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Footnote

Rez. in: Journal of academic librarianship 22(1996) no.6, S.471 (N. Corral)

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Date

25. 3.2003 13:22:23

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Date

31.12.1998 22:01:11

Footnote

Rez. in: Journal of librarianship and information science 30(1998) no.2, S.146-148 (S.P. Webb)

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Footnote

Rez. in: Information processing and management. 32(1996) no.3, S.389-391 (P.B. Kantor); Journal of academic librarianship 22(1996) no.2, S.147 (T.A. Brooks); Medical reference services quarterly 15(1996) no.2, S.109-110 (C. Gluck); JASIS 47(1996) no.10, S.794-795 (R. Losee)

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Date

22. 2.1997 19:40:31

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Date

26. 2.2008 19:22:51

Footnote

Rez. in: Assignation. 14(1997) no.2, S.24 (S. Vogel); Journal of librarianship and information science 30(1998) no.1, S.68 (J. Secker)

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Classification

327.12 22

Content

Intelligence work and the information professions / Robert S. Taylor -- Spies of the airwaves / Norman Horrocks -- Intelligence work and information science : two men in a boat / David Batty -- The intelligence game : seeing is believing? / Robert Lee Chartrand -- Applications of information science to U.S. naval intelligence and narcotics intelligence, 1974-1992 / Emil Levine -- A life in the information trade / Charles T. Meadow -- Information management in MI5 before the age of the computer / Alistair Black and Rodney Brunt -- Some aspects of indexing in British intelligence, 1939-1945 / Rodney Brunt -- Intelligence agencies, librarians, and information scientists / Colin Burke -- Historical note on information science in wartime : pioneer documentation activities in World War II / Pamela Spence Richards -- Technology for open source government information and business intelligence / George L. Marling -- Knowledge transfer : information science shapes intelligencein the cold war era / Lee S. Strickland -- The information science and intelligence literature : an overview / Robert V. Williams -- Defining what information science is or should be : a survey and review of a half-century of published pronouncements / Ben-Ami Lipetz -- Wanted : a definition of "intelligence" / Michael Warner -- Evidence and inference in foreign intelligence / Maurice H. Hellner -- The zoo and the jungle : a comparison of the information practices of intelligence analysts and of scientists / Harold Wooster.

DDC

327.12 22

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.2, S.303-305 (L. Hayden): "Part history and part call to action, Covert and Overt examines the relationship between the disciplines of intelligence service and information science. The book is significant in that it captures both the rich history of partnership between the fields, and because it demonstrates clearly the incomplete nature of our understanding of that partnership. In the post-9/11 world, such understanding is increasingly important, as we struggle with the problem of transforming information into intelligence and intelligence into effective policy. Information science has an important role to play in meeting these challenges, but the sometimesambiguous nature of the field combined with similar uncertainties over what constitutes intelligence, makes any attempt at definitive answers problematic. The book is a collection of works from different contributors, in the words of one editor "not so much a created work as an aggregation" (p. 1). More than just an edited collection of papers, the book draws from the personal experiences of several prominent information scientists who also served as intelligence professionals from World War II onward. The result is a book that feels very personal and at times impassioned. The contributors attempt to shed light on an often-closed community of practice, a discipline that depends simultaneously on access to information and on secrecy. Intelligence, like information science, is also a discipline that finds itself increasingly attracted to and dependent upon technology, and an underlying question of the book is where and how technology benefits intelligence (as opposed to only masking more fundamental problems of process and analysis and providing little or no actual value).
The role of technology in both intelligence and information science is just one question explored in Covert and Overt, which takes on more fundamental issues as well. Even the ubiquitous "What is information?" debate is revisited. But the questions asked are always subordinate to the overarching theme of bringing concepts and techniques of intelligence and information science together and examining the results. The process and lifecycle of intelligence is explored and mapped to information science methods, primarily indexing and information retrieval. In more historical explorations undertaken by contributors, it becomes apparent that intelligence and information science have always been closely aligned, but that this alignment is not always perceived by those engaged in intelligence work. Interestingly, and probably not surprisingly, a general consensus seems to be that library and information science practitioners involved in intelligence were (and are) more capable of seeing the complementary nature of the techniques information science brings to intelligence services than many intelligence professionals, who often needed demonstrations of efficacy to be convinced. Structurally, the book is divided into four parts, moving from anecdotal accounts through to discussions of definition and theory. Part 1, "Information Science and Intelligence: Reminiscences and Reflections from World War II to Today" is comprised of the personal stories of information scientists who also served as intelligence professionals at various times during and since World War II, collected from special panel presentations at the 2001 and 2002 American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) annual conferences. These contributors include former American and British servicemen and intelligence officers who all relate a common experience of dealing with information, documents, and other records in the pursuit of intelligence goals.
This book is a successful and realistic examination of the current state of inquiry into the relationship between intelligence and information science, and does not flinch from the limits of this inquiry to date. The book can be viewed as a deliberate attempt to stimulate further interest in these studies, and serves as an excellent roadmap for future researchers (like this reviewer) who also have moved from intelligence service into information science. Many of the stories and studies in the book could easily provide fresh and vital avenues of research to new and veteran scholars. If there are limitations to the impact of the book, most must be viewed in the context of the lack of literature from which to draw. Contributions come from a variety of sources and although some new studies are included, for the most part, the chapters are not original to this publication. This results at times in a sense of the editors taking what they could get on the topic. The reader must determine whether this is viewed as a flaw or as reinforcement of the editors' conclusion that more research into the subject matter is important and necessary. It becomes a question of whether or not one wishes to answer the call. One interesting limitation, however, is the lack of a critical stance on the part of most of the contributors. The chapters tend to describe the relationship between intelligence and information science, but few question the nature of that relationship, the social construction of the two disciplines, or moral and ethical concerns associated with spying and information operations. In general, a reader is left with the impression that intelligence service is a good thing, and that information science as a discipline can both improve it as well as learn from it. Little insight is offered into the value and direction of intelligence in the 21 st century, or the impact that our technologies may have. One exception comes from Colin Burke who, in his chapter, "Intelligence Agencies, Librarians, and Information Scientists," touches on some of these issues with his claim that library and information science practitioners must "help bring the information advances from the intelligence communities to an industry that can be committed to distributing information at the lowest cost to the most people" (p. 112). Nevertheless, no serious questions regarding issues of control, power, or resistance are raised. Given recent debates over surveillance, privacy, and the erosion of civil liberties in the wake of 9-11, it would seem that this is an area of intelligence and information studies that also deserves attention. Covert and Overt is an excellent historical overview of the close relationship between intelligence and information science. The book is also intriguing and timely in its argument for further research and study into these areas. Despite the limitations of subject matter and the challenges that come with the disciplines that it explores, it is required reading for practitioners in either world who wish to gain a greater understanding of the operations of the other."

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Date

31.12.1998 22:14:52

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Date

25.11.2005 18:58:22

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Date

22. 1.2017 16:45:48

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Abstract

Von der Suche über das Finden zum Wissen - Routine in wohl jeder Bibliothek. Die zielgerichtete Suche im Auftrag des Kunden bildet den roten Faden des vorliegenden Themenheftes, das ausgewählte Beiträge aus Theorie und Praxis beinhaltet. Die ersten beiden Abhandlungen setzen sich grundlegend mit dem Auskunftsdienst in Bibliotheken auseinander. Während Tom Becker (Münchner Stadtbibliothek Am Gasteig) eine Standortbestimmung der Face-to-Face-Interaktion im Auskunftsdienst vornimmt, setzt sich Ursula Georgy (Fachhochschule Köln) mit den Chancen auseinander, die der Auskunftsdienst als Bestandteil eines bibliotheksweiten Total-Quality- und Service-Quality-Ansatzes einnehmen kann. Einführend wird so verdeutlicht, dass Bibliotheken über eine hohe Informationskompetenz im Auskunftsdienst verfügen, diese aber sowohl als Serviceprodukt wie auch als Marketingobjekt ständiger Optimierung unterwerfen müssen. Im Weiteren werden Rahmenbedingungen für diese qualitativ hochwertige Dienstleistung näher betrachtet. Jutta Zimmermann (Stadtbibliothek Reutlingen) beschreibt theoretische Grundlagen und Entwicklungsschritte von Auskunftsdienstkonzepten und die praktischen Erfahrungen, die die Stadtbibliothek Reutlingen in der bisherigen Umsetzung gemacht hat. Das Auskunftsinterview als das zentrale Instrument zur Klärung des realen Informationsbedarfes des Kunden erläutert. Hermann Rösch (Fachhochschule Köln). Ziele, Verlauf, Methoden und Techniken des Auskunftsinterviews werden behandelt und ein besonderes Augenmerk gilt den Spezifika, die im digitalen Umfeld durch Auskunft per E-Mail, Webformular oder Chat bestehen. Katharina Schaal (starkewortarbeit Stuttgart) greift den Themenkomplex Stressbewältigung und Motivation im Auskunftsdienst auf und stellt - basierend auf Fallbeispielen aus dem Alltag - Handlungsanleitungen für ein gelassenes Agieren an der Infotheke vor. Vor allem digitale Ressourcen für den Auskunftsdienst stellt Frank Daniel (Stadtbibliothek Köln) in den Fokus seines Beitrags und beleuchtet die Wechselbeziehung eines sich ändernden Nutzerverhaltens mit einem komplexer und spezifischer werdenden Informationsmarkt bezogen auf den Auskunftsdienst von Bibliotheken. Qualitätsstandards im Auskunftsdienst von Bibliotheken bilden den abschließenden Themenkomplex. Ingeborg Simon (HdM Stuttgart) kommentiert und übersetzt die 'Guidelines for Behavioral Perfomances of Reference and Information Service Providers' der American Library Association und unterstreicht den Stellenwert solcher Guidelines als Instrument kontinuierlicher Qualitätsverbesserung. Der Artikel von Cornelia Vonhof (HdM Stuttgart) untersucht die Einführung von Auskunftsstandards als Change-Management-Prozess und beschreibt unter diesem Blickwinkel Möglichkeiten zum Umgang mit Widerständen, Erfolgsfaktoren in sowie Möglichkeiten der Stabilisierung von Veränderungsprozessen. Das praktische Beispiel einer qualitativen Untersuchung des Auskunftsdienstes liefert Carmen Barz (Münchner Stadtbibliothek Am Gasteig): Studierende begaben sich "inkognito" in eine Auskunftssituation, um Stärken und Schwächen dieser Dienstleistung in der Münchener Zentralbibliothek festzuhalten. In dem Artikel werden die Methode, die Ergebnisse der Studie und die daraus abgeleiteten Maßnahmen vorgestellt. Daran anknüpfend stellen Tom Becker und Hanne Riehm (beide Münchner Stadtbibliothek Am Gasteig) den Weg von eben dieser Evaluation hin zu der Definition eines Katalogs von Standards und dazugehörigen Verhaltensweisen unter aktiver Einbindung aller dortigen Mitarbeiter vor. Die erarbeiteten Qualitätsstandards und Verhaltensweisen werden anschließend aufgeführt. Die Stadtbücherei Stuttgart hinterfragt das vorhandene Servicelevel im Auskunftsdienst und entwickelt aufbauend auf vorhandenen Bausteinen eine systemweit einheitliche Auskunfts-Konzeption. Warum die stetig steigenden und sehr differenzierten Anforderungen seitens der Kunden durch klar formulierte Qualitätsstandards besser kanalisiert und bewältigt werden können, berichtet Katinka Emminger (Stadtbücherei Stuttgart).

Date

22. 2.2008 14:05:48

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Abstract

This book questions our beliefs in the role of the information profession, but also sets out the issues in a much wider context of different subjects and disciplines. It develops the idea of the knowledge culture and knowledge work and goes on the expand how information needs to be shared and not hoarded as in the traditional role of libraries and keepers of knowledge. This excellent book provides an insight into the future of the profession and is essential reading for all information professionals

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Date

11. 6.2004 14:52:22

Issue

With the participation of Lauren Albert.

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Footnote

Rez. in: Journal of documentation 50(1994) no.3, S.244-246 (P. Brophy)

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Abstract

This is a practical book written from the point of view of the practitioner, rather than the researcher. It presents current and recent work in the subject area in a way relevant to practitioners, researchers and students. It includes practical examples of survey and research work and discusses honestly the practical difficulties involved. Aimed at an international audience, examples of good practice are drawn from a number of countries across the world. The book also discusses the relevante of survey and evaluation in related areas and the impact of customer care strategies, performance indicators and service level agreements an the culture of evaluation.

Content

Key Features - Is an up to date review/summary of activity in the subject area - Provides international comparisons of library and information service evaluation activity - Provides practical/real life research and survey data useful to practitioners and academics which they can apply in their own situations - Helps library and information science students write coursework and prepare for examinations - Presents evaluation and survey work from a practitioner's point of view The Author Dr John Crawford is Library Research Officer at Glasgow Caledonian University in Scotland where he is also University copyright adviser. He has authored some 50 articles and papers. Readership The book is aimed at: - Library and information managers at senior and intermediate levels - Staff and students in departments of library and information management - Practitioners, academics and researchers worldwide Contents Background Factors in evaluation How survey and evaluation work is done The search for a general survey instrument Related cultures of evaluation Current/recent research The challenge of the electronic environment Information literacy and future directions Future directions - continuing cultures of change and the need to evaluate them

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Date

22. 3.2004 14:46:50

Footnote

Rez. in: B.I.T. online 6(2003) H.3, S.298-299 (J. Plieninger): "Wer im vorigen Heft von B.I.T.online den Fachbeitrag von Hermann Rösch über Bibliothekarische Auskunft im Web gelesen und sich daraufhin überlegt, einen solchen Dienst einzuführen, für den wäre dieses Buch das geeignete Mittel, sich für die Einführung einer Online-Auskunft fit zu machen. Die Autorin ist in der amerikanischen Internet Librarian- und Reference Librarian-Szene wohlbekannt: 1993 verfasste sie mit zwei Mitautoren Crossing the Internet Treshold, ein Tutorial für die Nutzung des Netzes, welches für die Profession eine Hilfestellung für die breite Nutzung des Internets bot. Das hier besprochene Buch könnte eine ähnliche Funktion für die Einführung der Virtual Reference bekommen: Es bietet einen Selbstlernkurs, welcher anschaulich die Grundlagen und die Grundhaltung bei der Implementation eines solchen Dienstes vermittelt. Was ist alles in diesem Kurs enthalten? Der erste Teil des Buches behandelt den Entscheidungsprozess, einen Online-Auskunftsdienst einzuführen: Es werden Vor- und Nachteile diskutiert, die Bedürfnisse der Benutzer untersucht ("There will always be a need for a human consultant to satisfy the needs of the information seeker.") und die Grundlagen der Entscheidungsfindung für eine geeignete Software behandelt. Der zweite Teil handelt dann von den Fragen der "Einrichtung" des virtuellen Auskunftsplatzes. Hier gibt es z.B. eine Schulung in den besonderen Kommunikationsformen, welche beim Chat zu beachten sind, eine Einbettung des neuen Dienstes in das Leitbild, die Geschäftsordnung bzw. Arbeitsorganisation der Bibliothek ("library policies") und zuletzt die komfortable Ausstattung des Auskunftsplatzes für Benutzer und Beschäftigte bis hin zu Fragen der Evaluation und Qualitätssicherung. Der dritte Teil behandelt die Aufgabe, einen Dienst zu implementieren, der sich selbst trägt, indem man ein Marketing für den neuen Dienst einrichtet, das ihn auf herkömmlichen und neuen Wegen promotet und ihn benutzerfreundlich ausgestaltet.
Rez. in BuB 56(2004) H.3: "Auskunfts- und Informationsdienst wird in den USA als unverzichtbare und wohl wichtigste bibliothekarische Tätigkeit betrachtet. Daher verwundert nicht, dass die Popularisierung des Internet Bibliothekare und Bibliotheken frühzeitig dazu veranlasst hat, ihre Auskunftsdienstleistungen im Web anzubieten. Dies geschah zunächst durch organisierte Auskunft per E-Mail, später per Webformular und vor allem seit 2000/2001 verstärkt per Chat. Als zusammenfassende Bezeichnung für diese Varianten wird meist der Begriff digital reference verwendet. In den USA, aber auch in Australien, Großbritannien oder Skandinavien schenkt man dem Thema Digital Reference schon seit mehreren Jahren größte Aufmerksamkeit. Die Zahl der bislang dazu publizierten Fachaufsätze lag Ende 2003 bereits weit über 600, jährlich im November findet seit 1999 die »Digital Reference Conference« statt, und mit DIG_REF sowie LiveReference existieren zwei Diskussionslisten, die sich ausschließlich mit Fragen bibliothekarischer Auskunft im Internet beschäftigen. Im vergangenen Jahr sind in den USA allein vier umfangreiche Monographien zu Digital Reference erschienen, darunter das hier zu besprechende Werk von Anne Lipow. ... Gegenwärtig deutet sich an, dass das Thema Digital Reference, Online-Auskunft oder Auskunft per Chat in deutschen Bibliotheken auf mehr Interesse stößt als in den vergangenen Jahren. Nachdem bislang vorwiegend (einige wenige) wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken ChatAuskunft anbieten, haben mehrere Öffentliche Bibliotheken, darunter die ZLB Berlin und die Stadtbücherei Frankfurt am Main, angekündigt, zukünftig auchAuskunftperChatanbieten zu wollen. Eine wichtige Rolle spielt in diesem Zusammenhang der weltweite Auskunftsverbund QuestionPoint, der von OCLC gemeinsam mit der Library of Congress betrieben wird. Sowohl denjenigen, die sich noch im Unklaren sind, als auch jenen, die entsprechende Planungen bereits beschlossen haben, kann der Band von Anne Lipow nur wärmstens empfohlen werden." (H. Rösch)

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Abstract

A powerful argued case for the proposition that public access to information is being impeded by the convergence of certain economic, political and technological tendencies

LCSH

Freedom of information / Great Britain

PRECIS

Great Britain / Freedom of information

Subject

Freedom of information / Great Britain
Great Britain / Freedom of information

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Abstract

Kapitel: Keynote papers - Theoretical perspectives - The health services context - Everyday life - The work environment - Organization of information in context - An information systems perspective

Content

Enthält u.a. die Beiträge: INTRONA, L.D.: Context, power, bodies and information: exploring the 'entangled' contexts of information; JACOB, E.K. u.a.: When essence becomes function: post-structuralist implications for an ecological theory of organizational classification systems; MALMSJO, A.: Conditions for designing different kinds of information systems; JULIEN, H.: Where to from here? Results of an emprical study and user-centred implications for system design; VAKKARI, P.: Task complexity, information types, search strategies and relevance: integrating studies on information seeking and retrieval; SPINK, A.: Towards a theoretical framework for information retrieval in an information seeking context; KUHLTHAU, C.C.: Investigating patterns in information seeking; concepts in context; BREZILLON, P. u.a.: Modeling context in information seeking; BYSTROM, K.: Information seekers in context: an analysis of the 'doer' in INSU studies; AUDUNSON, R.: Can institutional theory contribute to our understanding of information seeking behaviour?; SONNENWALD, D.H.: Evolving perspectives of human information behaviour: conexts, situations, social networks and information horizons; OLSSON, M.: Discourse: a new theoretical framework for examining information behaviour in its social context; KEANE, D.: The information behaviour of senior executives; LIMBERG, L.: Three conceptions of information seeking and use; PRESTON, H. u.a.: An evaluation of case study methodology within information system research; WILSON, T.D.: Exploring models of information behaviour: the 'uncertainty' project; ENNIS, M. u.a.: Towards a predictive model of information seeking: empirical studies of end-user searching; SOLOMON, P.: Information mosaics: patterns of action that structure; TOMS, E.G.: What motivates the browser? ABAD-GARCIA, M.F.: Information needs of physicians at the University Clinic Hospital in Valencia-Spain: GORMAN, P.: Information seeking of primary care physicians: conceptual models and empirical studies; LOMAX, E.C. u.a.: An investigation of the information seeking behavior of medical oncologists in Metropolitan Pittsburgh using a multi-method approach; PETTIGREW, K.E.: Agents of information: the role of community health nurses in linking the elderly with local resources by providing human services information; URQUHART, C.J.: Using vignettes to diagnose information strategies: opportunities and possible problems for information use studies of health professionals; WILDEMUTH, B.M. u.a.: The transition from formalized need to compromised need in the context of clinical problem solving; MARCELLA, R. u. G. BAXTER: The transition from formalized need to compromised need in the context of clinical problem solving; COLES, C.: Information seeking behaviour of public library users: use and non-use of electronic media; GREEN, A.-M. u. E. DAVENPORT: Putting new media in its place: the Edinburgh experience; ROSS, C.S.: Finding without seeking: what readers say about the role of pleasure-reading as a source of information; SAVOLAINEN, R.: Seeking and using information from the Internet: the context of non-work use; SPINK, A. u.a.: Everyday life information-seeking by low-income African American households: Wynnewood Healthy Neighbourhood Project; DIXON, P. u. L. BANWELL: School governors and effective dicision making; COOPER, L. u. C.C. KUHLTHAU: Imagery for constructing meaning in the information search process: a study of middle school students; FABRITIUS, H.: Triangulation as a multiperspective strategy in a qualitative study of information seeking behaviour of journalists; JOHINSTON, S.: Training for the information economy: a study of the information culture of a graduate business school; NICHOLAS, D. u. P. WILLIAMS: The changing information environment: the impact of the Internet on information seeking behaviour in the media; WIJNGAERT, L. van de: A policy capturing study of media choice: the effect information of needs and user characteristics on media choices; FETZER, A.: Validity claims: assigning contextual information; FOSTER, A.: On the interpretative authority of information systems; MUTCH, A.: Information: a critical realist approach; PERRY, M.: Process, representation and taskworld: distributed cognition and the organisation of information; HUOTARI, M.-L.: Social network analysis as a tool to evaluate IM in the public sector: a pilot study at the University of Tampere