Search (16 results, page 1 of 1)

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Source

Proceedings of the 5th ASIS SIG/CR Classification Research Workshop, Oct. 16, 1994, Alexandria, VA. Ed.: R. Fidel u.a

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Abstract

Work centered design of classification schemes is an emerging area of research which poses particular challenges to domain analysis and scheme construction. A key challenge in work centered design of classification schemes is the evolving semantics of work. This article introduces a work centered approach to the design of classification schemes, based an the framework of cognitive work analysis. We launch collaborative task situations as a new unit of analysis for capturing evolving semantic structures in work domains. An example case from a cognitive work analysis of three national film research archives illustrates the application of the framework for identifying actors' needs for a classification scheme to support collaborative knowledge integration. It is concluded that a main contribution of the new approach is support for empirical analysis and overall design of classification schemes that can serve as material interfaces for actors' negotiations and integration of knowledge perspectives during collaborative work.

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Abstract

This paper introduces a new approach to the design of classification schemes for complex work domains to help structure the knowledge domains in databases for single users and multiple users in co-operative work. Ecological work based classification schemes are designed on the basis of an empirical analysis of the invariant structures of the work domain and of the information needs of its actors. Invariant structures of a work domain can be explicit or implicit (hidden structures). The invariant structures are identified through empirical analysis of field studies in work domains, guided by the use of a means ends abstraction hierarchy. This hierarchy provides a model for analyzing, or-ganizing and relating different levels of properties within a work domain. The resulting structure is an ecological classification scheme, comprising the different dimensions or categories of domain information that needs to be available for an actor to make a decision. Contrary to traditional classification systems which usually are designed from one particular point of view (a single discipline, paradigm or purpose), ecological classification schemes provide a transparent and structured information environment in which actors can navigate freely according to their current perspectives of work and subjective preferences

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Abstract

Discusses how classification systems have developed to perform the work of articulation in electronic libraries as exemplified by projects involving cooperative design of classificatory structures and democratic classification and indexing. Delineates the stages in this evolution and focuses on the mutual design activity of libraries and users which took place in the development of an enriched multimedia catalogue on the WWW at Ballerup public library in Denmark and on research in england into the democratic indexing of images and fiction. Although recent projects are promising it is important to avoid a mechanistic concept of knowledge and maintain a social view

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Abstract

On the possible role of classification schemes in the production of knowledge in organizations

Content

The notion of the classification scheme as a transitional element or "boundary object" (Star, 1989) offers an alternative to the more traditional approach that views classification as an organizational structure imposed upon a body of knowledge to facilitate access within a universal and frequently static framework. Recognition of the underlying relationship between user access and the collective knowledge structures that are the basis for knowledge production indicates the dynamic role of classification in supporting coherence and articulation across heterogeneous contexts. To this end, it is argued that the library should be an active participant in the production of knowledge, and that this role can be effected by the development of classificatory structures that can support the needs of a diverse information ecology consisting of a complex web of interacting agents, users, and technologies. Within such an information ecology, a classificatory structure cannot follow a one-size-fits-all paradigm but must evolve in cooperative interaction between librarians and their user groups.

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Source

Proceedings of the 6th ASIS SIG/CR Classification Research Workshop, Oct. 8, 1995, Chicago, IL. Ed.: R.P. Schwartz et al

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Abstract

Berichte zu: 8th Biennal Conference of the French Chapter of ISKO - Call for Papers - CALL FOR PAPERS: Classification & Ontology, The Hague 19-20 September 2011 - 10th Conference of the ISKO Spanish Chapter, Ferrol, 30 June - 1 July, 2011

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Abstract

This paper takes a second look at three prevailing main themes in knowledge organization: i) the academic disciplines as the main structural principle; ii) the fiction/non-fiction distinction; and iii) the appropriate unit of analysis in online retrieval systems. The history and origin of bibliographic classification [Dewey, Bliss, Mills, Beghtol] are discussed from the perspective of pragmatist philosophy and social studies of science [Kuhn, Merton, Reich]. Choices of structural principles in different schemes are found to rely on more or less implicit philosophical foundations, ranging from rationalism to pragmatism. It is further shown how the increasing application of faceted structures as basic structural principles in universal classification schemes [DDC, UDC] impose rationalistic principles and structures for knowledge organization which are not in alignment with the development of knowledge in the covered disciplines. Further evidence of rationalism in knowledge organization is the fiction/non-fiction distinction, excluding the important role of artistic resources for, in particular, humanistic research. Finally, for the analysis of appropriate bibliographic unit, it is argued that there is a need to shift towards a semiotic approach, founded on an understanding of intertextuality, rather than applying standard principles of hierarchical decomposition of documents. It is concluded that a change in classification research is needed, founded on a more historical and social understanding of knowledge

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Abstract

Collaborative integration of knowledge in distributed and cross-disciplinary work domains poses a number of challenges to classification, comprising: 1) how to analyze the actors' current practice of integration of knowledge and 2) how to model consistent semantic support of diverse interpretive perspectives among the actors. This paper introduces a cognitive systems engineering approach to modelling collaborative integration of knowledge in work domains. A generic means-ends model provides a theoretical foundation for mapping the territory of collaborative work. A decision task model captures the actors' distributed decision-making in integration of knowledge. The problem of collaborative integration of knowledge in a distributed web-based film collaboratory is explored through an empirical case of collaborative film indexing. The empirical study identified a lack of tools for consistent support of integration of knowledge. The means-ends model and the decision task model guided the design of a conceptual structure of the common workspace of film indexing. The paper concludes with a proposal for further work an models for integration of knowledge through ecological classification schemes. 1. Introduction Current work practice and knowledge production to an increasing degree involves actors from different disciplines, cultures and organisations. Additionally, current work practice not only relies an authoritative orderings of knowledge, but also relies an the dynamism of the actors' ongoing collaborative integration of knowledge, i.e. their shared interpretations of knowledge, exchange of perspectives and joint knowledge production. Consequently, in order to support the actors' ongoing collaborative integration of knowledge, the design of support tools, like classification schemes, must address not only the order of knowledge, but also the situational contexts where collaborative integration of knowledge occurs. This paper introduces an ecological approach to integration of knowledge across boundaries in distributed collaboratory work environments, which is founded an (a) work domain analysis (b) the development of models for collaborative integration of knowledge. The work domain analysis is based an means-ends analysis of the territory of work and the actors' information needs during decision making. The result is conceptual structures of collaborative work that can be used to create collaborative classification schemes. Previous work an design of ecological classification schemes proposed that such schemes should be based an a finegrained empirical analysis of actors' collaborative decision tasks in order to identify the knowledge produced and needed by the actors (Pejtersen & Albrechtsen, 2000).

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Abstract

In information science, classification systems are conventionally viewed as tools for representing knowledge in the universe of ideas, the human mind, or one or more sets of documents. In this view, developing and maintaining relationships and structures in classification schemes must primarily consider two abstract ingredients: i) a set of concepts for one or more domains; and ii) a (set of) unambiguous structure(s) to articulate the relationships that persist between the various concepts that comprise the classificatory structure. We contend that design decisions pertaining to the structure of a classification system consist of far more than simply creating links between the elements in a particular set of concepts. Ultimately, a simplistic tool view of classifications implies that the construction is little more than a technical task in a very narrow sense: that classificatory concepts are viewed as standard representations of what are assumed to be the central and/or important topics in the knowledge domain(s), and that there is i) an unambiguous Platonic ideal or universal consensus that determines how the links will be generated within a classificatory structure; or, conversely, ii) that there are no general structures and relationships available at all, but that only diverse individual knowledge structures exist, which cannot be reconciled into a general organization of knowledge

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Content

German ISKO The German ISKO held its 10th conference in Vienna from July 3rd to 5th 2006-just before the International ISKO Conference. Main themes were Compatibility and Heterogeneity, Ethics and Future of Knowledge Organization. The program contained some English lessons and a tutorial on Ontologies. The German proceedings (Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation 10) will be published in 2007 by Ergon together with some remaining papers of the international conference. The next German conference will be held in November 2007 in Konstanz with a focus on sustainability. Jörn Sieglerschmidt will be the local organizer 2007 as well as the new German ISKO treasurer. - H. Peter OHLY Extensions and Corrections to the UDC, 28 (2006) The next issue of Extensions and Corrections (E&C), to be published by the end of 2006, will bring to the UDC community important revisions and additions to the schedule, notably an extensive revision of parts of the Area Table concerning some countries of east and southeast Asia and Africa, and the expansion of Class 2 for Islam, which provides a very rich structure and vocabulary for one of the main religions of the world, thus enhancing UDC in an important subject area of worldwide application. Through the contribution of VINITI's collaborators, it was also possible to advance revision work in the areas of Mathematics and Physics, also published in this vol ume. The ongoing work on a proposal for the revision of Class 61 Medicine continued to receive the expert attention of Professor Nancy Williamson, and this year a proposal for the digestive system is included in E&C. Finally, An Extended Table of Common Auxiliaries (Except Place), compiled by G. Robinson, is presented as a special Annex. Although this is not part of the UDC Master Reference File, it is intended as an authoritative source of all that is currently valid in Tables 1a to 1d and 1f to 1k, and including details from older editions, at the 'full' level, that have never been cancelled. This comes in the same line as the Extended Place Table (Table le) published last year, together with Extensions and Corrections 27 (2005). Additionally this issue will feature a set of articles of interest to classification experts and users. Topics include: an exploration in mapping the UDC to DDC, interfaces to classification and UDC application in online catalogs and information on a new editorial support system being developed for UDC.
Information Access for the Global Community: an International Seminar on the Universal Decimal Classification.--UDC Seminar 4 and 5 June 2007 A two day International Seminar will be held at the UDC Headquarters in The Hague, exploring latest developments and applications of the Universal Decimal Classification. There will be an international panel of speakers and presentations by members of the UDC Consortium. The goal of this Seminar is to bring together UDC publishers, information management practitioners and researchers from both the standards industry and institutions and projects. The Seminar will be a unique opportunity to share ideas, problems and solutions relating to the multifaceted aspects of UDC management and use. The themes to be addressed include: current situation and future prospects of UDC, its role in bibliographic control, innovative applications, publishers and their products, and training and research. The venue is the Koninklijke Bibliotheek/National Library of the Netherlands, Prins Willem-Alexanderhof 5, Den Haag."

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Content

"3rd ISKO Italy-UniMIB Meeting: Report More than 40 people attended the 3rd ISKO Italy meeting, again organized thanks to cooperation with the University of Milano Bicocca Library, despite a railway strike which impeded some planned speakers (Luca Rosati, Federica Paradisi, Cristiana Bettella) from reaching the venue. In the annual report on ISKO Italy activities and contacts, Claudio Gnoli announced that the 2010 international ISKO conference will be hosted in Rome, an organizing committee chaired by Fulvio Mazzocchi having just been constituted. The morning had an international flavour, as it was reconnected to the trends observed by Mela Bosch at the ISKO Spain conference recently held in Leon, showing an increase in the hermeneutic approach over the heuristic one, and especially to the Leon manifesto (http://www.iskoi.org/ ilc/leon.htm). This was promoted by Rick Szostak in his guest keynote address, concerning his proposal of non-disciplinary classification based on phenomena, theories, and methods. Melissa Tiberi and Barbara De Santis developed on their current research concerning semantics problems in equivalence relationships, and Cristiana Bettella (whose introduction was read by Caterina Barazia) on her one about humanistic knowledge, focusing on the double role played in it by the researcher. The afternoon was devoted to KO applications, starting with the experience of two university libraries (Milan Bicocca and Turin), with contribution of a third one in the discussion (Milan 1), in the use of KOSs to organize digital resources and links in the university web-space. Two emerging, promising domains of KO application were introduced by Paolo Franzese: semantic indexing of institutional archives, and by the DesignNet team: information visualization, exemplified in an impressive solution for thesauri. Finally, Andrea Marchitelli discussed hybridizations of social tagging and blogging with opacs, and Jiri Pika showed UDC-based search techniques in a Swiss multilingual OPAC. Presentations, abstracts, and photos will be progressively available from the event webpage (http://www.iskoi.org/doc/milano07.htm). - Claudio Gnoli.
Presentations and abstracts from the UDC Seminar (4-5 June 2007) The files of the presentations and abstract of talks given at the UDC Seminar, held in The Hague on 4-5 June 2007 are now available from http://www. udcc.org/seminar2007.htm. The event was entitled "Information Access for the Global community" and its aim was to explore the latest developments and applications of the Universal Decimal Classification. The Seminar brought together UDC publishers, editors of the scheme, and UDC users, and offered an opportunity for information exchange and discussion of future developments. There were around seventy participants from over thirty countries including librarians, subject specialists, editors of national editions of the scheme, university lecturers, researchers and LIS students. The conference programme included eleven invited talks on the topics of user experiences and applications, innovative approaches in UDC use and UDC education and training (for the programme, talk abstracts, presentations, see: http:// www.udcc.org/seminar07/programme.htm). Papers will be published in the forthcoming issue of Extensions and Corrections to the UDC, in November 2007. The UDC Consortium announced that this successful seminar would be the first in the series of similar events it plans to organize in the future. - Aida Slavic."