-
Falquet, G.; Guyot, J.; Nerima, L.: Languages and tools to specify hypertext views on databases (1999)
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- Abstract
- We present a declarative language for the construction of hypertext views on databases. The language is based on an object-oriented data model and a simple hypertext model with reference and inclusion links. A hypertext view specification consists in a collection of parameterized node schemes which specify how to construct node and links instances from the database contents. We show how this language can express different issues in hypertext view design. These include: the direct mapping of objects to nodes; the construction of complex nodes based on sets of objects; the representation of polymorphic sets of objects; and the representation of tree and graph structures. We have defined sublanguages corresponding to particular database models (relational, semantic, object-oriented) and implemented tools to generate Web views for these database models
- Date
- 21.10.2000 15:01:22
-
Hockett, C.F.: ¬The problem of universals in language (1963)
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- Pages
- S. 1-22
- Source
- Universals of language. Ed.: J.H. Greenberg
-
Taheri, S.M.; Shahrestani, Z.; Nezhad, M.H.Y.: Switching languages and the national content consortiums : an overview on the challenges of designing an Iranian model (2014)
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- Abstract
- The aim of this study, as a conceptual research, is to analyze the challenges of designing a switching language for the Iranian National Content Consortium (INCC) by an analytical-critical approach. The current situation of the semantic systems which have been being constructed and developed in Iran and the challenges of designing a switching language for the INCC are examined. To be approximation of mapping among the subjective terms of the Iranian semantic systems, such as thesauri, the list of subject headings, and classification schemes, the ambiguity of the native features of Islamic-Iranian information context, the lack of a general and comprehensive classification schema, the accessibility of content objects in other non-Persian languages, and like them, are the most important challenges for designing an Iranian model of the switching language for the INCC. The study is the first in its kind dealing with the challenges of designing a switching language in a practical approach that emphasize the information environment of the INCC.
- Source
- Knowledge organization in the 21st century: between historical patterns and future prospects. Proceedings of the Thirteenth International ISKO Conference 19-22 May 2014, Kraków, Poland. Ed.: Wieslaw Babik
-
Varela, C.A.; Agha, G.A.: What after Java? : From objects to actors (1998)
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- Abstract
- Discusses drawbacks of the Java programming language, and proposes some potential improvements for concurrent object-oriented software development. Java's passive object model does not provide an effective means for building distributed applications, critical for the future of Web-based next-generation information systems. Suggests improvements to Java's existing mechanisms for maintaining consistency across multiple threads, sending asynchronous messages and controlling resources. Drives the discussion with examples and suggestions from work on the Actor model of computation
- Date
- 1. 8.1996 22:08:06
-
Ridenour, L.: Boundary objects : measuring gaps and overlap between research areas (2016)
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- Abstract
- The aim of this paper is to develop methodology to determine conceptual overlap between research areas. It investigates patterns of terminology usage in scientific abstracts as boundary objects between research specialties. Research specialties were determined by high-level classifications assigned by Thomson Reuters in their Essential Science Indicators file, which provided a strictly hierarchical classification of journals into 22 categories. Results from the query "network theory" were downloaded from the Web of Science. From this file, two top-level groups, economics and social sciences, were selected and topically analyzed to provide a baseline of similarity on which to run an informetric analysis. The Places & Spaces Map of Science (Klavans and Boyack 2007) was used to determine the proximity of disciplines to one another in order to select the two disciplines use in the analysis. Groups analyzed share common theories and goals; however, groups used different language to describe their research. It was found that 61% of term words were shared between the two groups.
-
Srinivasan, R.; Boast, R.; Becvar, K.M.; Furner, J.: Blobgects : digital museum catalogs and diverse user communities (2009)
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- Abstract
- This article presents an exploratory study of Blobgects, an experimental interface for an online museum catalog that enables social tagging and blogging activity around a set of cultural heritage objects held by a preeminent museum of anthropology and archaeology. This study attempts to understand not just whether social tagging and commenting about these objects is useful but rather whose tags and voices matter in presenting different expert perspectives around digital museum objects. Based on an empirical comparison between two different user groups (Canadian Inuit high-school students and museum studies students in the United States), we found that merely adding the ability to tag and comment to the museum's catalog does not sufficiently allow users to learn about or engage with the objects represented by catalog entries. Rather, the specialist language of the catalog provides too little contextualization for users to enter into the sort of dialog that proponents of Web 2.0 technologies promise. Overall, we propose a more nuanced application of Web 2.0 technologies within museums - one which provides a contextual basis that gives users a starting point for engagement and permits users to make sense of objects in relation to their own needs, uses, and understandings.
- Date
- 22. 3.2009 18:52:32
-
Agarwal, M.L.; Sharma, S.G.: Classificatory language : an artificial / technical language (1994)
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- Abstract
- Discusses the unsuitability of natural language for use as a language in classification schemes and notes the advantages of technical and artificial languages. Considers the various aspects of classificatory language and its components such as significant digits, connecting symbols, canons and principles underlying its grammar
- Source
- Annals of library science and documentation. 41(1994) no.1, S.10-22
-
Kashyap, M.M.: Algorithms for analysis and representation of subject contents in a documentary language (1983)
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- Source
- Library herald. 22(1983), S.1-29
-
Evans, R.; Gazdar, G.: DATR: a language for lexical knowledge representation (1996)
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- Source
- Computational linguistics. 22(1996) no.2, S.167-216
-
Warner, A.J.: Natural language processing (1987)
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- Source
- Annual review of information science and technology. 22(1987), S.79-108
-
Haas, S.W.: Natural language processing : toward large-scale, robust systems (1996)
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- Abstract
- State of the art review of natural language processing updating an earlier review published in ARIST 22(1987). Discusses important developments that have allowed for significant advances in the field of natural language processing: materials and resources; knowledge based systems and statistical approaches; and a strong emphasis on evaluation. Reviews some natural language processing applications and common problems still awaiting solution. Considers closely related applications such as language generation and th egeneration phase of machine translation which face the same problems as natural language processing. Covers natural language methodologies for information retrieval only briefly
-
McMahon, J.G.; Smith, F.J.: Improved statistical language model performance with automatic generated word hierarchies (1996)
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- Source
- Computational linguistics. 22(1996) no.2, S.217-248
-
Cronin, B.: Vernacular and vehicular language (2009)
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- Date
- 22. 3.2009 11:44:11
-
Tomaiuolo, N.G.; Parker, J.: Maximizing relevant retrieval : keyword and natural language searching (1998)
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- Source
- Online. 22(1998) no.6, S.57-58
-
Zeng, Q.; Yu, M.; Yu, W.; Xiong, J.; Shi, Y.; Jiang, M.: Faceted hierarchy : a new graph type to organize scientific concepts and a construction method (2019)
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- Content
- Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Faclanthology.org%2FD19-5317.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0ZZFyq5wWTtNTvNkrvjlGA.
- Source
- Graph-Based Methods for Natural Language Processing - proceedings of the Thirteenth Workshop (TextGraphs-13): November 4, 2019, Hong Kong : EMNLP-IJCNLP 2019. Ed.: Dmitry Ustalov
-
Noever, D.; Ciolino, M.: ¬The Turing deception (2022)
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- Abstract
- This research revisits the classic Turing test and compares recent large language models such as ChatGPT for their abilities to reproduce human-level comprehension and compelling text generation. Two task challenges- summary and question answering- prompt ChatGPT to produce original content (98-99%) from a single text entry and sequential questions initially posed by Turing in 1950. We score the original and generated content against the OpenAI GPT-2 Output Detector from 2019, and establish multiple cases where the generated content proves original and undetectable (98%). The question of a machine fooling a human judge recedes in this work relative to the question of "how would one prove it?" The original contribution of the work presents a metric and simple grammatical set for understanding the writing mechanics of chatbots in evaluating their readability and statistical clarity, engagement, delivery, overall quality, and plagiarism risks. While Turing's original prose scores at least 14% below the machine-generated output, whether an algorithm displays hints of Turing's true initial thoughts (the "Lovelace 2.0" test) remains unanswerable.
- Source
- https%3A%2F%2Farxiv.org%2Fabs%2F2212.06721&usg=AOvVaw3i_9pZm9y_dQWoHi6uv0EN
-
Morris, V.: Automated language identification of bibliographic resources (2020)
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- Abstract
- This article describes experiments in the use of machine learning techniques at the British Library to assign language codes to catalog records, in order to provide information about the language of content of the resources described. In the first phase of the project, language codes were assigned to 1.15 million records with 99.7% confidence. The automated language identification tools developed will be used to contribute to future enhancement of over 4 million legacy records.
- Date
- 2. 3.2020 19:04:22
-
Rabitti, F.; Savino, P.: Automatic image indexation to support content-based retrieval (1992)
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- Abstract
- The article presents a new approach for the automatic interpretation of the content of graphical and pictorial images and the creation of access structures based on this analysis. The automatic indexation of images is necessary to support the access to a database of images, giving conditions of the semantic image content. The key aspect of the image analysis process is on the composition of objects, in terms of other objects, taking into account different interpretations and different levels of recognition. The image analysis process can be applied to images belonging to specific domains, described in advance to the system. Image analysis is performed in two steps: in the first step, simple objects are recognized starting from basic graphical/pictorial elements; in the second step, complex objects are recognized (applying domain rules) as compositions of simpler objects and different interpretations are generated. The image query language allows the user to express conditions on the objects to be found in the images, on their relative positions, on their interpretation and degree of recognition. A comprehensive example, based on 2D graphical images, is discussed, and the implemented prototype is described.
-
Hotho, A.; Bloehdorn, S.: Data Mining 2004 : Text classification by boosting weak learners based on terms and concepts (2004)
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- Content
- Vgl.: http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CEAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.91.4940%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&ei=dOXrUMeIDYHDtQahsIGACg&usg=AFQjCNHFWVh6gNPvnOrOS9R3rkrXCNVD-A&sig2=5I2F5evRfMnsttSgFF9g7Q&bvm=bv.1357316858,d.Yms.
- Date
- 8. 1.2013 10:22:32
-
Dick, S.J.: Astronomy's Three Kingdom System : a comprehensive classification system of celestial objects (2019)
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- Abstract
- Although classification has been an important aspect of astronomy since stellar spectroscopy in the late nineteenth century, to date no comprehensive classification system has existed for all classes of objects in the universe. Here we present such a system, and lay out its foundational definitions and principles. The system consists of the "Three Kingdoms" of planets, stars and galaxies, eighteen families, and eighty-two classes of objects. Gravitation is the defining organizing principle for the families and classes, and the physical nature of the objects is the defining characteristic of the classes. The system should prove useful for both scientific and pedagogical purposes.
- Date
- 21.11.2019 18:46:22
