03
0.027072048 = product of:
0.054144096 = sum of:
0.054144096 = product of:
0.10828819 = sum of:
0.10828819 = weight(_text_:22 in 4368) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.10828819 = score(doc=4368,freq=2.0), product of:
0.17492871 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.049953517 = queryNorm
0.61904186 = fieldWeight in 4368, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4368)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 13. 7.2008 19:22:28
-
Nicolaisen, J.: Citation analysis (2007)
0.03
0.027072048 = product of:
0.054144096 = sum of:
0.054144096 = product of:
0.10828819 = sum of:
0.10828819 = weight(_text_:22 in 6091) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.10828819 = score(doc=6091,freq=2.0), product of:
0.17492871 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.049953517 = queryNorm
0.61904186 = fieldWeight in 6091, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=6091)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 13. 7.2008 19:53:22
-
Metz, A.: Community service : a bibliography (1996)
0.03
0.027072048 = product of:
0.054144096 = sum of:
0.054144096 = product of:
0.10828819 = sum of:
0.10828819 = weight(_text_:22 in 5341) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.10828819 = score(doc=5341,freq=2.0), product of:
0.17492871 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.049953517 = queryNorm
0.61904186 = fieldWeight in 5341, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=5341)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 17.10.1996 14:22:33
-
Belkin, N.J.; Croft, W.B.: Retrieval techniques (1987)
0.03
0.027072048 = product of:
0.054144096 = sum of:
0.054144096 = product of:
0.10828819 = sum of:
0.10828819 = weight(_text_:22 in 334) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.10828819 = score(doc=334,freq=2.0), product of:
0.17492871 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.049953517 = queryNorm
0.61904186 = fieldWeight in 334, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=334)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- Annual review of information science and technology. 22(1987), S.109-145
-
Smith, L.C.: Artificial intelligence and information retrieval (1987)
0.03
0.027072048 = product of:
0.054144096 = sum of:
0.054144096 = product of:
0.10828819 = sum of:
0.10828819 = weight(_text_:22 in 335) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.10828819 = score(doc=335,freq=2.0), product of:
0.17492871 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.049953517 = queryNorm
0.61904186 = fieldWeight in 335, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=335)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- Annual review of information science and technology. 22(1987), S.41-77
-
Warner, A.J.: Natural language processing (1987)
0.03
0.027072048 = product of:
0.054144096 = sum of:
0.054144096 = product of:
0.10828819 = sum of:
0.10828819 = weight(_text_:22 in 337) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.10828819 = score(doc=337,freq=2.0), product of:
0.17492871 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.049953517 = queryNorm
0.61904186 = fieldWeight in 337, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=337)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- Annual review of information science and technology. 22(1987), S.79-108
-
Grudin, J.: Human-computer interaction (2011)
0.02
0.023688043 = product of:
0.047376085 = sum of:
0.047376085 = product of:
0.09475217 = sum of:
0.09475217 = weight(_text_:22 in 1601) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.09475217 = score(doc=1601,freq=2.0), product of:
0.17492871 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.049953517 = queryNorm
0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 1601, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1601)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 27.12.2014 18:54:22
-
Zhu, B.; Chen, H.: Information visualization (2004)
0.02
0.020751724 = product of:
0.041503448 = sum of:
0.041503448 = product of:
0.083006896 = sum of:
0.083006896 = weight(_text_:tree in 4276) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.083006896 = score(doc=4276,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32745647 = queryWeight, product of:
6.5552235 = idf(docFreq=170, maxDocs=44218)
0.049953517 = queryNorm
0.25348985 = fieldWeight in 4276, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
6.5552235 = idf(docFreq=170, maxDocs=44218)
0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=4276)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Abstract
- Advanced technology has resulted in the generation of about one million terabytes of information every year. Ninety-reine percent of this is available in digital format (Keim, 2001). More information will be generated in the next three years than was created during all of previous human history (Keim, 2001). Collecting information is no longer a problem, but extracting value from information collections has become progressively more difficult. Various search engines have been developed to make it easier to locate information of interest, but these work well only for a person who has a specific goal and who understands what and how information is stored. This usually is not the Gase. Visualization was commonly thought of in terms of representing human mental processes (MacEachren, 1991; Miller, 1984). The concept is now associated with the amplification of these mental processes (Card, Mackinlay, & Shneiderman, 1999). Human eyes can process visual cues rapidly, whereas advanced information analysis techniques transform the computer into a powerful means of managing digitized information. Visualization offers a link between these two potent systems, the human eye and the computer (Gershon, Eick, & Card, 1998), helping to identify patterns and to extract insights from large amounts of information. The identification of patterns is important because it may lead to a scientific discovery, an interpretation of clues to solve a crime, the prediction of catastrophic weather, a successful financial investment, or a better understanding of human behavior in a computermediated environment. Visualization technology shows considerable promise for increasing the value of large-scale collections of information, as evidenced by several commercial applications of TreeMap (e.g., http://www.smartmoney.com) and Hyperbolic tree (e.g., http://www.inxight.com) to visualize large-scale hierarchical structures. Although the proliferation of visualization technologies dates from the 1990s where sophisticated hardware and software made increasingly faster generation of graphical objects possible, the role of visual aids in facilitating the construction of mental images has a long history. Visualization has been used to communicate ideas, to monitor trends implicit in data, and to explore large volumes of data for hypothesis generation. Imagine traveling to a strange place without a map, having to memorize physical and chemical properties of an element without Mendeleyev's periodic table, trying to understand the stock market without statistical diagrams, or browsing a collection of documents without interactive visual aids. A collection of information can lose its value simply because of the effort required for exhaustive exploration. Such frustrations can be overcome by visualization.
-
Börner, K.; Chen, C.; Boyack, K.W.: Visualizing knowledge domains (2002)
0.02
0.020751724 = product of:
0.041503448 = sum of:
0.041503448 = product of:
0.083006896 = sum of:
0.083006896 = weight(_text_:tree in 4286) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.083006896 = score(doc=4286,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32745647 = queryWeight, product of:
6.5552235 = idf(docFreq=170, maxDocs=44218)
0.049953517 = queryNorm
0.25348985 = fieldWeight in 4286, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
6.5552235 = idf(docFreq=170, maxDocs=44218)
0.02734375 = fieldNorm(doc=4286)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Abstract
- This chapter reviews visualization techniques that can be used to map the ever-growing domain structure of scientific disciplines and to support information retrieval and classification. In contrast to the comprehensive surveys conducted in traditional fashion by Howard White and Katherine McCain (1997, 1998), this survey not only reviews emerging techniques in interactive data analysis and information visualization, but also depicts the bibliographical structure of the field itself. The chapter starts by reviewing the history of knowledge domain visualization. We then present a general process flow for the visualization of knowledge domains and explain commonly used techniques. In order to visualize the domain reviewed by this chapter, we introduce a bibliographic data set of considerable size, which includes articles from the citation analysis, bibliometrics, semantics, and visualization literatures. Using tutorial style, we then apply various algorithms to demonstrate the visualization effectsl produced by different approaches and compare the results. The domain visualizations reveal the relationships within and between the four fields that together constitute the focus of this chapter. We conclude with a general discussion of research possibilities. Painting a "big picture" of scientific knowledge has long been desirable for a variety of reasons. Traditional approaches are brute forcescholars must sort through mountains of literature to perceive the outlines of their field. Obviously, this is time-consuming, difficult to replicate, and entails subjective judgments. The task is enormously complex. Sifting through recently published documents to find those that will later be recognized as important is labor intensive. Traditional approaches struggle to keep up with the pace of information growth. In multidisciplinary fields of study it is especially difficult to maintain an overview of literature dynamics. Painting the big picture of an everevolving scientific discipline is akin to the situation described in the widely known Indian legend about the blind men and the elephant. As the story goes, six blind men were trying to find out what an elephant looked like. They touched different parts of the elephant and quickly jumped to their conclusions. The one touching the body said it must be like a wall; the one touching the tail said it was like a snake; the one touching the legs said it was like a tree trunk, and so forth. But science does not stand still; the steady stream of new scientific literature creates a continuously changing structure. The resulting disappearance, fusion, and emergence of research areas add another twist to the tale-it is as if the elephant is running and dynamically changing its shape. Domain visualization, an emerging field of study, is in a similar situation. Relevant literature is spread across disciplines that have traditionally had few connections. Researchers examining the domain from a particular discipline cannot possibly have an adequate understanding of the whole. As noted by White and McCain (1997), the new generation of information scientists is technically driven in its efforts to visualize scientific disciplines. However, limited progress has been made in terms of connecting pioneers' theories and practices with the potentialities of today's enabling technologies. If the difference between past and present generations lies in the power of available technologies, what they have in common is the ultimate goal-to reveal the development of scientific knowledge.
-
Rader, H.B.: Library orientation and instruction - 1993 (1994)
0.02
0.01692003 = product of:
0.03384006 = sum of:
0.03384006 = product of:
0.06768012 = sum of:
0.06768012 = weight(_text_:22 in 209) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.06768012 = score(doc=209,freq=2.0), product of:
0.17492871 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.049953517 = queryNorm
0.38690117 = fieldWeight in 209, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=209)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- Reference services review. 22(1994) no.4, S.81-
-
Hsueh, D.C.: Recon road maps : retrospective conversion literature, 1980-1990 (1992)
0.01
0.013536024 = product of:
0.027072048 = sum of:
0.027072048 = product of:
0.054144096 = sum of:
0.054144096 = weight(_text_:22 in 2193) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.054144096 = score(doc=2193,freq=2.0), product of:
0.17492871 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.049953517 = queryNorm
0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 2193, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2193)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- Cataloging and classification quarterly. 14(1992) nos.3/4, S.5-22
-
Gabbard, R.: Recent literature shows accelerated growth in hypermedia tools : an annotated bibliography (1994)
0.01
0.013536024 = product of:
0.027072048 = sum of:
0.027072048 = product of:
0.054144096 = sum of:
0.054144096 = weight(_text_:22 in 8460) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.054144096 = score(doc=8460,freq=2.0), product of:
0.17492871 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.049953517 = queryNorm
0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 8460, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=8460)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Source
- Reference services review. 22(1994) no.2, S.31-40
-
Buckland, M.K.; Liu, Z.: History of information science (1995)
0.01
0.013536024 = product of:
0.027072048 = sum of:
0.027072048 = product of:
0.054144096 = sum of:
0.054144096 = weight(_text_:22 in 4226) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.054144096 = score(doc=4226,freq=2.0), product of:
0.17492871 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.049953517 = queryNorm
0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 4226, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4226)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 13. 6.1996 19:22:20
-
Haas, S.W.: Natural language processing : toward large-scale, robust systems (1996)
0.01
0.013536024 = product of:
0.027072048 = sum of:
0.027072048 = product of:
0.054144096 = sum of:
0.054144096 = weight(_text_:22 in 7415) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.054144096 = score(doc=7415,freq=2.0), product of:
0.17492871 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.049953517 = queryNorm
0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 7415, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=7415)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Abstract
- State of the art review of natural language processing updating an earlier review published in ARIST 22(1987). Discusses important developments that have allowed for significant advances in the field of natural language processing: materials and resources; knowledge based systems and statistical approaches; and a strong emphasis on evaluation. Reviews some natural language processing applications and common problems still awaiting solution. Considers closely related applications such as language generation and th egeneration phase of machine translation which face the same problems as natural language processing. Covers natural language methodologies for information retrieval only briefly
-
Kim, K.-S.: Recent work in cataloging and classification, 2000-2002 (2003)
0.01
0.013536024 = product of:
0.027072048 = sum of:
0.027072048 = product of:
0.054144096 = sum of:
0.054144096 = weight(_text_:22 in 152) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.054144096 = score(doc=152,freq=2.0), product of:
0.17492871 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.049953517 = queryNorm
0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 152, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=152)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 10. 9.2000 17:38:22
-
El-Sherbini, M.A.: Cataloging and classification : review of the literature 2005-06 (2008)
0.01
0.013536024 = product of:
0.027072048 = sum of:
0.027072048 = product of:
0.054144096 = sum of:
0.054144096 = weight(_text_:22 in 249) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.054144096 = score(doc=249,freq=2.0), product of:
0.17492871 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.049953517 = queryNorm
0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 249, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=249)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 10. 9.2000 17:38:22
-
Miksa, S.D.: ¬The challenges of change : a review of cataloging and classification literature, 2003-2004 (2007)
0.01
0.013536024 = product of:
0.027072048 = sum of:
0.027072048 = product of:
0.054144096 = sum of:
0.054144096 = weight(_text_:22 in 266) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.054144096 = score(doc=266,freq=2.0), product of:
0.17492871 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.049953517 = queryNorm
0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 266, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=266)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
- Date
- 10. 9.2000 17:38:22
