Search (11 results, page 1 of 1)

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Footnote

In der Auswahl befinden sich fachwissenschaftliche Artikel (in der Regel Webquellen) neben Testberichten aus der Computerzeitschrift c't ebenso wie essayistische Annäherungen an das Thema aus Telepolis sowie studentische Abschlussarbeiten. Studie für Studie reiht Grotjahn die Ergebnisse seiner Analysen additiv aneinander. Unter Berücksichtigung des breiten Spektrums der ausgewählten Studien sowohl in Hinblick auf die Herangehensweise von journalistisch bis fachwissenschaftlich als auch des großen inhaltlichen Spektrums von naturwissenschaftlichen Themen bis hin zu historischen Fragestellungen erstaunt Grotjahns Beobachtung wenig, dass die einzelnen Studien kaum aufeinander aufbauen und ein starkes Auseinanderfallen zwischen sehr positiven und sehr negativen Einschätzungen zu verzeichnen ist. Die methodische Anregung bei der Analyse lexikographischer Qualität stärker die Nutzerwartungen mit einzubeziehen ist nahe liegend und sinnvoll und ganz im Mainstream der fachlexikographischen Forschung, die die Einbeziehung der Nutzererwartungen unter dem Begriff der Nutzerstruktur diskutiert. Eine Diskussion, die Grotjahn nicht rezipiert. Insgesamt handelt es sich bei dem Text um eine typische Abschlussarbeit, was soweit geht, dass typische stilistische Schwächen, die aus dem Bemühen die passivische Darstellungsweise konsequent im Text durchzuhalten, nicht vom Lektorat korrigiert wurden. "Dem von den Verfassern angeregten Wunsch, dies oder ähnliche Untersuchungsreihen an anderen Sprachversionen durchzuführen, kann sich dennoch angeschlossen werden." (S. 72). Trotz der genannten Schwächen liefert Grotjahn insgesamt einen nützlichen Überblick über die bisherigen Untersuchungen zur Qualität in der Wikipedia, der den Anforderungen an eine Magisterarbeit angemessen ist. Grotjahn leistet durch die systematische Lektüre wichtige Vorarbeiten für weitere Qualitätsmessungen an der Wikipedia und beleuchtet das weite thematische Spektrum. Seine Ausflüge in die journalistische Theoriebildung und die Medientheorie geben interessante Anregungen für zukünftige Studien. Die Arbeit hat es verdient, dass sie, z. B. über einen Hochschulschriftenserver wie Opus oder die originelle und gut zugängliche private Website des Autors (www.hoenn.net/), einer breiteren Öffentlichkeit jenseits der engen Hochschulöffentlichkeit zur Verfügung gestellt wird. In Hinblick auf die genannten Schwächen der Studie stellt sich allerdings für die Rezensentin wieder einmal die Frage, ob jede Diplom-, Bachelor-, Master-, oder Magisterarbeit tatsächlich als Buch erscheinen und für - in diesem Falle als Books-on-demand-Publikation - 49,- Euro verkauft werden muss, wo andere preisgünstigere Publikationsformen wohl eher geeignet wären, dem Text eine größere Verbreitung, gerade auch bei einer studentischen Zielgruppe, zu verschaffen."

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Footnote

Inhaltsbeschreibung Die verschiedenen Initiativen zum Open Access führen zu zwei Systemen, dem so genannten »grünen Weg«, der bereits in gedruckter Form veröffentlichte Publikationen ins Internet stellt, und dem »goldenen Weg«, bei dem die Volltextspeicherung die einzige oder jedenfalls die vorrangige Form darstellt. Die Internationalisierung des Open Access erfolgte auf drei Konferenzen, die 2001 in Budapest, 2003 in Bethesda und im gleichen Jahr in Berlin stattfanden. Diese Volltextspeicherung war ursprünglich auf die naturwissenschaftlich-technischen Disziplinen konzentriert. Doch treten in zunehmendem Maße auch die Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften dem Prinzip bei. Dabei entstehen natürlich sehr differenzierende Aspekte, zum Beispiel für die Bibliotheken - etwa der Erwerb gedruckter Zeitschriften, Langzeitarchivierung von Interneteintragungen, für den Buchhandel wie für die Autoren - etwa das Urheberrecht, aber auch dort das ökonomische Interesse, wie der Plan des Börsenvereins des Deutschen Buchhandels zu einer eigenen Volltextspeicherung zeigt, dem die Deutsche UNESCO-Kommission eine Ergänzung zum vorliegenden Text nachsandte. Open Access hat mittlerweile ein so weites Interesse gefunden, dass das Auswärtige Amt zusammen mit der Deutschen UNESCO-Kommission 2006 zu einer Konferenz einlud, über deren Ergebnisse die Deutsche UNESCO-Kommission dieses Handbuch veröffentlicht hat, das neben einer definitorischen und einer historischen Einleitung (Norbert Lossau S.18-22 und Peter Schirmbacher S. 22-25) in vier weiteren Kapiteln die Möglichkeiten und Probleme darstellt. Im zweiten Kapitel werden drei verschiedene Modelle vorgestellt: Open-Access-Repositories am Berliner Beispiel des edoc-Servers (Susanne Dobratz S. 28-32), Open-Access-Journale am Beispiel des New Journal of Physics (Eberhard Bodenschatz S.33-36) und ein Verlagsmodell (Springer Open Choice) von Jan Velterop (S. 37-40). Das dritte Kapitel ist den Formen der Realisierung gewidmet, z. B. der Finanzierung (Stefan Gradmann S.42-45), des Urheberrechts (Karl-Nikolaus Peifer S.46-59), der Qualitätssicherung (Eberhard Bodenschatz und Ulrich Pöschl S.50-55), der Langzeitarchivierung (Ute Schwens und Reinhard Altenhöner S. 50-58), der Struktur der Wissenschaftskommunikation (Hans Pfeiffenberger S.59-62), der Datenverarbeitung (Wolfram Horst-mann S. 65) sowie der Akzeptanz (Johannes Fournier S. 66-70).
Das vierte Kapitel mit dem Titel »Politische Perspektiven« (S. 72-110) ist das umfangreichste. Es behandelt die Rolle des Open Access in den Wissenschaften: den Naturwissenschaften (WolfgangVoges S.76-78), den Geisteswissenschaften (Gudrun Gerschmann S.78-79), den Sozialwissenschaften (Ulrich Herb S. 80-81) und der Wissenschaftsorganisationen, z.B. der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (Johannes Fournier S.82-83). Es folgt ein Abschnitt über die Bibliotheken von Claudia Lux (S.86-88), die Verlage z.B. der Hamburg University Press von Gabriele Beger und Isabella Meinecke (S.94-96), der allgemeinen Bildungspolitik mit Stellungnahmen der Kultusministerkonferenz, des Bundestages und der allgemeinen Wissenschaftstheorie, des Verbraucherschutzes und des öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunks. Das fünfte Kapitel berichtet über die internationalen Kontakte, in Europa, den USA, Indien. Den Abschluss bildet eine Beschreibung internationaler Initiativen wie dem World Summit on the Information Society, auf den sich 192 Mitgliedstaaten der UNO geeinigt haben, der OECD, der IFLA, der UNESCO und der 1998 gegründeten Scholary Publishing and Academic Ressources Coalition (SPARC). Würdigung Die Kürze der einzelnen Beiträge zeigt bereits, dass sich das Buch an einen größeren Leserkreis wendet, der mit den Möglichkeiten und Problemen einer Online-Volltextspeicherung noch nicht recht vertraut ist. Doch ist auch unübersehbar, dass Bibliothekare sehr intensiv mit diesen Möglichkeiten befasst sind. Von den rund 40 Mitarbeitern der einzelnen Beträge sind allein zehn Bibliothekare. Das mag auf den ersten Blick überraschen. Doch sollte nicht übersehen werden, dass ein Ausgangspunkt in dem Engagement der Volltextspeicherung im deutschen Bibliothekswesen in der Lückenschließung der Verluste durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg zum Beispiel durch Mikrofilm-Editionen liegt. Hieraus entwickelten sich neue Möglichkeiten der bibliothekarischen Arbeit, wie es etwa das Karlsruher Institut zeigt. Damit reicht das Thema auch in Deutschland weit zurück. Doch wurden in dem vorliegenden Werk die neuesten Möglichkeiten einer Zusammenarbeit mit professionellen Datenbanken wie etwa Google oder Amazon nicht speziell behandelt. So wird wohl in Kürze eine fortführende Darstellung der Entwicklung wünschenswert sein."

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Content

Inhalt: The research study - Mental models - Stimulated recall methodology - Mental models emphasizing procedural and product goals - Mental models facilitating procedural and conceptual understanding - The role of stimulated recall in identifying the effects of mental models on teaching - Use of mental models to analyze and understand teachers' pedagogies

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.3, S.456-457 (D. Cook): "In February 2006, the Educational Testing Service (ETS) announced the release of its brand new core academic assessment of its Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Literacy Assessment. The core assessment is designed to assess the information literacy of high school students transitioning to higher education. Many of us already know ETS for some of its other assessment tools like the SAT and GRE. But ETS's latest test comes on the heels of its 2005 release of an advanced level of its ICT Literacy Assessment for college students progressing to their junior and senior year of undergraduate studies. Neither test, ETS insists, is designed to be an entrance examination. Rather, they are packaged and promoted as diagnostic assessments. We are in the grips of the Information Age where information literacy is a prized skill. Knowledge is power. However, information literacy is not merely creating flawless documents or slick PowerPoint presentations on a home PC. It is more than being able to send photos and text messages via cell phone. Instead, information literacy is gauged by one's ability to skillfully seek, access, and retrieve valid information from credible and reliable sources and using that information appropriately. It involves strong online search strategies and advanced critical thinking skills. And, although it is not clear whether they seized the opportunity or inherited it by default, librarians are in the vanguard of teaching information literacy to the next generation of would-be power brokers.
The release of Stimulated Recall and Mental Models, therefore, could not have been timelier. It describes an empirical qualitative, case study research conducted by authors Lyn Henderson and Julie Tallman in which they studied the mental models of school librarians teaching K-12 students how to use electronic databases. In this research, funded by the Spencer Foundation, Henderson and Tallman studied and analyzed the mental models of their subjects, six American and four Australian school librarians, as they went about the task of teaching students one-on-one how to access and retrieve the information they needed for class assignments from electronic databases. Each librarian and student underwent a structured pre-lesson interview to ascertain their mental models (the sum of their prior learning and experiences) regarding the upcoming lesson. The lesson followed immediately and was carefully video- and audio-recorded, with the full knowledge of the librarian and her student. After the lessons, both student and librarian were interviewed with the intent of learning what each were thinking and feeling at specific points during the lesson, using the recordings as memory joggers. After the first librarian-pupil session, the student was freed but the librarian was re-studied tutoring a second learner. Again, the teacher and new student were preinterviewed, their lesson was recorded, and they were debriefed using the recordings for stimulated recall. It is important to note here the use of the recordings to create stimulated recall. Though considered a dubious practice by many respected researchers, Henderson and Tallman expend considerable time and effort in this book trying to establish the credibility of stimulated recall as a valid research tool. I find it interesting that the authors report that their realization of the value of stimulated recall was a collateral benefit of their study; they claim the original objective of their research was to analyze and compare the pre- and post-lesson mental models of the teacher-librarians (p.15). Apparently, this realization provided the inspiration for this book (pp. I & 208). Hence, its place of importance in the book's title.
This book is evidence that Henderson and Tallman were meticulous in following their established protocols and especially in their record keeping while conducting their research. There are, however, a few issues in the study's framework and methodology that are worth noting. First, although the research was conducted in two different countries - the United Slates and Australia - it is not clear from the writing if the librarian-pupil pairs of each country hailed from the same schools (making the population opportunistic) or if the sampling was indeed more randomly selected. Readers do know, though, that the librarians were free to select the students they tutored from within their respective schools. Thus, there appears to he no randomness. Second, "[t]he data collection tools and questionnaires were grounded in a [single] pilot study with a [single] teacher-Iibrarian" (p. 7). Neither the procedures used nor the data collected from the pilot study are presented to establish its reliability and validity. Therefore, readers are left with only limited confidence in the study's instrumentation. Further, it is obvious from the reading, and admitted by the researchers, that the recording equipment in open view of the study's subjects skewed the data. That is, one of the librarians tinder study confessed that were it not for the cameras, she would have completely deserted one of her lessons when encountering what she perceived to be overwhelming obstacles: a classic example of the Hawthorne Effect in research. Yet. despite these issues, researchers Henderson and Tallman make a respectable ease in this book for the validity of both mental models and stimulated recall. The mental models developed during the prelesson interviews seem remarkably accurate when observing the school librarians during the lessons. Additionally, while the librarians were able to adapt their lessons based on situations, they generally did so within their mental models of what constitutes good teachers and good teaching.
As for the value of reflecting on their teaching performance, the authors report the not-so-startling denouement that while it is easy to identify and define malpractice and to commit to changing performance errors, it is often difficult to actually implement those improvements. Essentially, what is first learned is best learned and what is most used is best used. In the end, however, the authors rightfully call for further study to be conducted by themselves and others. ETS's core ICT Literacy Assessment is not currently a mandatory college entrance examination. Neither is the advanced ICT Literacy Assessment a mandatory examination for promotion to upper level undergraduate studies. But it would be naïve not to expect some enterprising institutions of higher education to at least consider making them so in the very near future. Consequently, librarians of all stripes (public. academic, school, or others) would do well to read and study Stimulated Recall and Mental Models if they are truly committed to leading the charge on advancing information literacy in the Information Age. In this book are some valuable how-tos for instructing patrons on searching electronic databases. And some of those same principles could be applicable to other areas of information literacy instruction."

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LCSH

Librarians / Effect of technological innovations on

Subject

Librarians / Effect of technological innovations on

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Date

22. 3.2008 14:24:08

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Abstract

With this title, readers learn to push the search engine to its limits and extract the best content from Google, without having to learn complicated code. "Google Power" takes Google users under the hood, and teaches them a wide range of advanced web search techniques, through practical examples. Its content is organised by topic, so reader learns how to conduct in-depth searches on the most popular search topics, from health to government listings to people.

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Abstract

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, ECDL 2005, held in Vienna, Austria in September 2005. The 41 revised full papers presented together with 2 panel papers and 30 revised poster papers were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 162 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on digital library models and architectures, multimedia and hypermedia digital libraries, XML, building digital libraries, user studies, digital preservation, metadata, digital libraries and e-learning, text classification in digital libraries, searching, and text digital libraries.

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Date

22. 3.2008 18:05:16

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Abstract

"The revolution will be Twittered!" declared journalist Andrew Sullivan after protests erupted in Iran. But as journalist and social commentator Evgeny Morozov argues in "The Net Delusion," the Internet is a tool that both revolutionaries and authoritarian governments can use. For all of the talk in the West about the power of the Internet to democratize societies, regimes in Iran and China are as stable and repressive as ever. Social media sites have been used there to entrench dictators and threaten dissidents, making it harder--not easier--to promote democracy. In this spirited book, journalist and social commentator Evgeny Morozov shows that by falling for the supposedly democratizing nature of the Internet, Western do-gooders may have missed how it also entrenches dictators, threatens dissidents, and makes it harder-not easier-to promote democracy. Buzzwords like "21st-century statecraft" sound good in PowerPoint presentations, but the reality is that "digital diplomacy" requires just as much oversight and consideration as any other kind of diplomacy. Marshalling a compelling set of case studies, " The Net Delusion" shows why the cyber-utopian stance that the Internet is inherently liberating is wrong, and how ambitious and seemingly noble initiatives like the promotion of "Internet freedom" are misguided and, on occasion, harmful.

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Content

Perspectives on the Tasks in which Information Behaviors Are Embedded (Barbara M. Wildemuth and Anthony Hughes) - Phenomenography (Louise Limberg) - Practice of Everyday Life (Paulette Rothbauer) - Principle of Least Effort (Donald O. Case) - Professions and Occupational Identities (Olof Sundin and Jenny Hedman) - Radical Change (Eliza T. Dresang) - Reader Response Theory (Catherine Sheldrick Ross) - Rounding and Dissonant Grounds (Paul Solomon) - Serious Leisure (Jenna Hartel) - Small-World Network Exploration (Lennart Björneborn) - Nan Lin's Theory of Social Capital (Catherine A. Johnson) - The Social Constructionist Viewpoint on Information Practices (Kimmo Tuominen, Sanna Talja, and Reijo Savolainen) - Social Positioning (Lisa M. Given) - The Socio-Cognitive Theory of Users Situated in Specific Contexts and Domains (Birger Hjoerland) - Strength of Weak Ties (Christopher M. Dixon) - Symbolic Violence (Steven Joyce) - Taylor's Information Use Environments (Ruth A. Palmquist) - Taylor's Question-Negotiation (Phillip M. Edwards) - Transtheoretical Model of the Health Behavior Change (C. Nadine Wathen and Roma M. Harris) - Value Sensitive Design (Batya Friedman and Nathan G. Freier) - Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development (Lynne (E. E) McKechnie) - Web Information Behaviors of Organizational Workers (Brian Detlor) - Willingness to Return (Tammara Combs Turner and Joan C. Durrance) - Women's Ways of Knowing (Heidi Julien) - Work Task Information-Seeking and Retrieval Processes (Preben Hansen) - World Wide Web Information Seeking (Don Turnbull)

Footnote

Weitere Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.2, S.303 (D.E. Agosto): "Due to the brevity of the entries, they serve more as introductions to a wide array of theories than as deep explorations of a select few. The individual entries are not as deep as those in more traditional reference volumes, such as The Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science (Drake, 2003) or The Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) (Cronin, 2005), but the overall coverage is much broader. This volume is probably most useful to doctoral students who are looking for theoretical frameworks for nascent research projects or to more veteran researchers interested in an introductory overview of information behavior research, as those already familiar with this subfield also will probably already be familiar with most of the theories presented here. Since different authors have penned each of the various entries, the writing styles vary somewhat, but on the whole, this is a readable, pithy volume that does an excellent job of encapsulating this important area of information research."