Search (69 results, page 1 of 4)

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Abstract

Definition and Scope For the purpose of this reader, subject analysis is understood to encompass vocabulary structuring and subject indexing. Vocabulary structuring refers to the constructing of tools, such as classifications, subject heading lists, and thesauri, designed to facilitate the organization and retrieval of information. These tools, though called by different names, are similar in that they structure or control the basic vocabulary of a subject index language by 1) stipulating terms that may be used in the classing or indexing of documents and 2) displaying semantic relationships, such as hierarchy and synonymy, that obtain between these terms. They differ in the kinds of terms and relationships they recognize and in the manner in which these are displayed. Subject indexing refers to the application of a vocabulary, which may be more or less well structured, to indicate the content or aboutness of documents. Traditionally subject indexing limits its domain to only certain types of documents, such as passages within books (back-of-book indexing) or periodical articles, and the expression it uses to only certain types of strings, for example, descriptors or index terms as opposed to subject headings or class numbers. However, in a generalized and more modern sense, subject indexing refers to the indication of the theme or topic of any document, indeed any retrieval artifact, by any meaningful string of alphanumeric characters. The value of construing the meaning of subject analysis broadly is threefold: it permits comparing a variety of approaches to subject analysis; it permits generalizing about these approaches at a relatively high descriptive level, so that principles and objectives are shown in relief; and, most importantly perhaps, it permits a unified view of the traditional and information scientific approaches to subject analysis.

Content

Eine exzellente (und durch die Herausgeber kommentierte) Zusammenstellung und Wiedergabe folgender Originalbeiträge: CUTTER, C.A.: Subjects; DEWEY, M.: Decimal classification and relativ index: introduction; HOPWOOD, H.V.: Dewey expanded; HULME, E.W.: Principles of book classification; KAISER, J.O.: Systematic indexing; MARTEL, C.: Classification: a brief conspectus of present day library practice; BLISS, H.E.: A bibliographic classification: principles and definitions; RANGANATHAN, S.R.: Facet analysis: fundamental categories; PETTEE, J.: The subject approach to books and the development of the dictionary catalog; PETTEE, J.: Fundamental principles of the dictionary catalog; PETTEE, J.: Public libraries and libraries as purveyors of information; HAYKIN, D.J.: Subject headings: fundamental concepts; TAUBE, M.: Functional approach to bibliographic organization: a critique and a proposal; VICKERY, B.C.: Systematic subject indexing; FEIBLEMAN, J.K.: Theory of integrative levels; GARFIELD, E.: Citation indexes for science; CRG: The need for a faceted classification as the basis of all methods of information retrieval; LUHN, H.P.: Keyword-in-context index for technical literature; COATES, E.J.: Significance and term relationship in compound headings; FARRADANE, J.E.L.: Fundamental fallacies and new needs in classification; FOSKETT, D.J.: Classification and integrative levels; CLEVERDON, C.W. u. J. MILLS: The testing of index language devices; MOOERS, C.N.: The indexing language of an information retrieval system; NEEDHAM, R.M. u. K. SPARCK JONES: Keywords and clumps; ROLLING, L.: The role of graphic display of concept relationships in indexing and retrieval vocabularies; BORKO, H.: Research in computer based classification systems; WILSON, P.: Subjects and the sense of position; LANCASTER, F.W.: Evaluating the performance of a large computerized information system; SALTON, G.: Automatic processing of foreign language documents; FAIRTHORNE, R.A.: Temporal structure in bibliographic classification; AUSTIN, D. u. J.A. DIGGER: PRECIS: The Preserved Context Index System; FUGMANN, R.: The complementarity of natural and indexing languages

LCSH

Indexing / Addresses, essays, lectures

Subject

Indexing / Addresses, essays, lectures

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Abstract

This 5th ed. has been heavily revised and partly rewritten. It comprises 5 parts: (1) Theory of information retrieval systems (covering derived indexing, printed indexes and database access systems as well as sematics and syntax); (2) Precoordinate indexing systems (covering subject headings, notation, alphabetical index, OPACs); (3) Precoordinate indexing languages (covering the DDC, UDC, BC, CC, LCC, LCSH and shorter lists of subject headings); (4) Postcoordinate indexing languages; (5) The future (digital libraries). Author and subject index

COMPASS

Subject indexing

Date

25. 7.2002 21:22:31

Subject

Subject indexing

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Date

22. 4.2007 10:07:51

LCSH

Indexing

Subject

Indexing

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Abstract

Points out that designers of information systems for subject retrieval aiming at some kind of uinversal usage face the major problem of context, as a word by itself is not meaningful; and inseparable from this problem is that of the terminology used. This problem is most evident in systems that rely totally on words, rather than a systematic structure of some kind

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Content

Inhalt: Classification: definition and uses - The relationships between classes - Enumerative and faceted schemes - Decisions - The construction of a faceted scheme: I - The construction of a faceted scheme: II - Notation: I - Notation: II - Notation: III - The alphabetical subject index - General classification schemes - Objections to systematic order - Automatic classification

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Abstract

The development of the Semantic Web, with machine-readable content, has the potential to revolutionise the World Wide Web and its use. A Semantic Web Primer provides an introduction and guide to this emerging field, describing its key ideas, languages and technologies. Suitable for use as a textbook or for self-study by professionals, it concentrates on undergraduate-level fundamental concepts and techniques that will enable readers to proceed with building applications on their own. It includes exercises, project descriptions and annotated references to relevant online materials. A Semantic Web Primer is the only available book on the Semantic Web to include a systematic treatment of the different languages (XML, RDF, OWL and rules) and technologies (explicit metadata, ontologies and logic and interference) that are central to Semantic Web development. The book also examines such crucial related topics as ontology engineering and application scenarios. After an introductory chapter, topics covered in succeeding chapters include XML and related technologies that support semantic interoperability; RDF and RDF Schema, the standard data model for machine-processable semantics; and OWL, the W3C-approved standard for a Web ontology language more extensive than RDF Schema; rules, both monotonic and nonmonotonic, in the framework of the Semantic Web; selected application domains and how the Semantic Web would benefit them; the development of ontology-based systems; and current debates on key issues and predictions for the future.

Footnote

The next chapter introduces resource description framework (RDF) and RDF schema (RDFS). Unlike XML, RDF provides a foundation for expressing the semantics of dada: it is a standard dada model for machine-processable semantics. Resource description framework schema offers a number of modeling primitives for organizing RDF vocabularies in typed hierarchies. In addition to RDF and RDFS, a query language for RDF, i.e. RQL. is introduced. This chapter and the next chapter are two of the most important chapters in the book. Chapter 4 presents another language called Web Ontology Language (OWL). Because RDFS is quite primitive as a modeling language for the Web, more powerful languages are needed. A richer language. DAML+OIL, is thus proposed as a joint endeavor of the United States and Europe. OWL takes DAML+OIL as the starting point, and aims to be the standardized and broadly accepted ontology language. At the beginning of the chapter, the nontrivial relation with RDF/RDFS is discussed. Then the authors describe the various language elements of OWL in some detail. Moreover, Appendix A contains an abstract OWL syntax. which compresses OWL and makes OWL much easier to read. Chapter 5 covers both monotonic and nonmonotonic rules. Whereas the previous chapter's mainly concentrate on specializations of knowledge representation, this chapter depicts the foundation of knowledge representation and inference. Two examples are also givwn to explain monotonic and non-monotonic rules, respectively. "To get the most out of the chapter. readers had better gain a thorough understanding of predicate logic first. Chapter 6 presents several realistic application scenarios to which the Semantic Web technology can be applied. including horizontal information products at Elsevier, data integration at Audi, skill finding at Swiss Life, a think tank portal at EnerSearch, e-learning. Web services, multimedia collection indexing, online procurement, raid device interoperability. These case studies give us some real feelings about the Semantic Web.

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LCSH

Indexing
Indexing / Addresses, essays, lectures (BL)
Documents Indexing (BL)

Subject

Indexing
Indexing / Addresses, essays, lectures (BL)
Documents Indexing (BL)

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Content

Enthält die Kapitel: Indexing principles, Indexing practice, Precoordinate indexes, Consistency of indexing, Quality of indexing, Abstracts: types and functions, Writing the Abstract, Evaluation aspects, Approaches used in indexing and abstracting services, Enhancing the indexing, On the indexing and abstracting of imaginative works, Indexing multimedia sources, Texte searching, Automatic indexing, automatic abstracting, and related procedures, Indexing and the Internet, The future of indexing and abstracting, exercises in indexing and abstracting

LCSH

Indexing
Indexing / Problems, exercises, etc.

Subject

Indexing
Indexing / Problems, exercises, etc.

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Abstract

This book examines a core topic in traditional librarianship: classification. Classification has often been treated as a sub-set of cataloguing and indexing with relatively few basic textbooks concentrating solely an the theory and practice of classifying resources. This book attempts to redress the balance somewhat. The aim is to demystify a complex subject, by providing a sound theoretical underpinning, together with practical advice and promotion of practical skills. The text is arranged into five chapters: Chapter 1: Classification in theory and practice. This chapter explores theories of classification in broad terms and then focuses an the basic principles of library classification, introducing readers to technical terminology and different types of classification scheme. The next two chapters examine individual classification schemes in depth. Each scheme is explained using frequent examples to illustrate basic features. Working through the exercises provided should be enjoyable and will enable readers to gain practical skills in using the three most widely used general library classification schemes: Dewey Decimal Classification, Library of Congress Classification and Universal Decimal Classification. Chapter 2: Classification schemes for general collections. Dewey Decimal and Library of Congress classifications are the most useful and popular schemes for use in general libraries. The background, coverage and structure of each scheme are examined in detail in this chapter. Features of the schemes and their application are illustrated with examples. Chapter 3: Classification schemes for specialist collections. Dewey Decimal and Library of Congress may not provide sufficient depth of classification for specialist collections. In this chapter, classification schemes that cater to specialist needs are examined. Universal Decimal Classification is superficially very much like Dewey Decimal, but possesses features that make it a good choice for specialist libraries or special collections within general libraries. It is recognised that general schemes, no matter how deep their coverage, may not meet the classification needs of some collections. An answer may be to create a special classification scheme and this process is examined in detail here. Chapter 4: Classifying electronic resources. Classification has been reborn in recent years with an increasing need to organise digital information resources. A lot of work in this area has been conducted within the computer science discipline, but uses basic principles of classification and thesaurus construction. This chapter takes a broad view of theoretical and practical issues involved in creating classifications for digital resources by examining subject trees, taxonomies and ontologies. Chapter 5: Summary. This chapter provides a brief overview of concepts explored in depth in previous chapters. Development of practical skills is emphasised throughout the text. It is only through using classification schemes that a deep understanding of their structure and unique features can be gained. Although all the major schemes covered in the text are available an the Web, it is recommended that hard-copy versions are used by those wishing to become acquainted with their overall structure. Recommended readings are supplied at the end of each chapter and provide useful sources of additional information and detail. Classification demands precision and the application of analytical skills, working carefully through the examples and the practical exercises should help readers to improve these faculties. Anyone who enjoys cryptic crosswords should recognise a parallel: classification often involves taking the meaning of something apart and then reassembling it in a different way.

Footnote

Rez. in: KO 31(2005), no.4, S.257-258 (B.H. Kwasnik): "According to the author, there have been many books that address the general topic of cataloging and indexing, but relatively few that focus solely an classification. This Compact and clearly written book promises to "redress the balance," and it does. From the outset the author identifies this as a textbook - one that provides theoretical underpinnings, but has as its main goal the provision of "practical advice and the promotion of practical skills" (p. vii). This is a book for the student, or for the practitioner who would like to learn about other applied bibliographic classification systems, and it considers classification as a pragmatic solution to a pragmatic problem: that of organizing materials in a collection. It is not aimed at classification researchers who study the nature of classification per se, nor at those whose primary interest is in classification as a manifestation of human cultural, social, and political values. Having said that, the author's systematic descriptions provide an exceptionally lucid and conceptually grounded description of the prevalent bibliographic classification schemes as they exist, and thus, the book Could serve as a baseline for further comparative analyses or discussions by anyone pursuing such investigations. What makes this book so appealing, even to someone who has immersed herself in this area for many years, as a practicing librarian, a teacher, and a researcher? I especially liked the conceptual framework that supported the detailed descriptions. The author defines and provides examples of the fundamental concepts of notation and the types of classifications, and then develops the notions of conveying order, brevity and simplicity, being memorable, expressiveness, flexibility and hospitality. These basic terms are then used throughout to analyze and comment an the classifications described in the various chapters: DDC, LCC, UDC, and some well-chosen examples of facetted schemes (Colon, Bliss, London Classification of Business Studies, and a hypothetical library of photographs).

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Content

Enthält die Beiträge: WELLISCH, H.H.: The literature of indexing; THOMAS, D.: Book indexing principles and stan-dards; FETTERS, L.K.: Indexing software; MILSTEAD, J.L.: Database design: Indexing applications; PRESCHEL, B.M.: Indexing for print, online, and CD-ROM; BRENNER, E.H.: Vocabulary control; ANDERSON, J.D.: Indexing and classification: file organization and display for information retrieval; CROFT, W.B.: Automatic indexing; SARACEVIC, T.: Indexing, searching, and relevance; LIPETZ, B.-A.: The usefulness of indexes; THOMAS, D.: History of the American Society of Indexers

LCSH

Indexing / Congresses

Subject

Indexing / Congresses

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LCSH

Indexing

RSWK

Indexing / Abstracting (GBV)

Subject

Indexing / Abstracting (GBV)
Indexing

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Content

Enthält die Kapitel: 1. Basic concepts of information retrieval systems, 2. Database technology, 3. Bibliographic formats, 4. Subject analysis and representation, 5. Automatic indexing and file organization, 6. Vocabulary control, 7. Abstracts and abstracting, 8. Searching and retrieval, 9. Users of information retrieval, 10. Evaluation of information retrieval systems, 11. Evaluation experiments, 12. Online information retrieval, 13. CD-ROM information retrieval, 14. Trends in CD-ROM and online information retrieval, 15. Multimedia information retrieval, 16. Hypertext and hypermedia systems, 17. Intelligent information retrieval, 18. Natural language processing and information retrieval, 19. Natural language interfaces, 20. Natural language text processing and retrieval systems, 21. Problems and prospects of natural language processing systems, 22. The Internet and information retrieval, 23. Trends in information retrieval.

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COMPASS

Indexing

Content

Enthält folgende Kapitel: Pre-coordinate indexes; consistency of indexing: quality of indexing; abstracts: types and functions, writing the abstract, natural language in information retrieval, automatic indexing. There are exercises in both indexing and abstracting procedures

LCSH

Indexing

Subject

Indexing
Indexing

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Content

Introduction to subject indexing. - Subject analysis. - Elements of practical classification. - Universal Decimal Classification [UDC]. -Classified catalogue. - Alphabetical subject catalogue. - Post-coordinate indexing

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Content

Covers: indexing principles and practice; precoordinate indexes; consistency and quality of indexing; types and functions of abstracts; writing an abstract; evaluation theory and practice; approaches used in indexing and abstracting services; indexing enhancement; natural language in information retrieval; indexing and abstracting of imaginative works; databases of images and sound; automatic indexing and abstracting; the future of indexing and abstracting services

LCSH

Indexing
Indexing / Problems, exercises, etc.

Subject

Indexing
Indexing / Problems, exercises, etc.

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LCSH

Indexing

RSWK

Indexing / Abstracting (GBV)

Subject

Indexing / Abstracting (GBV)
Indexing

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LCSH

Indexing

Subject

Indexing

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