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Abstract

Die Suche nach Informationen in unstrukturierten natürlichsprachlichen Daten ist Gegenstand des sogenannten Text Mining. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Teilgebiet des Text Mining beleuchtet, nämlich die Extraktion domänenspezifischer Fachbegriffe aus Fachtexten der jeweiligen Domäne. Wofür überhaupt Terminologie-Extraktion? Die Antwort darauf ist einfach: der Schlüssel zum Verständnis vieler Fachgebiete liegt in der Kenntnis der zugehörigen Terminologie. Natürlich genügt es nicht, nur eine Liste der Fachtermini einer Domäne zu kennen, um diese zu durchdringen. Eine solche Liste ist aber eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die Erstellung von Fachwörterbüchern (man denke z.B. an Nachschlagewerke wie das klinische Wörterbuch "Pschyrembel"): zunächst muß geklärt werden, welche Begriffe in das Wörterbuch aufgenommen werden sollen, bevor man sich Gedanken um die genaue Definition der einzelnen Termini machen kann. Ein Fachwörterbuch sollte genau diejenigen Begriffe einer Domäne beinhalten, welche Gegenstand der Forschung in diesem Gebiet sind oder waren. Was liegt also näher, als entsprechende Fachliteratur zu betrachten und das darin enthaltene Wissen in Form von Fachtermini zu extrahieren? Darüberhinaus sind weitere Anwendungen der Terminologie-Extraktion denkbar, wie z.B. die automatische Beschlagwortung von Texten oder die Erstellung sogenannter Topic Maps, welche wichtige Begriffe zu einem Thema darstellt und in Beziehung setzt. Es muß also zunächst die Frage geklärt werden, was Terminologie eigentlich ist, vor allem aber werden verschiedene Methoden entwickelt, welche die Eigenschaften von Fachtermini ausnutzen, um diese aufzufinden. Die Verfahren werden aus den linguistischen und 'statistischen' Charakteristika von Fachbegriffen hergeleitet und auf geeignete Weise kombiniert.

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Abstract

Many terminology engineering processes involve the task of automatic terminology extraction: before the terminology of a given domain can be modelled, organised or standardised, important concepts (or terms) of this domain have to be identified and fed into terminological databases. These serve in further steps as a starting point for compiling dictionaries, thesauri or maybe even terminological ontologies for the domain. For the extraction of the initial concepts, extraction methods are needed that operate on specialised language texts. On the other hand, many machine learning or information retrieval applications require automatic indexing techniques. In Machine Learning applications concerned with the automatic clustering or classification of texts, often feature vectors are needed that describe the contents of a given text briefly but meaningfully. These feature vectors typically consist of a fairly small set of index terms together with weights indicating their importance. Short but meaningful descriptions of document contents as provided by good index terms are also useful to humans: some knowledge management applications (e.g. topic maps) use them as a set of basic concepts (topics). The author believes that the tasks of terminology extraction and automatic indexing have much in common and can thus benefit from the same set of basic algorithms. It is the goal of this paper to outline some methods that may be used in both contexts, but also to find the discriminating factors between the two tasks that call for the variation of parameters or application of different techniques. The discussion of these methods will be based on statistical, syntactical and especially morphological properties of (index) terms. The paper is concluded by the presentation of some qualitative and quantitative results comparing statistical and morphological methods.

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Date

1. 8.2008 9:44:22