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Abstract

Several types of moving images are available now, and each has its own indexing needs. In addition, a number of levels of indexing are necessary, depending on the type of image, the type of collection, and the needs of users. In information science, work on providing indexing to the various levels has largely to do with finding ways to recycle text created for other purposes in the processes of production, in order to point to individual shots, sequences, scenes, or chapters. Such text recycling needs to happen automatically, through the application of algorithms developed for this purpose, since indexing at the various levels by humans is prohibitively expensive in most circumstances. Multilingual indexing is an issue in the context of retrieving images in a networked environment. Another issue is access to moving images using indexing approaches other than subject indexing. Tagging of images by users is prevalent in the networked environment, and a discussion of its usefulness is included. Finally, there is some speculation on what the future of moving image indexing might bring.

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Abstract

Access to audiovisual materials should be as open and free as access to print-based materials. However, we have not yet achieved such a reality. Methods useful for organising print-based materials do not necessarily work well when applied to audiovisual and multimedia materials. In this project, we studied using audio description text and written descriptions to generate keywords for indexing moving images. We found that such sources are fruitful and helpful. In the second part of the study, we looked at the possibility of automatically translating keywords from audio description text into other languages to use them as indexing. Here again, the results are encouraging.

Content

Vortrag anlässlich: WORLD LIBRARY AND INFORMATION CONGRESS: 73RD IFLA GENERAL CONFERENCE AND COUNCIL 19-23 August 2007, Durban, South Africa. - 157 - Classification and Indexing

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Abstract

This paper includes some of the results of a study that looks at three types of text for automatically deriving shot-level indexing to moving images. Audio description is a voice added to the sound track of moving pictures to provide information for the visually impaired. We analyse two one-hour parts of a television production broadcast as a mini-series in 1997. We compare our results with those of a previous study, which identifies some of the characteristics of audio description and the associated moving image. We found close correspondence among some aspects studied and for other aspects muck less correspondence, but for reasons we are able to explain. In addition, in the process of conducting the current study we further developed our methodology and now feel that it is a mature method for analysing audio description text as a source for generating indexing to the associated moving image.

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Abstract

Most moving image collections have existed for less than a century, and as we enter the new millennium we observe that the organisation of these collections is still characterized by ad hoc practices. An important stream of research in this area focuses on high-level access to images using methods from library and information science, and using text to create information useful for retrieval. It has been established that common names for objects seen in the image are the key to retrieval in such collections. On a day-to-day basis, those responsible for collection management build indexing vocabularies, creating terms as necessary, and often structuring them loosely into a thesaurus. Discussions with moving image collection librarians have led us to believe that there may be an optimal number of common names a thesaurus for managing general collections of moving images should contain, and that the terms may even be the same from one thesaurus to the next. In this paper, we describe the methodology adopted for studying this question, and report preliminary results