Search (7 results, page 1 of 1)

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Abstract

The scale of web site design has grown so that what was once comparable to decorating a room is now comparable to designing buildings or even cities. Designing sites so that people can find their way around is an ever-growing challenge as sites contain more and more information. In the past, Information Architecture for the World Wide Web has helped developers and designers establish consistent and usable structures for their sites and their information. This edition of the classic primer on web site design and navigation is updated with recent examples, new scenarios, and new information on best practices. Readers will learn how to present large volumes of information to visitors who need to find what they're looking for quickly. With topics that range from aesthetics to mechanics, this valuable book explains how to create interfaces that users can understand easily.

Date

22. 3.2008 16:18:27

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Abstract

The World Wide Web has enabled the creation of a global information space comprising linked documents. As the Web becomes ever more enmeshed with our daily lives, there is a growing desire for direct access to raw data not currently available on the Web or bound up in hypertext documents. Linked Data provides a publishing paradigm in which not only documents, but also data, can be a first class citizen of the Web, thereby enabling the extension of the Web with a global data space based on open standards - the Web of Data. In this Synthesis lecture we provide readers with a detailed technical introduction to Linked Data. We begin by outlining the basic principles of Linked Data, including coverage of relevant aspects of Web architecture. The remainder of the text is based around two main themes - the publication and consumption of Linked Data. Drawing on a practical Linked Data scenario, we provide guidance and best practices on: architectural approaches to publishing Linked Data; choosing URIs and vocabularies to identify and describe resources; deciding what data to return in a description of a resource on the Web; methods and frameworks for automated linking of data sets; and testing and debugging approaches for Linked Data deployments. We give an overview of existing Linked Data applications and then examine the architectures that are used to consume Linked Data from the Web, alongside existing tools and frameworks that enable these. Readers can expect to gain a rich technical understanding of Linked Data fundamentals, as the basis for application development, research or further study.

Series

Synthesis lectures on the semantic web: theory and technology ; 1

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.4, S.608-609 (K.D. Desouza): "Richard Rogers explores the distinctiveness of the World Wide Web as a politically contested space where information searchers may encounter multiple explanations of reality. Sources of information on the Web are in constant competition with each other for attention. The attention a source receives will determine its prominence, the ability to be a provider of leading information, and its inclusion in authoritative spaces. Rogers explores the politics behind evaluating sources that are collected and housed on authoritative spaces. Information politics on the Web can be looked at in terms of frontend or back-end politics. Front-end politics is concerned with whether sources on the Web pay attention to principles of inclusivity, fairness, and scope of representation in how information is presented, while back-end politics examines the logic behind how search engines or portals select and index information. Concerning front-end politics, Rogers questions the various versions of reality one can derive from examining information on the Web, especially when issues of information inclusivity and scope of representation are toiled with. In addition, Rogers is concerned with how back-end politics are being controlled by dominant forces of the market (i.e., the more an organization is willing to pay, the greater will be the site's visibility and prominence in authoritative spaces), regardless of whether the information presented on the site justifies such a placement. In the book, Rogers illustrates the issues involved in back-end and front-end politics (though heavily slanted on front-end politics) using vivid cases, all of which are derived from his own research. The main thrust is the exploration of how various "information instruments," defined as "a digital and analytical means of recording (capturing) and subsequently reading indications of states of defined information streams (p. 19)," help capture the politics of the Web. Rogers employs four specific instruments (Lay Decision Support System, Issue Barometer, Web Issue Index of Civil Society, and Election Issue Tracker), which are covered in detail in core chapters of the book (Chapter 2-Chapter 5). The book is comprised of six chapters, with Chapter 1 being the traditional introduction and Chapter 6 being a summary of the major concepts discussed.
Chapter 2 examines the politics of information retrieval in the context of collaborative filtering techniques. Rogers begins by discussing the underpinnings of modern search engine design by examining medieval practices of knowledge seeking, following up with a critique of the collaborative filtering techniques. Rogers's major contention is that collaborative filtering rids us of user idiosyncrasies as search query strings, preferences, and recommendations are shared among users and without much care for the differences among them, both in terms of their innate characteristics and also their search goals. To illustrate Rogers' critiques of collaborative filtering, he describes an information searching experiment that he conducted with students at University of Vienna and University of Amsterdam. Students were asked to search for information on Viagra. As one can imagine, depending on a number of issues, not the least of which is what sources did one extract information from, a student would find different accounts of reality about Viagra, everything from a medical drug to a black-market drug ideal for underground trade. Rogers described how information on the Web differed from official accounts for certain events. The information on the Web served as an alternative reality. Chapter 3 describes the Web as a dynamic debate-mapping tool, a political instrument. Rogers introduces the "Issue Barometer," an information instrument that measures the social pressure on a topic being debated by analyzing data available from the Web. Measures used by the Issue Barometer include temperature of the issue (cold to hot), activity level of the debate (mild to intense), and territorialization (one country to many countries). The Issues Barometer is applied to an illustrative case of the public debate surrounding food safety in the Netherlands in 2001. Chapter 4 introduces "The Web Issue Index," which provides an indication of leading societal issues discussed on the Web. The empirical research on the Web Issues Index was conducted on the Genoa G8 Summit in 1999 and the anti-globalization movement. Rogers focus here was to examine the changing nature of prominent issues over time, i.e., how issues gained and lost attention and traction over time.
In Chapter 5, the "Election Issue Tracker" is introduced. The Election Issue Tracker calculates currency that is defined as "frequency of mentions of the issue terms per newspaper and across newspapers" in the three major national newspapers. The Election Issue Tracker is used to study which issues resonate with the press and which do not. As one would expect, Rogers found that not all issues that are considered important or central to a political party resonate with the press. This book contains a wealth of information that can be accessed by both researcher and practitioner. Even more interesting is the fact that researchers from a wide assortment of disciplines, from political science to information science and even communication studies, will appreciate the research and insights put forth by Rogers. Concepts presented in each chapter are thoroughly described using a wide variety of cases. Albeit all the cases are of a European flavor, mainly Dutch, they are interesting and thought-provoking. I found the descriptions of Rogers various information instruments to be very interesting. Researchers can gain from an examination of these instruments as it points to an interesting method for studying activities and behaviors on the Internet. In addition, each chapter has adequate illustrations and the bibliography is comprehensive. This book will make for an ideal supplementary text for graduate courses in information science, communication and media studies, and even political science. Like all books, however, this book had its share of shortcomings. While I was able to appreciate the content of the book, and certainly commend Rogers for studying an issue of immense significance, I found the book to be very difficult to read and parse through. The book is laden with jargon, political statements, and even has several instances of deficient writing. The book also lacked a sense of structure, and this affected the presentation of Rogers' material. I would have also hoped to see some recommendations by Rogers in terms of how should researchers further the ideas he has put forth. Areas of future research, methods for studying future problems, and even insights on what the future might hold for information politics were not given enough attention in the book; in my opinion, this was a major shortcoming. Overall, I commend Rogers for putting forth a very informative book on the issues of information politics on the Web. Information politics, especially when delivered on the communication technologies such as the Web, is going to play a vital role in our societies for a long time to come. Debates will range from the politics of how information is searched for and displayed on the Web to how the Web is used to manipulate or politicize information to meet the agendas of various entities. Richard Rogers' book will be of the seminal and foundational readings on the topic for any curious minds that want to explore these issues."

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Abstract

Class-tested and coherent, this textbook teaches information retrieval, including web search, text classification, and text clustering from basic concepts. Ideas are explained using examples and figures, making it perfect for introductory courses in information retrieval for advanced undergraduates and graduate students. Slides and additional exercises are available for lecturers. - This book provides what Salton and Van Rijsbergen both failed to achieve. Even more important, unlike some other books in IR, the authors appear to care about making the theory as accessible as possible to the reader, on occasion including short primers to certain topics or choosing to explain difficult concepts using simplified approaches. Its coverage [is] excellent, the quality of writing high and I was surprised how much I learned from reading it. I think the online resources are impressive.

Content

Inhalt: Boolean retrieval - The term vocabulary & postings lists - Dictionaries and tolerant retrieval - Index construction - Index compression - Scoring, term weighting & the vector space model - Computing scores in a complete search system - Evaluation in information retrieval - Relevance feedback & query expansion - XML retrieval - Probabilistic information retrieval - Language models for information retrieval - Text classification & Naive Bayes - Vector space classification - Support vector machines & machine learning on documents - Flat clustering - Hierarchical clustering - Matrix decompositions & latent semantic indexing - Web search basics - Web crawling and indexes - Link analysis Vgl. die digitale Fassung unter: http://nlp.stanford.edu/IR-book/pdf/irbookprint.pdf.

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Abstract

Some web sites "work" and some don't. Good web site consultants know that you can't just jump in and start writing HTML, the same way you can't build a house by just pouring a foundation and putting up some walls. You need to know who will be using the site, and what they'll be using it for. You need some idea of what you'd like to draw their attention to during their visit. Overall, you need a strong, cohesive vision for the site that makes it both distinctive and usable. Information Architecture for the World Wide Web is about applying the principles of architecture and library science to web site design. Each web site is like a public building, available for tourists and regulars alike to breeze through at their leisure. The job of the architect is to set up the framework for the site to make it comfortable and inviting for people to visit, relax in, and perhaps even return to someday. Most books on web development concentrate either on the aesthetics or the mechanics of the site. This book is about the framework that holds the two together. With this book, you learn how to design web sites and intranets that support growth, management, and ease of use. Special attention is given to: * The process behind architecting a large, complex site * Web site hierarchy design and organization Information Architecture for the World Wide Web is for webmasters, designers, and anyone else involved in building a web site. It's for novice web designers who, from the start, want to avoid the traps that result in poorly designed sites. It's for experienced web designers who have already created sites but realize that something "is missing" from their sites and want to improve them. It's for programmers and administrators who are comfortable with HTML, CGI, and Java but want to understand how to organize their web pages into a cohesive site. The authors are two of the principals of Argus Associates, a web consulting firm. At Argus, they have created information architectures for web sites and intranets of some of the largest companies in the United States, including Chrysler Corporation, Barron's, and Dow Chemical.

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Footnote

Rez. in: Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis 58(2007) H.3, S.187 (W. Ratzek): "So ist das mit den Trends. Viele versuchen sich als Trendsetter - und scheitern. Andere suchen nur einen werbewirksamen Titel für eine Veranstaltung, wie das der Verleger Tim O'Reilly 2004 tat, und lösen damit einen Hype aus - wie das neudeutsch heißt. Aber so ganz zufällig war O'Reillys Wortschöpfung "Web 2.0" nicht. Nach dem Platzen der New-Economy-Blase sollten Fachleute auf einer Tagung diskutieren, wie es nun mit der Internetwirtschaft weiter gehen sollte. In nur kurzer Zeit entwickelte sich das "Web 2.0" zum Inbegriff einer neuen Bewegung, der nicht nur IT-Enthusiasten angehören. Denn das "join-in-Web" (das Mitmach-Web), wie das Web 2.0 auch bezeichnet wird, bietet auch IT-Ungeübten die Möglichkeit, im Netz-der-Netz mit eigenen Inhalten, also "user generated content", präsent zu sein. Den Schlüssel zum World Wide Web erhalten sie durch "Social Software". Selbstverständlich geht Tom Alby auch ausführlich auf die Schlüsselbegriffe ein, die sich um das Web 2.0 ranken. Dazu gehören die einer breiten Nutzerschicht bekannten Anwendungen wie Blogs, RSS oder Wikis, wie auch die weniger bekannte Technologien und Entwicklungskonzepte, wie Ajax (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML), Ruby/ Ruby on Rails. In zehn Kapiteln führt Tom Alby in Konzepte, Anwendungen und Geschäftsmodelle des Web 2.0 ein. Neben technischen Aspekten geht er auch auf die soziologischen und psychologischen Aspekte ein, wenn er beispielsweise fragt "Was motiviert die Benutzer, sich in Social SoftwarePlattformen einzubringen?" (S. 108) Die Antwort leuchtet ein: "Zunächst einmal ist da die Erwartung der Benutzer, etwas für das Gegebene zurückzubekommen: Wer sein Profil mit vielen Informationen bestückt, der hat auch eine Chance, dass das Profil von anderen angesehen und eventuell Kontakt aufgenommen wird. Wer bei Wikipedia sein Wissen einbringt, der weiß auf der anderen Seite, dass er von den Beiträgen anderer profitieren kann. Dies kann auch zu einem wirklichen Gemeinschaftsgefühl führen (...) Auch ein gewisser Stolz, Teil dieser Gemeinschaft zu sein, mag dazu gehören." (S. 108.f) Tom Albys "Web 2.0" zeichnet sich auch durch die vielen Anwendungsbeispielen aus. Ergänzt werden diese durch fünf Interviews mit Praktikern wie Johnny Haeusler von Spreeblick.de oder Vasco Sommer-Nunes und Florian Wilken von blog.de. Ein umfangreiches Glossar und ein umfangreiches Stichwortverzeichnis erleichtern die Handhabbarkeit. Getreu dem" Join-in-Web" gibt es auch ein Blog (http://web20_buch.alby.de/) zum Buch, um mit dem Autor in Kontakt zu treten. Ein weiteres Plus ist die leichte Lesbarkeit, die es auch dem Nicht-Informatiker ermöglicht, die technischen Zusammenhänge zu verstehen. Wer mehr über Folksonomy, Ruby on Rails, Ajax oder Long Tail wissen möchte, dem sei Tom Albys "Web 2.0" sehr empfohlen. Dem IT-Profi wird "Web 2.0" nicht sehr viel Neues bieten, aber für Agenturen, Designer, Webentwickler, Studierende, Bibliothekarlnnen bietet dieses engagiert geschriebene Buch viel Nützliches."

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Abstract

This text introduces the standardized knowledge representation languages for modeling ontologies operating at the core of the semantic web. It covers RDF schema, Web Ontology Language (OWL), rules, query languages, the OWL 2 revision, and the forthcoming Rule Interchange Format (RIF). A 2010 CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title ! The nine chapters of the book guide the reader through the major foundational languages for the semantic Web and highlight the formal semantics. ! the book has very interesting supporting material and exercises, is oriented to W3C standards, and provides the necessary foundations for the semantic Web. It will be easy to follow by the computer scientist who already has a basic background on semantic Web issues; it will also be helpful for both self-study and teaching purposes. I recommend this book primarily as a complementary textbook for a graduate or undergraduate course in a computer science or a Web science academic program. --Computing Reviews, February 2010 This book is unique in several respects. It contains an in-depth treatment of all the major foundational languages for the Semantic Web and provides a full treatment of the underlying formal semantics, which is central to the Semantic Web effort. It is also the very first textbook that addresses the forthcoming W3C recommended standards OWL 2 and RIF. Furthermore, the covered topics and underlying concepts are easily accessible for the reader due to a clear separation of syntax and semantics ! I am confident this book will be well received and play an important role in training a larger number of students who will seek to become proficient in this growing discipline.