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Milstead, J.L.: Thesauri in a full-text world (1998)
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- Abstract
- Despite early claims to the contemporary, thesauri continue to find use as access tools for information in the full-text environment. Their mode of use is changing, but this change actually represents an expansion rather than a contrdiction of their utility. Thesauri and similar vocabulary tools can complement full-text access by aiding users in focusing their searches, by supplementing the linguistic analysis of the text search engine, and even by serving as one of the tools used by the linguistic engine for its analysis. While human indexing contunues to be used for many databases, the trend is to increase the use of machine aids for this purpose. All machine-aided indexing (MAI) systems rely on thesauri as the basis for term selection. In the 21st century, the balance of effort between human and machine will change at both input and output, but thesauri will continue to play an important role for the foreseeable future
- Date
- 22. 9.1997 19:16:05
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Milstead, J.L.: Methodologies for subject analysis in bibliographic databases (1992)
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- Abstract
- Report on a subject analysis review undertaken to aid managers of databases in determining if new and little-known capabilities would improve the cost-effectiveness of subject analysis operations. Operational machine-aided and automatic indexing systems were found to form a continuum. Commercial automatic indexing packages were also reviewed. The primary obstacle to development of automatic indexing is the lack of machine understanding of natural language. Recommendations for action include: increasing the power of the indexer interface, studying indexing policies, enrichment of thesauri, and considering the development of machine-aided indexing
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Milstead, J.L.: Database design : Indexing applications (1989)
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- Source
- Indexing: the state of our knowledge and the state of our ignorance. Proc. of the 20th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Indexers, New York, 13.5.1988. Ed.: B.H. Weinberg
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Milstead, J.L.: Methodologies for subject analysis in bibliographic databases (1992)
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- Abstract
- The goal of the study was to determine the state of the art of subject analysis as applied to large bibliographic data bases. The intent was to gather and evaluate information, casting it in a form that could be applied by management. There was no attempt to determine actual costs or trade-offs among costs and possible benefits. Commercial automatic indexing packages were also reviewed. The overall conclusion was that data base producers should begin working seriously on upgrading their thesauri and codifying their indexing policies as a means of moving toward development of machine aids to indexing, but that fully automatic indexing is not yet ready for wholesale implementation
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Milstead, J.L.; Berger, M.C.: ¬The Engineering Information thesaurus development project (1993)
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- Abstract
- Reports on the development of a thesaurus by Engineering Information, Inc. for use in indexing its databases. The concept in the former, highly precoordinate, indexing vocabulary were converted into postcoodinate descriptors, and a full set of thesaural relationships developed. Issues to be resolved in developing the vocabulary included the degree of postcoordination that was appropriate, the need to make the thesaurus usable with retrospective indexing that could not be converted and the demands on in-house staff during the development and conversion process
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Milstead, J.L.: Indexing for subject cataloguers (1983)
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- Abstract
- Indexing and cataloguing are conceptually the same activity, even though they differ in practice in the United States today. The purpose of this paper is to provide subject cataloguers with some insights from the state of the art of indexing. Catalogues and indexes differ in practice primarily in that the former are expected to be all things to all people, while the latter can be specialized to meet specific needs. Indexes typically analyze smaller items, thus providing deeper access; they are more flexible, especially in vocabulary and in file permanence, and they have better exploited the capabilities of the computer.
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Milstead, J.L.; Borko, H.: Shoes for the Cobbler's children : the ASIS thesaurus (1994)
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- Source
- Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science. 21(1994) no.1, S.22-24
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Milstead, J.L.: Needs for research in indexing (1994)
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- Abstract
- In recent years, the amount of research in indexing appears to have decreased, despite the continued need for improvement in both quality and cost-effectiveness of indexing. The primary purpose of any index is to permit users to locate information; this implies both a need for research into user needs per se, and a requirement that any research be oriented toward the goal of meeting those needs. Cognitive processes of both indexers and index users need study; the former appear not to have been explicitely addressed in the literature. Issues of vocabulary control - the extent of control, or even whether it should be used at all - continue to present problems, despite the continued development of tools intended to aid in such control. Increased computer power has made it possible to relegate to the computer more of the tasks formerly carried out by humans. The need to determine how best to supplement human intellectual effort with computer capabilities has become urgent. Structure and layout of indexes, both on the printed page and on computer screens, remain primarily a matter of folklore and intuition, despite the existence of some research on the topic. Finally, more research on evaluation of indexes is required, to assure that all other efforts contribute to actual usability of the final product
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Milstead, J.L.: Needs for research in indexing (1997)
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Milstead, J.L.: Standards for relationships between subject indexing terms (2001)
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