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Abstract

"British Librarianship and Information Work 1986-1990" continues a series which has run for more than 60 years. It began, in 1928 as the annual "Year's Work in Librarianship", changed from 1951 to "Five Years' Work in Librarianship" and, with the volume for 1966-1970, took on its present title. The series has established itself as an important record of professional activity and thought, through its comprehensive reviews of most aspects of information and library work. It is valuable to those who wish to keep up to date professionally, noting current developments and trends. It will be equally useful for those researchers and students who in the future need to look back historically on the events and achivements of each quinquennium. This issue follows closely the contents and style of its immediate predecessor "British librarianship and information Work 1981-1985", being in two volumes, one covering general libraries and the library information profession, and the other being concerned with special libraries, materials and processes. All the topics in the previous volume are included, except for the chapter on Buildings and Equipment, the contents of which have been incorporated into other chapters. All the contributors were asked to describe the last five years' major events and publications in their fields, and, generally, to limit their contributions to about 7,500 words, with no restriction on the number of bibliographical references. All authors were requested to tackle their subjects thoroughly while conforming to their own personal and individual styles. No attempt has been made to impose an overall editorial style, or to avoid the duplication which results from writers covering specific, but inevitably overlapping, areas of interest. Cross references have not been inserted in the text from chapter to chapter, where duplication occurs, but a detailed subject index provides for readers wishing to approach the review with an interest in any specific area or topic. A separate list of acronyms and abbreviations appears in each volume, representing all such entries identified in both volumes.

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Footnote

Zu Aufbau und Inhalt: In einer Einleitung werden die grundsätzlichen Positionen der Verfasser offengelegt. Diese sind vor allem: eine von der Systemtheorie Luhmanns geprägte (und gelegentlich dessen Fachjargon evozierende) soziologische Perspektive, das Verständnis einer integrativen Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft, eine als modern zu bezeichnende historische Perspektive, sowie das Bestreben, neue Wege zu gehen und Aussagen von längerfristiger Gültigkeit zu treffen. Darauf folgen acht Kapitel Inhalt, ein neuntes als Zusammenschau und Schlusswort, ein Literaturverzeichnis, ein Verzeichnis der Internet-Adressen (leider ohne Datumsangaben), ein Abkürzungsverzeichnis sowie ein (gutes) Sachregister. Alle Kapitel sind wohl strukturiert und jeweils mit einem abschließenden "Ausblick» versehen. Behandelt werden: - die begrifflichen Grundlagen von Information und Bibliothek sowie die historischen/soziologischen Entwicklungslinien (Kapitel 1), - die strukturellen Entwicklungen der deutschen Bibliotheken hin zum funktional differenzierten Bibliothekssystem sowie die technischen Entwicklungen (Kapitel 2), - das deutsche Bibliothekswesen mit der Darstellung von Träger- und Förderinstitutionen, der Arten/Typen von Bibliotheken und ihrer rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen (Kapitel 3), - Netze und Kooperationen, d.h. im einzelnen Verbände, Partner/Förderer des Bibliothekswesens, internationale und nationale Zusammenarbeit, insbesondere im Rahmen von Erwerbung, Erschließung, Benutzung, sowie die Entwicklungen hin zu einem nationalen Wissenschaftsportal (Kapitel 4), - die zahlreichen im Bibliotheks- und Informationswesen relevanten Normen, Standards, Richtlinien und Empfehlungen (Kapitel 5), - die von den Bibliotheken gebotenen - klassischen wie neuartigen - Dienstleistungen, insbesondere auch moderne (digitale) Formen von Informations- und Auskunftsdiensten (Kapitel 6), - Management (Marketing, Aufbau, Personal, Controlling, Werbung/PR) und insbesondere Bestandsmanagement (Kapitel 7), sowie - Ausbildungs- und Berufsfragen, von den Anfängen der Professionali-sierung im 19. Jahrhundert bis hin zu den die Spartentrennungen überwindenden modernen Studien- und Ausbildungsentwicklungen (Kapitel 8)."

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 55(2004) no.5, S.467-468 (W. Koehler): "Virtual Inequality is an important contribution to the digital divide debate. That debate takes two basic forms. One centers an the divide between the "information rich" developed countries and the "information poor" developing countries. The second is concerned with the rift between information "haves" and "have-nots" within countries. This book addresses the latter domain and is concerned with the digital divide in the United States. This book is the product of a cross-disciplinary collaboration. Mossberger and Tolbert are both members of the Kent State University political science department while Stansbury is an the Library and Information Science faculty. The book is extremely well documented. Perhaps the chapter an the democracy divide and e-government is the best done, reflecting the political science bent of two of the authors. E-government is very well covered. Unfortunately, e-commerce and e-education go virtually unmentioned. If e-government is important to defining the digital divide, then certainly e-commerce and e-education are as well. Mossberger, Tolbert, and Stansbury argue that the digital divide should be described as four different divides: the access divide, the skills divide, the economic opportunity divide, and the democratic divide. Each of these divides is developed in its own chapter. Each chapter draws well an the existing literature. The book is valuable if for no other reason than that it provides an excellent critique of the current state of the understanding of the digital divide in the United States. It is particularly good in its contrast of the approaches taken by the Clinton and George W. Bush administrations. Perhaps this is a function of the multidisciplinary strength of the book's authorship, for indeed it shows here. The access divide is defined along "connectivity" lines: who has access to digital technologies. The authors tonfirm the conventional wisdom that age and education are important predictors of in-home access, but they also argue that rate and ethnicity are also factors (pp. 32-33): Asian Americans have greatest access followed by whites, Latinos, and African Americans in that order. Most access the Internet from home or work, followed by friends' computers, libraries, and other access points. The skills divide is defined as technical competence and information literacy (p. 38). Variation was found along technical competence for age, education, affluence, rate, and ethnicity, but not gender (p. 47). The authors conclude that for the most part the skills divide mirrors the access divide (p. 55). While they found no gender difference, they did find a gender preference for skills acquisition: males prefer a more impersonal delivery ("online help and tutorials") while females prefer more personal instruction (p. 56).

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Date

22. 2.2008 14:21:53