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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 56(2005) no.2, S.215-216 (A. Heath): "What is small, thoroughly organized, and easy to understand? Well, it's Heting Chu's latest book an information retrieval. A very welcome release, this small literary addition to the field (only 248 pages) contains a concise and weIl-organized discussion of every major topic in information retrieval. The often-complex field of information retrieval is presented from its origin in the early 1950s to the present day. The organization of this text is top-notch, thus making this an easy read for even the novice. Unlike other titles in this area, Chu's user-friendly style of writing is done an purpose to properly introduce newcomers to the field in a less intimidating way. As stated by the author in the Preface, the purpose of the book is to "present a systematic, thorough yet nontechnical view of the field by using plain language to explain complex subjects." Chu has definitely struck up the right combination of ingredients. In a field so broad and complex, a well-organized presentation of topics that don't trip an themselves is essential. The use of plain language where possible is also a good choice for this topic because it allows one to absorb topics that are, by nature, not as easy to grasp. For instance, Chapters 6 and 7, which cover retrieval approaches and techniques, an often painstaking topic for many students and teachers is deftly handled with the use of tables that can be used to compare and contrast the various models discussed. I particularly loved Chu's use of Koll's 2000 article from the Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science to explain subject searching at the beginning of Chapter 6, which discusses the differences between browsing and searching. The Koll article uses the task of finding a needle in a haystack as an analogy.
Chu's intent with this book is clear throughout the entire text. With this presentation, she writes with the novice in mind or as she puls it in the Preface, "to anyone who is interested in learning about the field, particularly those who are new to it." After reading the text, I found that this book is also an appropriate reference book for those who are somewhat advanced in the field. I found the chapters an information retrieval models and techniques, metadata, and AI very informative in that they contain information that is often rather densely presented in other texts. Although, I must say, the metadata section in Chapter 3 is pretty basic and contains more questions about the area than information. . . . It is an excellent book to have in the classroom, an your bookshelf, etc. It reads very well and is written with the reader in mind. If you are in need of a more advanced or technical text an the subject, this is not the book for you. But, if you are looking for a comprehensive, manual that can be used as a "flip-through," then you are in luck."
Weitere Rez. in: Rez. in: nfd 55(2004) H.4, S.252 (D. Lewandowski):"Die Zahl der Bücher zum Thema Information Retrieval ist nicht gering, auch in deutscher Sprache liegen einige Titel vor. Trotzdem soll ein neues (englischsprachiges) Buch zu diesem Thema hier besprochen werden. Dieses zeichnet sich durch eine Kürze (nur etwa 230 Seiten Text) und seine gute Verständlichkeit aus und richtet sich damit bevorzugt an Studenten in den ersten Semestern. Heting Chu unterrichtet seit 1994 an Palmer School of Library and Information Science der Long Island University New York. Dass die Autorin viel Erfahrung in der Vermittlung des Stoffs in ihren Information-Retrieval-Veranstaltungen sammeln konnte, merkt man dem Buch deutlich an. Es ist einer klaren und verständlichen Sprache geschrieben und führt in die Grundlagen der Wissensrepräsentation und des Information Retrieval ein. Das Lehrbuch behandelt diese Themen als Gesamtkomplex und geht damit über den Themenbereich ähnlicher Bücher hinaus, die sich in der Regel auf das Retrieval beschränken. Das Buch ist in zwölf Kapitel gegliedert, wobei das erste Kapitel eine Übersicht über die zu behandelnden Themen gibt und den Leser auf einfache Weise in die Grundbegriffe und die Geschichte des IRR einführt. Neben einer kurzen chronologischen Darstellung der Entwicklung der IRR-Systeme werden auch vier Pioniere des Gebiets gewürdigt: Mortimer Taube, Hans Peter Luhn, Calvin N. Mooers und Gerard Salton. Dies verleiht dem von Studenten doch manchmal als trocken empfundenen Stoff eine menschliche Dimension. Das zweite und dritte Kapitel widmen sich der Wissensrepräsentation, wobei zuerst die grundlegenden Ansätze wie Indexierung, Klassifikation und Abstracting besprochen werden. Darauf folgt die Behandlung von Wissensrepräsentation mittels Metadaten, wobei v.a. neuere Ansätze wie Dublin Core und RDF behandelt werden. Weitere Unterkapitel widmen sich der Repräsentation von Volltexten und von Multimedia-Informationen. Die Stellung der Sprache im IRR wird in einem eigenen Kapitel behandelt. Dabei werden in knapper Form verschiedene Formen des kontrollierten Vokabulars und die wesentlichen Unterscheidungsmerkmale zur natürlichen Sprache erläutert. Die Eignung der beiden Repräsentationsmöglichkeiten für unterschiedliche IRR-Zwecke wird unter verschiedenen Aspekten diskutiert.
Die Kapitel fünf bis neun widmen sich dann ausführlich dem Information Retrieval. Zuerst werden grundlegende Retrievaltechniken vorgestellt und ihre Vor- und Nachteile dargestellt. Aus der Sicht des Nutzers von IR-Systemen wird der Prozess des Bildens einer Suchanfrage diskutiert und die damit verbundenen Probleme aufgezeigt. Im sechsten Kapitel werden die Retrieval-Ansätze Suchen und Browsen gegenübergestellt, entsprechende Suchstrategien aufgezeigt und schließlich Ansätze diskutiert, die suchen und browsen zu integrieren versuchen. Das siebte Kapitel beschäftigt sich dann mit dem, was den Kern der meisten IRBücher ausmacht: den IR-Modellen. Diese werden kurz vorgestellt, auf Formeln wird weitgehend verzichtet. Dies ist jedoch durchaus als Vorteil zu sehen, denn gerade Studienanfängern bereitet das Verständnis der IR-Modelle aufgrund deren Komplexität oft Schwierigkeiten. Nach der Lektüre dieses Kapitels wird man zwar nicht im Detail über die verschiedenen Modelle Bescheid wissen, wird sie jedoch kennen und einordnen können.
In Kapitel acht werden unterschiedliche Arten von IR-Systemen vorgestellt. Dies sind Online IR-Systeme, CD-ROM-Systeme, OPACs und Internet IR-Systeme, denen der Grossteil dieses Kapitels gewidmet ist. Zu jeder Art von System werden die historische Entwicklung und die Besonderheiten genannt. Bei den Internet-IR-Systemen wird ausführlich auf die besonderen Probleme, die bei diesen im Vergleich zu klassischen IR-Systemen auftauchen, eingegangen. Ein extra Kapitel behandelt die Besonderheiten des Retrievals bei besonderen Dokumentkollektionen und besonderen Formaten. Hier finden sich Informationen zum multilingualen Retrieval und zur Suche nach Multimedia-Inhalten, wobei besonders auf die Unterscheidung zwischen beschreibungs- und inhaltsbasiertem Ansatz der Erschließung solcher Inhalte eingegangen wird. In Kapitel zehn erfährt der Leser mehr über die Stellung des Nutzers in IRR-Prozessen. Die Autorin stellt verschiedene Arten von Suchinterfaces bzw. Benutzeroberflächen und Ansätze der Evaluation der Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion in solchen Systemen vor. Kapitel elf beschäftigt sich ausführlich mit der Evaluierung von IRR-Systemen und stellt die bedeutendsten Test (Cranfield und TREC) vor Ein kurzes abschließendes Kapitel behandelt Ansätze der künstlichen Intelligenz und ihre Anwendung bei IRR-Systemen. Der Aufbau, die knappe, aber dennoch präzise Behandlung des Themas sowie die verständliche Sprache machen dieses Buch zu eine sehr guten Einführung für Studenten in den ersten Semestern, die der englischen Sprache mächtig sind. Besonders positiv hervorzuheben ist die Behandlung auch der aktuellen Themen des IRR wie der Einsatz von Metadaten, die Behandlung von Multimedia-Informationen und der Schwerpunk bei den Internet-IR-Systemen.
Leider gibt es in deutscher Sprache keinen vergleichbaren Titel. Das Information-Retrieval-Buch von Ferber (2003) ist eher mathematisch orientiert und dürfte Studienanfänger der Informationswissenschaft durch seine große Detailliertheit und der damit einhergehenden großen Anzahl von Formeln eher abschrecken. Es ist eher denjenigen empfohlen, die sich intensiver mit dem Thema beschäftigen möchten. Ähnlich verhält es sich mit dem von manchen gerne genutzten Skript von Fuhr. Das Buch von Gaus (2003) ist mittlerweile schon ein Klassiker, beschäftigt sich aber im wesentlichen mit der Wissensrepräsentation und bietet zudem wenig Aktuelles. So fehlen etwa die Themen Information Retrieval im Internet und Multimedia-Retrieval komplett. Auch die Materialsammlung von Poetzsch (2002) konzentriert sich auf IR in klassischen Datenbanken und strebt zudem auch keine systematische Darstellung des Gebiets an. Zu wünschen wäre also, dass das hier besprochene Buch auch hierzulande in der Lehre Verwendung finden würde, da es den Studierenden einen knappen, gut lesbaren Einblick in das Themengebiet gibt. Es sollte aufgrund der vorbildlichen Aufbereitung des Stoffs auch Vorbild für zukünftige Autoren von Lehrbüchern sein. Und letztlich würde sich der Rezensent eine deutsche Übersetzung dieses Bandes wünschen."

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Editor

Cebeci, Z.
Öztürk, A.

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Abstract

Das Buch vermittelt Kenntnisse über die Modellierung dokumentbezogener Metadaten durch praktische Aufgabenstellungen, begleitende theoretische Erläuterungen sowie ergänzende Übungen. Als Beispiele dienen Bilddokumente und bibliografische Daten. Es wird vermittelt, wie entsprechende Datenbanken aufgebaut und mit geeigneten Suchumgebungen ausgestattet werden. Es wird dargestellt und praktisch geübt, wie Kenntnisse über die Struktur der Daten zum Import von Fremddaten genutzt werden können. Zielvorstellung ist der Aufbau von Datenbanken zur formalen und inhaltlichen Erschließung und die Gestaltung von Retrievalumgebungen, für bibliografische Daten auch die Erstellung von Bibliografien. Als Methoden zur inhaltlichen Erschließung werden besonders die semantische Strukturierung von Themenfeldern am Beispiel des aspektorientierten Thesaurus-Konzepts und das Automatische Indexieren bibliografischer Daten behandelt. Abgerundet wird die Darstellung durch die Diskussion von Bezügen zum Aufbau relationaler Datenbanken für bibliografische Daten sowie Hintergründe der Zeichencodierung und Ordnungsfragen.

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Abstract

Logic and the Organization of Information closely examines the historical and contemporary methodologies used to catalogue information objects-books, ebooks, journals, articles, web pages, images, emails, podcasts and more-in the digital era. This book provides an in-depth technical background for digital librarianship, and covers a broad range of theoretical and practical topics including: classification theory, topic annotation, automatic clustering, generalized synonymy and concept indexing, distributed libraries, semantic web ontologies and Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS). It also analyzes the challenges facing today's information architects, and outlines a series of techniques for overcoming them. Logic and the Organization of Information is intended for practitioners and professionals working at a design level as a reference book for digital librarianship. Advanced-level students, researchers and academics studying information science, library science, digital libraries and computer science will also find this book invaluable.

Footnote

Rez. in: J. Doc. 70(2014) no.4: "Books on the organization of information and knowledge, aimed at a library/information audience, tend to fall into two clear categories. Most are practical and pragmatic, explaining the "how" as much or more than the "why". Some are theoretical, in part or in whole, showing how the practice of classification, indexing, resource description and the like relates to philosophy, logic, and other foundational bases; the books by Langridge (1992) and by Svenonious (2000) are well-known examples this latter kind. To this category certainly belongs a recent book by Martin Frické (2012). The author takes the reader for an extended tour through a variety of aspects of information organization, including classification and taxonomy, alphabetical vocabularies and indexing, cataloguing and FRBR, and aspects of the semantic web. The emphasis throughout is on showing how practice is, or should be, underpinned by formal structures; there is a particular emphasis on first order predicate calculus. The advantages of a greater, and more explicit, use of symbolic logic is a recurring theme of the book. There is a particularly commendable historical dimension, often omitted in texts on this subject. It cannot be said that this book is entirely an easy read, although it is well written with a helpful index, and its arguments are generally well supported by clear and relevant examples. It is thorough and detailed, but thereby seems better geared to the needs of advanced students and researchers than to the practitioners who are suggested as a main market. For graduate students in library/information science and related disciplines, in particular, this will be a valuable resource. I would place it alongside Svenonious' book as the best insight into the theoretical "why" of information organization. It has evoked a good deal of interest, including a set of essay commentaries in Journal of Information Science (Gilchrist et al., 2013). Introducing these, Alan Gilchrist rightly says that Frické deserves a salute for making explicit the fundamental relationship between the ancient discipline of logic and modern information organization. If information science is to continue to develop, and make a contribution to the organization of the information environments of the future, then this book sets the groundwork for the kind of studies which will be needed." (D. Bawden)

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Abstract

The book covers multimedia ontology in heritage preservation with intellectual explorations of various themes of Indian cultural heritage. The result of more than 15 years of collective research, Multimedia Ontology: Representation and Applications provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the nature of media data and the principles involved in its interpretation. The book presents a unified approach to recent advances in multimedia and explains how a multimedia ontology can fill the semantic gap between concepts and the media world. It relays real-life examples of implementations in different domains to illustrate how this gap can be filled. The book contains information that helps with building semantic, content-based search and retrieval engines and also with developing vertical application-specific search applications. It guides you in designing multimedia tools that aid in logical and conceptual organization of large amounts of multimedia data. As a practical demonstration, it showcases multimedia applications in cultural heritage preservation efforts and the creation of virtual museums. The book describes the limitations of existing ontology techniques in semantic multimedia data processing, as well as some open problems in the representations and applications of multimedia ontology. As an antidote, it introduces new ontology representation and reasoning schemes that overcome these limitations. The long, compiled efforts reflected in Multimedia Ontology: Representation and Applications are a signpost for new achievements and developments in efficiency and accessibility in the field.

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Content

Inhalt: The importance of information need -- The history of information need -- The framework for our discussion -- Modeling the user in information search -- Information seeking's conceptualization of information need during information search -- Information use -- Adaptation : internal information flows and knowledge generation -- A theory of information need -- How information need works -- The user's situation in the pre-focus search -- The situation of user's information need in pre-focus information search -- The selection concept -- A review of the user's pre-focus information search -- How information need works in a focusing search -- Circles 1 to 5 : how information need works -- Corroborating research -- Applying information need -- The astrolabe : an information system for stage 3 information exploration -- Conclusion.

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Abstract

Human information interaction (HII) is an emerging area of study that investigates how people interact with information; its subfield human information behavior (HIB) is a flourishing, active discipline. Yet despite their obvious relevance to the design of information systems, these research areas have had almost no impact on systems design. One issue may be the contextual complexity of human interaction with information; another may be the difficulty in translating real-life and unstructured HII complexity into formal, linear structures necessary for systems design. In this book, Raya Fidel proposes a research approach that bridges the study of human information interaction and the design of information systems: cognitive work analysis (CWA). Developed by Jens Rasmussen and his colleagues, CWA embraces complexity and provides a conceptual framework and analytical tools that can harness it to create design requirements. CWA offers an ecological approach to design, analyzing the forces in the environment that shape human interaction with information. Fidel reviews research in HIB, focusing on its contribution to systems design, and then presents the CWA framework. She shows that CWA, with its ecological approach, can be used to overcome design challenges and lead to the development of effective systems. Researchers and designers who use CWA can increase the diversity of their analytical tools, providing them with an alternative approach when they plan research and design projects. The CWA framework enables a collaboration between design and HII that can create information systems tailored to fit human lives. Human Information Interaction constructs an elegant argument for an ecological approach to information behavior. Professor Raya Fidel's cogent exposition of foundational theoretical concepts including cognitive work analysis delivers thoughtful guidance for future work in information interaction. Raya Fidel provides the human information interaction field with a manifesto for studying human information behavior from a holistic perspective, arguing that context dominates human action and we are obligated to study it. She provides a tutorial on cognitive work analysis as a technique for such study. This book is an important contribution to the Information field. Raya Fidel presents a nuanced picture of research on human information interaction, and advocates for Cognitive Work Analysis as the holistic approach to the study and evaluation of human information interaction.

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Abstract

Powering search offers a clear and comprehensive treatment of the role of thesauri in search user interfaces across a range of information search and retrieval systems - from bibliographic and full-text databases to digital libraries, portals, open archives, and content management systems.

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Abstract

The increasing volume of information in the contemporary world entails demand for efficient knowledge management (KM) systems; a logical method of information organization that will allow proper semantic querying to identify things that match meaning in natural language. On this concept, the role of an information manager goes beyond implementing a search and clustering system, to the ability to map and logically present the subject domain and related cross domains. From Knowledge Abstraction to Management answers this need by analysing ontology tools and techniques, helping the reader develop

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Abstract

Content Management Systems (CMSs) are used in almost every industry by millions of end-user organizations. In contrast to the 90s, they are no longer used as isolated applications in one organization but they support critical core operations in business ecosystems. Content management today is more interactive and more integrative: interactive because end-users are increasingly content creators themselves and integrative because content elements can be embedded into various other applications. The authors of this book investigate how Semantic Technologies can increase interactivity and integration capabilities of CMSs and discuss their business value to millions of end-user organizations. This book has therefore the objective, to reflect existing applications as well as to discuss and present new applications for CMSs that use Semantic Technologies. An evaluation of 27 CMSs concludes this book and provides a basis for IT executives that plan to adopt or replace a CMS in the near future.

Content

On the Changing Market for Content Management Systems: Status and Outlook - Wolfgang Maass Empowering the Distributed Editorial Workforce - Steve McNally The Rise of Semantic-aware Applications - Stéphane Croisier Simplified Semantic Enhancement of JCR-based Content Applications -Bertrand Delacretaz and Michael Marth Dynamic Semantic Publishing - Jem Rayfield Semantics in the Domain of eGovernment - Luis Alvarez Sabucedo and Luis Anido Rifón The Interactive Knowledge Stack (IKS): A Vision for the Future of CMS - Wernher Behrendt Essential Requirements for Semantic CMS - Valentina Presutti Evaluation of Content Management Systems - Tobias Kowatsch and Wolfgang Maass CMS with No Particular Industry Focus (versch. Beiträge)

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Abstract

Drawing on the research of experts from the fields of computing and library science, this ground-breaking work will show you how to combine two very different approaches to classification to create more effective, user-friendly information-retrieval systems. * Provides an interdisciplinary overview of current and potential approaches to organizing information by subject * Covers both pure computer science and pure library science topics in easy-to-understand language accessible to audiences from both disciplines * Reviews technological standards for representation, storage, and retrieval of varied knowledge-organization systems and their constituent elements * Suggests a collaborative approach that will reduce duplicate efforts and make it easier to find solutions to practical problems.

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Abstract

"Big Data" is on the covers of Science, Nature, the Economist, and Wired magazines, on the front pages of the Wall Street Journal and the New York Times. But despite the media hyperbole, as Christine Borgman points out in this examination of data and scholarly research, having the right data is usually better than having more data; little data can be just as valuable as big data. In many cases, there are no data -- because relevant data don't exist, cannot be found, or are not available. Moreover, data sharing is difficult, incentives to do so are minimal, and data practices vary widely across disciplines. Borgman, an often-cited authority on scholarly communication, argues that data have no value or meaning in isolation; they exist within a knowledge infrastructure -- an ecology of people, practices, technologies, institutions, material objects, and relationships. After laying out the premises of her investigation -- six "provocations" meant to inspire discussion about the uses of data in scholarship -- Borgman offers case studies of data practices in the sciences, the social sciences, and the humanities, and then considers the implications of her findings for scholarly practice and research policy. To manage and exploit data over the long term, Borgman argues, requires massive investment in knowledge infrastructures; at stake is the future of scholarship.