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year_i:[1980 TO 1990}
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Vickery, B.C.: Systematic subject indexing (1985)
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- Abstract
- Brian C. Vickery, Director and Professor, School of Library, Archive and Information Studies, University College, London, is a prolific writer on classification and information retrieval. This paper was one of the earliest to present initial efforts by the Classification Research Group (q.v.). In it he clearly outlined the need for classification in subject indexing, which, at the time he wrote, was not a commonplace understanding. In fact, some indexing systems were made in the first place specifically to avoid general classification systems which were out of date in all fast-moving disciplines, especially in the "hard" sciences. Vickery picked up Julia Pettee's work (q.v.) an the concealed classification in subject headings (1947) and added to it, mainly adopting concepts from the work of S. R. Ranganathan (q.v.). He had already published a paper an notation in classification, pointing out connections between notation, words, and the concepts which they represent. He was especially concerned about the structure of notational symbols as such symbols represented relationships among subjects. Vickery also emphasized that index terms cover all aspects of a subject so that, in addition to having a basis in classification, the ideal index system should also have standardized nomenclature, as weIl as show evidence of a systematic classing of elementary terms. The necessary linkage between system and terms should be one of a number of methods, notably:
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Salton, G.: Automatic processing of foreign language documents (1985)
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- Abstract
- The attempt to computerize a process, such as indexing, abstracting, classifying, or retrieving information, begins with an analysis of the process into its intellectual and nonintellectual components. That part of the process which is amenable to computerization is mechanical or algorithmic. What is not is intellectual or creative and requires human intervention. Gerard Salton has been an innovator, experimenter, and promoter in the area of mechanized information systems since the early 1960s. He has been particularly ingenious at analyzing the process of information retrieval into its algorithmic components. He received a doctorate in applied mathematics from Harvard University before moving to the computer science department at Cornell, where he developed a prototype automatic retrieval system called SMART. Working with this system he and his students contributed for over a decade to our theoretical understanding of the retrieval process. On a more practical level, they have contributed design criteria for operating retrieval systems. The following selection presents one of the early descriptions of the SMART system; it is valuable as it shows the direction automatic retrieval methods were to take beyond simple word-matching techniques. These include various word normalization techniques to improve recall, for instance, the separation of words into stems and affixes; the correlation and clustering, using statistical association measures, of related terms; and the identification, using a concept thesaurus, of synonymous, broader, narrower, and sibling terms. They include, as weIl, techniques, both linguistic and statistical, to deal with the thorny problem of how to automatically extract from texts index terms that consist of more than one word. They include weighting techniques and various documentrequest matching algorithms. Significant among the latter are those which produce a retrieval output of citations ranked in relevante order. During the 1970s, Salton and his students went an to further refine these various techniques, particularly the weighting and statistical association measures. Many of their early innovations seem commonplace today. Some of their later techniques are still ahead of their time and await technological developments for implementation. The particular focus of the selection that follows is an the evaluation of a particular component of the SMART system, a multilingual thesaurus. By mapping English language expressions and their German equivalents to a common concept number, the thesaurus permitted the automatic processing of German language documents against English language queries and vice versa. The results of the evaluation, as it turned out, were somewhat inconclusive. However, this SMART experiment suggested in a bold and optimistic way how one might proceed to answer such complex questions as What is meant by retrieval language compatability? How it is to be achieved, and how evaluated?
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Symmetrie in Geistes- und Naturwissenschaft : Hauptvorträge und Diskussionen des Symmetrie Symposions an der Technischen Hochschule Darmstadt vom 13.-17.6.1986 im Rahmen des Symmetrieprojektes der Stadt Darmstadt (1988)
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- Content
- Enthält die Beiträge: ARNHEIM, R.: Stillstand in der Tätigkeit; MOTTE-HABER, H. de la: "Sie bildet regelnd jegliche Gestalt / und selbst im Großen ist es nicht Gewalt": Regelmaß und Einmaligkeit als ästhetische Prinzipien; PEITGEN. H.-O.: Symmetrie im Chaos: Selbstähnlichkeit in komplexen Systemen; HAKEN, H.: Die Rolle der Symmetrie in der Synergetik: spontane Entstehung von Strukturen in der Natur; THOM, R.: On the origin and stability of symmetries; GAZZANIGA, M.S.: Aspects of brain asymmetry; GOMBRICH, E.H.: Symmetrie, Wahrnehmung und künstlerische Gestaltung; OTTO, F.: Symmetrie zwischen Biologie und Architektur; HARGITTAI, I.: Real turned ideal through symmetry; VOGT, A.M.: Rotunde und Panorama: Steigerung der Symmetrie-Ansprüche seit Palladio; MICHEL, L.: Symmetry in physics; HOLENSTEIN, E.: Symmetrie und Symmetriebruch in der Sprache;
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Wilson, P.: Subjects and the sense of position (1985)
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- Footnote
- Original in: Wilson, P.: Two kinds of power: an essay on bibliograpical control. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press 1968. S.69-92.
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Fairthorne, R.A.: Temporal structure in bibliographic classification (1985)
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- Footnote
- Original in: Ottawa Conference on the Conceptual Basis of the Classification of Knowledge, Ottawa, 1971. Ed.: Jerzy A Wojceichowski. Pullach: Verlag Dokumentation 1974. S.404-412.
Authors
- Pejtersen, A.M. 9
- Borgman, C.L. 7
- Gödert, W. 6
- Fugmann, R. 5
- Satija, M.P. 5
- Dahlberg, I. 4
- Devadason, F.J. 4
- Fuhr, N. 4
- Markey, K. 4
- Mischo, W.H. 4
- Salton, G. 4
- Svenonius, E. 4
- Wormell, I. 4
- Austin, J. 3
- Bales, K. 3
- Cochrane, P.A. 3
- Craven, T.C. 3
- Ingwersen, P. 3
- Johansen, T. 3
- Kranz, J. 3
- Lancaster, F.W. 3
- Matthews, J.R. 3
- Pao, M.L. 3
- Pettee, J. 3
- Robertson, S.E. 3
- Rolland-Thomas, P. 3
- Saracevic, T. 3
- Stock, W.G. 3
- Veltman, K. 3
- Vickery, B.C. 3
- Walker, S. 3
- Williamson, N.J. 3
- Anderson, J.D. 2
- Austin, D. 2
- Bates, M.J. 2
- Belkin, N.J. 2
- Biswas, S.C. 2
- Borko, H. 2
- Brookes, B.C. 2
- Broxis, P.F. 2
- Chan, L.M. 2
- Chignell, M.H. 2
- Coates, E.J. 2
- Crawford, W. 2
- Davies, R. 2
- Duncan, E.B. 2
- Efthimiadis, E.N. 2
- Eisenberg, M. 2
- Fairthorne, R.A. 2
- Foskett, D.J. 2
- Frost, C.O. 2
- Grolier, E. de 2
- Hanson, T.A. 2
- Henriksen, T. 2
- Hermes, H.J. 2
- Hildreth, C.R. 2
- Kantor, P.B. 2
- Kashyap, M.M. 2
- Kaula, P.N. 2
- Kuhlen, R. 2
- Kumar, K. 2
- Larson, R.R. 2
- Lawrence, G.S. 2
- Maron, M.E. 2
- McKinin, E.J. 2
- Meder, N. 2
- Micco, M. 2
- Mili, H. 2
- Mitev, N.N. 2
- Petersen, T. 2
- Pietris, M.K.D. 2
- Piternick, A.B. 2
- Rada, R. 2
- Repo, A.J. 2
- Rijsbergen, C.J. van 2
- Rouse, W.B. 2
- Rowley, J.E. 2
- Schmidmaier, D. 2
- Schwarz, C. 2
- Shneiderman, B. 2
- Sievert, M.E. 2
- Smith, I. 2
- Smith, L.C. 2
- Studwell, W.E. 2
- Wahlin, E. 2
- Wellisch, H.H. 2
- Wersig, G. 2
- Wood, A.J. 2
- Aanonson, J. 1
- Abrera, J.B. 1
- Ahrenholz, G.M. 1
- Akeroyd, J. 1
- Alkula, R. 1
- Allen, J.F. 1
- Allen, L. 1
- Anderson, J.R. 1
- Anderson, M. 1
- Anderson, M.H. 1
- Angel, L. 1
- Arntz, H. 1
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Themes
- OPAC 70
- Formalerschließung 38
- Bibliographie 23
- Informationsdienstleistungen 23
- Retrievalstudien 20
- Benutzerstudien 19
- Klassifikationssysteme im Online-Retrieval 17
- Information 15
- Automatisches Indexieren 13
- Katalogfragen allgemein 13
- Schöne Literatur 13
- Ausbildung 12
- Hypertext 12
- Inhaltsanalyse 11
- Klassifikationstheorie: Elemente / Struktur 10
- Literaturübersicht 9
- Retrievalalgorithmen 9
- Verbale Doksprachen im Online-Retrieval 9
- Computerlinguistik 8
- Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus 8
- Register 8
- Indexierungsstudien 7
- Suchoberflächen 7
- Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme 6
- Informetrie 6
- Kataloganreicherung 6
- Preserved Context Index System (PRECIS) 6
- Regeln für den Schlagwortkatalog (RSWK) 6
- Volltextretrieval 6
- Elektronisches Publizieren 5
- Klassifikationssysteme 5
- Theorie verbaler Dokumentationssprachen 5
- Bibliographische Software 4
- Citation indexing 4
- Grundlagen u. Einführungen: Allgemeine Literatur 4
- International bedeutende Universalklassifikationen 4
- Suchtaktik 4
- Verbale Doksprachen für präkombinierte Einträge 4
- Begriffstheorie 3
- Beziehungen verbale / systematische Erschließung 3
- Datenformate 3
- Geschichte der Kataloge 3
- Geschichte der Sacherschließung 3
- Normdateien 3
- Referieren 3
- Thesauri 3
- Automatisches Klassifizieren 2
- Biographische Darstellungen 2
- Information Resources Management 2
- Informationsmittel 2
- Linguistik 2
- Multilinguale Probleme 2
- Regelwerke 2
- Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval 2
- Universale Facettenklassifikationen 2
- Wissensrepräsentation 2
- Altes Buch 1
- Aufstellungssysteme Öffentlicher Bibliotheken 1
- Bestandsaufstellung 1
- Computer Based Training 1
- Datenfernübertragung 1
- Notationen / Signaturen 1
- Vision 1
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Subjects
- Catalogs, On / line 2
- Indexing 2
- Information retrieval 2
- Information retrieval / Use of / On-line computers 2
- Libraries / Automation 2
- Libraries / On / line catalogues 2
- On / line bibliographic searching 2
- Online bibliographic searching 2
- Online library catalogs 2
- Algorithmus / Informatik 1
- Bibliographic on / line information retrieval services 1
- Bibliothekskatalog (BVB) 1
- Computational complexity 1
- Deutschland / Bibliothek / Schlagwortgebung / Regeln (ÖVK) 1
- Deutschland <Bundesrepublik> / Öffentliche Bibliothek / Regeln für den Schlagwortkatalog 1
- Electronic publishing 1
- Gödelscher Unvollständigkeitssatz 1
- Information Retrieval / Terminologische Kontrolle 1
- Information retrieval / Applications of computer systems 1
- Information storage and retrieval systems 1
- Information und Dokumentation / Systemgrundlage (BVB) 1
- Ingenieurwissenschaften (BVB) 1
- Klassifikation / Bibliothek 1
- LISP (Computer program language) 1
- Libraries / United States / Automation 1
- Library catalogs / Use studies 1
- Library catalogs and users 1
- Library surveys / United States 1
- Linguistics 1
- London / British Library / Geschichte 1836-1879 1
- Machine theory 1
- Metamathematik / LISP 1
- Microcomputer systems / Databases / Design 1
- On / line information retrieval / Techniques / Theories 1
- Online bibliographic searching / Problems, exercises, etc 1
- Online library catalogs / Subject access / Problems, exercises, etc 1
- Online library catalogs / Use studies 1
- Online-Katalog 1
- Online-Katalog / Aufsatzsammlung 1
- Online-Katalog / Einführung 1
- Panizzi, Anthony 1
- Panizzi, Anthony, Sir, 1797 / 1879 1
- Public libraries / Germany (West) 1
- Publishing / Applications of computer systems 1
- Regeln für den Schlagwortkatalog / Öffentliche Bibliothek (SWB / BVB) 1
- Semantik / Syntax 1
- Software / Documentation 1
- Sprachbau / Semantik 1
- Subject cataloging 1
- Subject cataloging / Germany (West) 1
- Subject cataloging / Problems, exercises, etc 1
- Subject headings 1
- Subject headings, German 1
- Subject headings, Library of Congress / Problems, exercises, etc 1
- Symmetrie / Geisteswissenschaften / Kongress / Darmstadt <1986> 1
- Symmetrie / Kongress / Darmstadt <1986> 1
- Symmetrie / Kunst / Kongress / Darmstadt <1986> 1
- Symmetrie / Naturwissenschaften / Kongress / Darmstadt <1986> (BVB) 1
- Symmetry / Congresses 1
- Terminologiearbeit 1
- Thesaurus (BVB) 1
- USA / Online-Katalog / Benutzung 1
- Washington «DC» / Library of Congress / Online-Literaturrecherche / Schlagwortkatalog (BVB) 1
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Classifications
- AN 73400 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Datenverarbeitung / Einsatz in der Katalogisierung 3
- 025.4/9 / dc19 2
- 025.5'24 2
- Bib A 291 / On-line-Katalogisierung 2
- Z699.3 2
- 005 1
- 005.3 1
- 005.74 1
- 006.31 1
- 020'.92'4 1
- 025'.04 1
- 025.3 / dc19 1
- 025.3'13 1
- 025.3/028/54 / dc19 1
- 025.3/13 / dc19 1
- 025.3/132 / dc20 1
- 025.316 1
- 025.4'35 1
- 025.4/9 / dc20 1
- 06.42 Öffentliche Bibliotheken 1
- 06.70 Katalogisierung 1
- 070.5'028'5 1
- 17.03 / Theorie und Methoden der Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft 1
- 17.24 / Gruppensprachen / Fachsprachen / Sondersprachen 1
- 17.60 / Lexikographie 1
- 31.02 (Philosophie und Wissenschaftstheorie der Mathematik) 1
- 410 1
- 418/.02 20 / dc20 1
- 54.10 (Theoretische Informatik) 1
- AFC (W) 1
- AGM (DU) 1
- AN 50200 1
- AN 58030 1
- AN 58200 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Biographie, Geschichte / Biographien einzelner Bibliothekare (CSN des Dargestellten) 1
- AN 75400 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Bibliothekswesen / Sacherschließung in Bibliotheken / Schlagwortregeln, Schlagwortverzeichnis 1
- AN 93400 1
- Af 1
- Ah 1
- Al 1
- BCE 1
- BCEF 1
- BID 5 1
- BID 682 1
- Bib A 291 / OPAC 1
- Bib A 391 / Schlagwort 1
- Bib A 391 / Schlagwortkatalog 1
- Bib B 91 / Sacherschließung 1
- CC 3200 1
- CX 7500 1
- ET 400 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Einzelgebiete der Sprachwissenschaft, Sprachbeschreibung / Semantik und Lexikologie / Allgemeines 1
- ET 430 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Einzelgebiete der Sprachwissenschaft, Sprachbeschreibung / Semantik und Lexikologie / Synchrone Semantik / Allgemeines (Gesamtdarstellungen) 1
- ET 550 Allgemeine und vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Indogermanistik. Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen / Einzelgebiete der Sprachwissenschaft, Sprachbeschreibung / Semantik und Lexikologie / Lexikologie (diachrone und synchrone) / Terminologie, Fachsprachen, sonstige Spezialbereiche 1
- GN 9999 Germanistik. Niederlandistik. Skandinavistik / Deutsche Literatur / Moderne II: 1946 - 1990 / Literaturgeschichte / Einzelne Autoren / Sonstige 1
- JXS (W) 1
- JYS (E) 1
- LH 61340 1
- Mat T 1068 / Informationstheorie 1
- P121.C423 1
- P305.A75 1989 1
- Q172.5.S95 S917 1986 1
- QA267 1
- SK 130 1
- ST 271 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Datenbanken, Datenbanksysteme, Data base management, Informationssysteme / Einzelne Datenbanksprachen und Datenbanksysteme 1
- STP (DU) 1
- STS (FH K) 1
- STU (W) 1
- SWL (HA) 1
- Spr A 689 Fachsprache 1
- Spr B 689 Übersetzung 1
- TAY (PB) 1
- TBYH (SI) 1
- TGC (DU) 1
- TLR (DU) 1
- TVB (E) 1
- TVI (HA) 1
- UBG (DU) 1
- UBGA (E) 1
- UQ 1300 1
- WD 9240 1
- Z286.E43 1
- Z695.9.F84 1983 1
- Z695.C646 1986 1
- Z695.L25 1986 1
- Z695.Z5 1
- Z696.R26 1
- Z699 1
- Z699.3.C694 1987 1
- Z699.35.C38O55 1989 1
- Z699.U74 1983 1
- Z720.P2M5 1
- ZZV (W) 1
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