-
Ranganathan, S.R.: Facet analysis: fundamental categories (1985)
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- Abstract
- Among the theorists in the field of subject analysis in the twentieth century, none has been more influential than S. R. Ranganathan (1892-1972) of India, a mathematician by training who turned to librarianship and made some of the most far-reaching contributions to the theory of librarianship in general and subject analysis in particular. Dissatisfied with both the Dewey Decimal Classification and the Universal Decimal Classification, Ranganathan set out to develop his own system. His Colon Classification was first published in 1933 and went through six editions; the seventh edition was in progress when Ranganathan died in 1972. In the course of developing the Colon Classification, Ranganathan formulated a body of classification theory which was published in numerous writings, of which the best known are Elements of Library Classification (1945; 3rd ed., 1962) and Prolegomena to Library Classification (1967). Among the principles Ranganathan established, the most powerful and influential are those relating to facet analysis. Ranganathan demonstrated that facet analysis (breaking down subjects into their component parts) and synthesis (recombining these parts to fit the documents) provide the most viable approach to representing the contents of documents. Although the idea and use of facets, though not always called by that name, have been present for a long time (for instance, in the Dewey Decimal Classification and Charles A. Cutter's Expansive Classification), Ranganathan was the person who systematized the ideas and established principles for them. For his Colon Classification, Ranganathan identified five fundamental categories: Personality (P), Material (M), Energy (E), Space (S) and Time (T) and the citation order PMEST based an the idea of decreasing concreteness.
The Colon Classification has not been widely adopted; however, the theory of facet analysis and synthesis Ranganathan developed has proved to be most influential. Although many theorists of subject analysis do not totally agree with his fundamental categories or citation order, Ranganathan's concept of facet analysis and synthesis has provided a viable method and a framework for approaching subject analysis and has become the foundation of subject analysis in the twentieth century. In this sense, his theory laid the groundwork for later investigations and inquiries into the nature of subject and classificatory categories and citation order. His influence is felt in all modern classification schemes and indexing systems. This is attested to by the citations to his ideas and works in numerous papers included in this collection and by the fact that other modern classification systems such as the Dewey Decimal Classification and the Bliss Bibliographic Classification have become increasingly faceted in recent editions. The following chapter from Elements of Library Classification represents one of Ranganathan's many expositions of facet analysis and fundamental categories. It is chosen because of its clarity of expression and comprehensibility (many readers find the majority of his writings difficult to understand).
- Footnote
- Original in: Ranganathan, S.R.: Elements of library classification. 3rd ed. Bombay: Asia Publishing House 1962. S.82-89
- Source
- Theory of subject analysis: a sourcebook. Ed.: L.M. Chan, et al
-
Ranganathan, S.R.: Classification and communication (2006)
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- Content
- Inhalt: Part I ---Classification and Its Evolution 11. First sense --Primitive use 12. Second sense---Common use 13. Third sense--- Library classification 14. Field of knowledge 15. Enumerative classification 16. Analytico-synthetic classification 17. Uses of analytico-synthetic classification 18. Depth -classification --Confession of a faith Part 2---Communication 21. Co-operative living 22. Communication and language 23. Commercial contact 24. Political understanding 25. Literary exchange 26. Spiritual communion 27. Cultural concord 28. Intellectual team -work Part 3---Classification and Its Future 31. Domains in communication 32. Domain of classification 33. Time-and Space-Facets 34. Preliminary schedules 35. Energy-Facet 36. Matter-Facet 37. Personality -Facet 38. Research and Organisation
-
Ranganathan, S.R.: Colon Classification : Basic classification (1963)
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-
Ranganathan, S.R.: Colon Classification : Pt.1: Rules of classification; Pt.2: Schedules of classification; Pt.3: Index to the schedules (1933)
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-
Ranganathan, S.R.: Elements of library classification (1959)
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- Abstract
- A medium-length book, based on lectures, aimed at classificationists, not cataloguers or classifiers. Ranganathan begins with his Five Laws and a definition of classification and its purposes. He gives a list of 108 subjects in "unhelpful alphabetical sequence" and shows how they can be grouped into subjects, and then how each each subject's terms can be organized in a helpful and useful way, thereby demonstrating and building up his basic canons, postulates, and principles of classification. All of that, roughly the first half of the book, will be of interest to anyone starting to make classification systems. It has all of what makes Ranganathan's work so delightful to read: his unending concern for the user, his deep thought, and his warmth, humour, and spirituality. The second half of the book, however, has what can make his work difficult: his unyielding belief that the Colon Classification is the only system worth using. The reader will not be very interested in repeatedly classifying books under various systems and then reversing the process to see how closely the call number matches the subject. However, the reader can take the ideas so clearly presented in the first half of the book and then veer off to build his or her own system, while remembering that if his classification laws are likened to Euclid's laws of geometry, there is no room for a Riemann or Lobachevksy in Ranganathan's strict world.
-
Ranganathan, S.R.: Colon Classification. Basic classification (1969)
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-
Bhattacharyya, G.; Ranganathan, S.R.: From knowledge classification to library classification (1978)
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- Source
- Conceptual basis of the classification of knowledge. Proc. of the Ottawa Conf. on the conceptual basis of knowledge, 1.-5.10.1971. Ed.: J.A. Wojciechowski
-
Ranganathan, S.R.: Classification and communication (1989)
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Ranganathan, S.R.: Philosophy of library classification (1989)
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Ranganathan, S.R.: Library classification as a discipline (1957)
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- Source
- Proceedings of the International Study Conference on Classification for Information Retrieval, held at Beatrice Webb House,Dorking, England, 13.-17.5.1957
-
Ranganathan, S.R.: Colon Classification: basic and depth version : Vol.1: Schedules for classification (1987)
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Ranganathan, S.R.: Colon Classification edition 7 : a preview (1969)
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Ranganathan, S.R.: ¬A descriptive account of the Colon Classification (1990)
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Ranganathan, S.R.: Colon Classification. Pt.1-4 (1952)
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Ranganathan, S.R.: Library classification : its added uses (1952)
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Ranganathan, S.R.: Library classification : relation between producer and consumer (1952)
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Ranganathan, S.R.: Self-perpetuating scheme of classification (1949)
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Ranganathan, S.R.: Classification research in India : 1957-1963 ; trend report (1964)
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Ranganathan, S.R.: Library classification on the march (1961)
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Ranganathan, S.R.: ¬The Colon Classification (1965)
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