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  1. Totemeyer, A.-J.: Speaking from a book : the transfer of de-recorded information to the information starved (1994) 0.05
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    Abstract
    Comments that printed media and related services in Africa have failed to promote a reading culture and illiteracy is on the increase, possibly as a result of wrong assumptions on the part of so called developers. A greater understanding of the potential of oral communication in the transfer of appropriate of information from books is needed. The mediator communicates or derecords, the information in books by orally translating those parts appropriate to a specific group, in their mother tongue. 1 year certificates and 2 year diplomas in appropriate community librarianship, should be instituted to train, preferably Africans, for this work
  2. MacNeil, H.: Subject access to archival fonds : balancing provenance and pertinence (1996) 0.05
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    Abstract
    Traditionally access to archival fonds has been achieved by means of the provenance method, an indirect approach to subject access. However, subject indexing, a direct approach to achieving subject access and based on the principle of pertinence, has found favour recently in the archival community with a stronger inclination to reconcile provenance and pertinence based approaches to subject access. Discusses the 2 stages of the indexing process looking firstly at archival issues and trends relevant to the conceptual analysis of an archival fonds and secondly at issues relevant to translating indexing concepts into the terms of a scontrolled vocabulary
  3. Vellucci, S.L.: Herding cats : options for organizing electronic resources (1996) 0.05
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    Abstract
    The rapid growth in the number of databases available via the Internet has brought about the development of a variety of methods for their organization and access. Librarians, scholars and computer engineers have each applied their own techniques to the process. Examines the strengths and weaknesses of organizational systems developed by each group and discusses the appropriateness of including remotely accessed electronic resources as part of library collections. Compares traditional methods of cataloguing with other methods, including: Text Encoding Initiative headers; browsing lists; and robot generated search indexes. For future metactalaogues to be successful, methods must be developed to use all existing organizational tools by layering, exchanging and translating data within a loosely coupled organizational system
  4. Noordermeer, T.: UseMARCON, a user controlled generic MARC converter (1998) 0.05
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    Abstract
    With 50 different MARC formats in use globally and 10 employed in European Union national libraries problems are created in the international supply of cataloguing data and the quality of records. UseMARCON is a cooperative project of Dutch, Portuguese, UK and German national libraries using software from Jouve Systems d'Information in France to produce a generic conversion program capable of translating bibliographic records in any ISO2709 format into any other ISO2709 format using UNIMARC as a switching format. Outlines what is required in the process of conversion; describes the functionality of the software; and lists the MARC formats with which UseMARCON can operate. The project was finished in 1997
  5. Stern, B.: Internationalizing the rules in AACR2 : adopting and translating AACR2 for use in non-Anglo-American and non-English-speaking cataloging environments (1996) 0.05
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  6. Hall, P.: Disorderly reasoning in information design (2009) 0.05
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    Abstract
    The importance of information visualization as a means of transforming data into visual, understandable form is now embraced across university campuses and research institutes world-wide. Yet, the role of designers in this field of activity is often overlooked by the dominant scientific and technological interests in data visualization, and a corporate culture reliant on off-the-shelf visualization tools. This article is an attempt to describe the value of design thinking in information visualization with reference to Horst Rittel's ([1988]) definition of disorderly reasoning, and to frame design as a critical act of translating between scientific, technical, and aesthetic interests.
  7. Schrodt, R.: Tiefen und Untiefen im wissenschaftlichen Sprachgebrauch (2008) 0.05
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    Content
    Vgl. auch: https://studylibde.com/doc/13053640/richard-schrodt. Vgl. auch: http%3A%2F%2Fwww.univie.ac.at%2FGermanistik%2Fschrodt%2Fvorlesung%2Fwissenschaftssprache.doc&usg=AOvVaw1lDLDR6NFf1W0-oC9mEUJf.
  8. Popper, K.R.: Three worlds : the Tanner lecture on human values. Deliverd at the University of Michigan, April 7, 1978 (1978) 0.05
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    Source
    https%3A%2F%2Ftannerlectures.utah.edu%2F_documents%2Fa-to-z%2Fp%2Fpopper80.pdf&usg=AOvVaw3f4QRTEH-OEBmoYr2J_c7H
  9. Cousins, S.A.: Enhancing subject access to OPACs : controlled vocabulary vs. natural language (1992) 0.05
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    Abstract
    Experimental evidence suggests that enhancing the subject content of OPAC records can improve retrieval performance. This is based on the use of natural language index terms derived from the table of contents and back-of-the-book index of documents. The research reported here investigates the alternative approach of translating these natural language terms into controlled vocabulary. Subject queries were collected by interview at the catalogue, and indexing of the queries demonstrated the impressive ability of PRECIS, and to a lesser extent LCSH, to represent users' information needs. DDC performed poorly in this respect. The assumption was made that an index language adequately specific to represent users' queries should be adequate to represent document contents. Searches were carried out on three test databases, and both natural language and PRECIS enhancement of MARC records increased the number of relevant documents found, with PRECIS showing the better performance. However, with weak stemming the advantage of PRECIS was lost. Consideration must also be given to the potential advantages of controlled vocabulary, over and above basic retrieval performance measures
  10. Park, K.S.; Kim, S.H.: Fuzzy cognitive maps considering time relationships (1995) 0.05
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    Abstract
    Casual knowledge is often cyclic and fuzzy, thus it is hard to represent in the form of trees. A fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) can represent casual knowledge as a sogned directed graph with feedback. Provides an intuitive framework in which to form decision problems as perceived by decision makers and to incorporate the knowledge of experts. Proposes a fuzzy time cognitive map (FTCM), which is a FCM introduced to a time relationship on arrows. Discusses the characteristics and basic assumptions of the FCM, and present a description of casual propagation in a FCM with the causalities of negative positive neutral interval [-1,1]. Develops a method of translating the FTCM, that has a different time lag, into the FTCM that has 1 or the same unit time lag, which is a value preserving translation. With the FTCM, illustrates analyzing the change of causalities among factors according to lapse of time
  11. Maniez, J.: Database merging and the compatibility of indexing languages (1997) 0.05
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    Abstract
    Compatibility is the paradise lost of information scientists, the dream of a universal communication between information languages. Paradoxically the information languages increase the difficulties of cooperation between the different information databases. This noxious side-effect has become flagrant for the latest decade since the shared cataloguing and the telecharging facilities have increased the exchanges. After defining the notion of information compatibility, the author shows that it meets the same care of semantic coherence as the information languages themselves. Then, relying on the lessons of linhuistics and automatic translating, he describes two types of viable solutions: the harmonization of several information languages (an uneasy and costly processing); and the automatic harmonization of the indexing formulas through prefabricated concordance tables, an easier solution which can however be hampered by structural discrepancies. Last he sketches a critical view of the concept of switching language
  12. Green, R.: Conceptual universals in knowledge organization and representation (2003) 0.05
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    Abstract
    Within the overall conference theme-integration of knowledge across boundaries-an important subtheme is universality: Where universals of knowledge organization and representation exist, knowledge integration is more likely. Thus, knowledge of conceptual universals should inform efforts at knowledge integration. In this paper, natural language is used as a model for exploring conceptual universals, since the phenomenon of translating between languages validates, but also circumscribes, the existence of semantic and lexical universals. The paper explores a representative inventory of semantic and lexical universals that should be accounted for in knowledge organization and representation systems, especially those that aim to be comprehensive.
  13. Taylor, M.; Dickmeiss, A.: Delivering MARC/XML records from the Library of Congress catalogue using the open protocols SRW/U and Z39.50 (2005) 0.05
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    Abstract
    The MARC standard for representing catalogue records and the Z39.50 standard for locating and retrieving them have facilitated interoperability in the library domain for more than a decade. With the increasing ubiquity of XML, these standards are being superseded by MARCXML and MarcXchange for record representation and SRW/U for searching and retrieval. Service providers moving from the older standards to the newer generally need to support both old and new forms during the transition period. YAZ Proxy uses a novel approach to provide SRW/MARCXML access to the Library of Congress catalogue, by translating requests into Z39.50 and querying the older system directly. As a fringe benefit, it also greatly accelerates Z39.50 access.
  14. Kwasnik, B.H.; Rubin, V.L.: Stretching conceptual structures in classifications across languages and cultures (2003) 0.05
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    Abstract
    The authors describe the difficulties of translating classifications from a source language and culture to another language and culture. To demonstrate these problems, kinship terms and concepts from native speakers of fourteen languages were collected and analyzed to find differences between their terms and structures and those used in English. Using the representations of kinship terms in the Library of Congress Classification (LCC) and the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) as examples, the authors identified the source of possible lack of mapping between the domain of kinship in the fourteen languages studied and the LCC and DDC. Finally, some preliminary suggestions for how to make translated classifications more linguistically and culturally hospitable are offered.
  15. Toivonen, J.; Pirkola, A.; Keskustalo, H.; Visala, K.; Järvelin, K.: Translating cross-lingual spelling variants using transformation rules (2005) 0.05
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  16. Coyle, K.: Simplicity in data models (2015) 0.05
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    Abstract
    Evolving from database models using punch cards, strict linear relational databases and predefined object-oriented data structures, the triple statements underlying Semantic Web technologies bypass many design constraints to offer endless flexibility. Overcoming structure is challenging, especially the relatively recent structure formalized in the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR). Though geared to easier access and interoperability and recognizing a multilevel bibliographic model, FRBR remains tied to translating entity-relation diagrams to data structures. Resource Description Framework (RDF) provides a more flexible way to express concepts, in which bibliographic models may be thought of as graphs of properties and relationships. But even RDF-based models can undermine that flexibility by mixing concept classes and data structures. The advantage of RDF classes is to provide semantics that enable a user to focus on similarities, not bound by contextual constraints.and success metrics.
  17. Vetere, G.; Lenzerini, M.: Models for semantic interoperability in service-oriented architectures (2005) 0.05
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    Content
    Vgl.: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5386707&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D5386707.
  18. Mas, S.; Marleau, Y.: Proposition of a faceted classification model to support corporate information organization and digital records management (2009) 0.04
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    Footnote
    Vgl.: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/login.jsp?reload=true&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel5%2F4755313%2F4755314%2F04755480.pdf%3Farnumber%3D4755480&authDecision=-203.
  19. Li, L.; Shang, Y.; Zhang, W.: Improvement of HITS-based algorithms on Web documents 0.04
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  20. Zeng, Q.; Yu, M.; Yu, W.; Xiong, J.; Shi, Y.; Jiang, M.: Faceted hierarchy : a new graph type to organize scientific concepts and a construction method (2019) 0.04
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