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Fugmann, R.: ¬The complementarity of natural and indexing languages (1982)
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- Source
- Universal classification II: subject analysis and ordering systems. Proc. of the 4th Int. Study Conf. on Classification research, Augsburg, 28.6.-2.7.1982. Ed.: I. Dahlberg
-
Fugmann, R.: Illusory goals in information science research (1992)
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- Abstract
- The human's expressing general concepts in uncontrolled natural language, his information need, and meaning recognition in and essence selection from texts are indeterminate processes and therefore defy any satisfactory formalization and programming. Where the equivalence or even superiority of algorithmic approaches to these golas has been claimed, the authors have worked under artificial, experimental conditions and/or have in their evaluation referred to those approaches that are far from exploiting the capabilities of intellectual content analysis, representation and query phrasing
- Source
- Classification research for knowledge representation and organization. Proc. 5th Int. Study Conf. on Classification Research, Toronto, Canada, 24.-28.6.1991. Ed. by N.J. Williamson u. M. Hudon
-
Fugmann, R.: Unusual possibilities in indexing and classification (1990)
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- Abstract
- Contemporary research in information science has concentrated on the development of methods for the algorithmic processing of natural language texts. Often, the equivalence of this approach to the intellectual technique of content analysis and indexing is claimed. It is, however, disregarded that contemporary intellectual techniques are far from exploiting their full capabilities. This is largely due to the omission of vocabulary categorisation. It is demonstrated how categorisation can drastically improve the quality of indexing and classification, and, hence, of retrieval
-
Fugmann, R.: Obstacles to progress in mechanized subject access and the necessity of a paradigm change (2000)
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- Abstract
- Contemporary information systems, both the private and the commercially available ones, have often been blamed for their low effectiveness in terms of precision and recall, especially when they have reached considerable size with respect to file volume and use frequency (see, for example, Belkin, 1980; Blair, 1996, p.19; Desai, 1997; Drabenstott, 1996; Knorz, 1998). Saracevic (1989), after having reviewed the contemporary design of online subject access, calls "for radically different design principles and implementation" (p. 107). Van Rijsbergen (1990) writes: "The keywords approach with statistical techniques has reached its theoretical limit and further attempts for improvement are considered a waste of time" (p. 111). Lancaster (1992) deplores that very little really significant literature an subject indexing has been published in the last thirty or so years. In her preface to the Proceedings of the Sixth International Study Conference an Classification Research in 1997, Mcllwaine (1997) writes, "many were surprised to find that the problems with which they wrestle today are not greatly different from those that have been occupying the minds of specialists in the field for over a generation, and probably a great deal longer" (p. v).
- Date
- 22. 9.1997 19:16:05
- Source
- Saving the time of the library user through subject access innovation: Papers in honor of Pauline Atherton Cochrane. Ed.: W.J. Wheeler
-
Fugmann, R.: ¬The complementarity of natural and controlled languages in indexing (1995)
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- Source
- Subject indexing: principles and practices in the 90's. Proceedings of the IFLA Satellite Meeting Held in Lisbon, Portugal, 17-18 August 1993, and sponsored by the IFLA Section on Classification and Indexing and the Instituto da Biblioteca Nacional e do Livro, Lisbon, Portugal. Ed.: R.P. Holley et al
-
Fugmann, R.; Winter, J.H.: Reverse retrieval : toward analogy inferences by mechanized classification (treatise 7 on retrieval system theory) (1979)
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- Source
- International classification. 6(1979), S.85-91
-
Fugmann, R.: Experiences with a faceted classification in organic chemistry using computers (1965)
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- Source
- Classification research: proceedings of the 2nd Int. Study Conf. ... Elsinore, Denmark. 14.-18.9.1964. Ed.: P. Atherton
-
Fugmann, R.: DIN 31623 oder die Problematik des genormten Indexierens (1979)
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- Source
- International classification. 6(1979), S.109-117
-
Fugmann, R.: ¬The glamour and the misery of the thesaurus approach : treatise 4 on information retrieval theory (1974)
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- Source
- International classification. 1(1974), S.76-86
-
Fugmann, R.; Isenberg, M.; Winter, J.H.: ¬Das Suchen nach verallgemeinerter Information : treatise 9 on retrieval system theory (1985)
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- Source
- International classification. 12(1985), S.7-10
-
Fugmann, R.: Toward a theory of information supply and indexing : treatise 6 on retrieval system theory (1976)
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- Source
- International classification. 3(1976), S.3-15
-
Fugmann, R.: Comments on: the UNISIST draft on indexing principles (1977)
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- Source
- International classification. 4(1977), S.32
-
Fugmann, R.; Denk, W.: Variations in the order-creating power of interactive retrieval systems : treatise 8 on retrieval system theory (1980)
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- Source
- International classification. 7(1980), S.73-78
-
Fugmann, R.: ¬The complementarity of natural and indexing languages (1982)
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- Source
- International classification. 9(1982), S.140-144
-
Fugmann, R.: ¬The complementarity of natural and indexing languages (1985)
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- Abstract
- The second Cranfield experiment (Cranfield II) in the mid-1960s challenged assumptions held by librarians for nearly a century, namely, that the objective of providing subject access was to bring together all materials an a given topic and that the achieving of this objective required vocabulary control in the form of an index language. The results of Cranfield II were replicated by other retrieval experiments quick to follow its lead and increasing support was given to the opinion that natural language information systems could perform at least as effectively, and certainly more economically, than those employing index languages. When the results of empirical research dramatically counter conventional wisdom, an obvious course is to question the validity of the research and, in the case of retrieval experiments, this eventually happened. Retrieval experiments were criticized for their artificiality, their unrepresentative sampies, and their problematic definitions-particularly the definition of relevance. In the minds of some, at least, the relative merits of natural languages vs. indexing languages continued to be an unresolved issue. As with many eitherlor options, a seemingly safe course to follow is to opt for "both," and indeed there seems to be an increasing amount of counsel advising a combination of natural language and index language search capabilities. One strong voice offering such counsel is that of Robert Fugmann, a chemist by training, a theoretician by predilection, and, currently, a practicing information scientist at Hoechst AG, Frankfurt/Main. This selection from his writings sheds light an the capabilities and limitations of both kinds of indexing. Its special significance lies in the fact that its arguments are based not an empirical but an rational grounds. Fugmann's major argument starts from the observation that in natural language there are essentially two different kinds of concepts: 1) individual concepts, repre sented by names of individual things (e.g., the name of the town Augsburg), and 2) general concepts represented by names of classes of things (e.g., pesticides). Individual concepts can be represented in language simply and succinctly, often by a single string of alphanumeric characters; general concepts, an the other hand, can be expressed in a multiplicity of ways. The word pesticides refers to the concept of pesticides, but also referring to this concept are numerous circumlocutions, such as "Substance X was effective against pests." Because natural language is capable of infinite variety, we cannot predict a priori the manifold ways a general concept, like pesticides, will be represented by any given author. It is this lack of predictability that limits natural language retrieval and causes poor precision and recall. Thus, the essential and defining characteristic of an index language ls that it is a tool for representational predictability.
- Footnote
- Original in: International classification 9(1982) no.3, S.140-144.
- Source
- Theory of subject analysis: a sourcebook. Ed.: L.M. Chan, et al
-
Fugmann, R.: ¬An interactive classaurus on the PC (1990)
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- Abstract
- Both classification systems and thesauri have their specific strengths and weaknesses. Through properly combining both approaches one can eliminate the latter and largely preserve the strenghts. 'Classauri' which originate in this well-known way are most effective if they are constructed and applied during computer-aided indexing. A special variety of classaurus is described which is characterized by the employment of simple bur highly effective conceptual and technical devices and by the renunciation of attempts to generate the wording of index entries algorithmically
- Source
- International classification. 17(1990) no.3/4, S.133-137
-
Fugmann, R.: On the practice of indexing and its theoretical foundations (1980)
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- Source
- International classification. 7(1980), S.13-20
-
Fugmann, R.: ¬The analytico-synthetic foundation for large indexing & information retrieval systems : dedicated to Prof. Dr. Werner Schultheis, the vigorous initiator of modern chem. documentation in Germany on the occasion of his 85th birthday (1983)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: International classification 12(1985) S.106 (L. Kalok)
-
Fugmann, R.: Book indexing : the classificatory approach (1994)
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- Abstract
- The contents of scientific and technical handbooks often needs fast, reliable and precise subject access, even if the searcher is not familiar with the terminology of the book and has not read it beforehand. This requires careful and expert subject indexing in a highly specific indexing vocabulary, as well as the presentation of the resulting index in a lucid, conceptually transparent manner in print and on disk. Index users, when looking up a general subject heading, often ignore the necessity of looking up the appertaining hierarchically subordinate, more specific subject headings, too. They are either not made aware of these subject headings or their use is felt to be too cumbersome. A classifies approach to computerized subject indexing is described which resembles Ranganathan's Classified Catalogue. Through a variety of peculiarities it leads the searcher rapidly and easily to all subject headings related to a primarily chosen one, and to the postings under all these headings
-
Fugmann, R.: Galileo and the inverse precision/recall relationship : medieval attitudes in modern information science (1994)
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- Abstract
- The tight adherence to dogmas, created and advocated by authorities and disseminated through hearsay, constitutes an impediment to the progress badly needed in view of the low effectiveness of the vast majority of our bibliographic information systems. The Italian mathematician and physicist Galileo has become famous not only for his discoveries but also for his being exposed to the rejective and even hostile attitude on the part of his contemporaries when he contradicted several dogmas prevailing at that time. This obstructive attitude can be traced throughout the centuries and manifests itself in the field of modern information science, too. An example is the allegedly necessary, inevitable precision/recall relationship, as most recently postulated again by Lancaster (1994). It is believed to be confirmed by emprical evidence, with other empirical evidence to the contrary being neglected. This case even constitutes an example of the suppression of truth in the interest of upholding a dogma
