-
Williamson, N.J.: Restructuring UDC : problems and possibilities (1992)
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- Abstract
- A proposal for a methodology for restructuring UDC using facet framework provided by the Bliss Bibliographic Classification. The restructuring would then lead to the development of a logically structured thesaurus
- Source
- Classification research for knowledge representation and organization. Proc. 5th Int. Study Conf. on Classification Research, Toronto, Canada, 24.-28.6.1991. Ed. by N.J. Williamson u. M. Hudon
-
Williamson, N.J.: Complementary and alternative medicine : its place in the reorganized medical sciences in the Universal Decimal Classification (2004)
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- Abstract
- An investigation into the requirements for the inclusion of alternative and complementary medicine in a universal classification scheme with special reference to a proposed revision of Class 61 Medical Sciences in the Universal Decimal Classification. Questions related to the content and location of the topic and its structure based on the principles set down in the Bliss Bibliographic Classification are addressed. A solution for UDC Class 61 is proposed.
-
Williamson, N.J.: Deriving a thesaurus from a restructured UDC (1996)
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- Abstract
- The derivation of a thesaurus from a new schedule for UDC class 61 Medical Sciences which has been restructured into a faceted classification system using the framework provided by the Bliss Bibliographic Classification. The resulting thesaurus is intended to serve as a tool for indexing and searching but will also be the index to the 61 class itself. The background for the research is briefly described. The sources and methods used to select the descriptors and define their relationships are discussed. Problems are identified and some solutions proposed
-
Williamson, N.J.: Standards and rules for subject access (1996)
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- Abstract
- Standardization of subject access to bibliographic information systems is an important factor in national and international networking, cooperation, and exchange of bibliographic data. Standards, guidelines, and rules are needed to ensure consistency and quality in the design, development and application of indexing languages to documents and their citations. This paper defines the terms "standards" and "guidelines" as they apply to subject analysis used in library catalogs and bibliographic databases. It identifies and discusses the most important national and international "standards" that influence subject access to bibliographic data. Included are the tools of subject cataloging which have become standards in their own right, as well as formally prepared and approved guidelines. Each "standard" or "guideline" is described in terms of its origins, characteristics, and control and its importance in the design of bibliographic retrieval systems. Emphasis is given to the importance of the relationship between alphabetic and systematic access.
- Footnote
- Beitrag eines Themenheftes "Cataloging and Classification Standards and Rules"
- Source
- Cataloging and classification quarterly. 21(1996) nos.3/4, S.155-176
-
Williamson, N.J.: Classification in the Millennium (1997)
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- Abstract
- Classification and classification schemes will have an important role to play in the future, particularly in the field of Internet and WWW resources. Discusses the issues involved with particular reference to the 6th International Study Conference on Classification Research, London, 16-18 June 1997
-
Williamson, N.J.: ¬The role of classification in online systems (1989)
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- Footnote
- Simultaneously published as Subject Control in Online Catalogs
- Source
- Cataloging and classification quarterly. 10(1989) nos.1/2, S.95-104
-
Williamson, N.J.: ¬The Library of Congress Classification and the computer: research in progress (1989)
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- Source
- International cataloguing and bibliographic control. 18(1989), S.8-12
-
Williamson, N.J.: ¬The role of classification in online systems (1989)
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- Source
- Subject control in online catalogs. Ed.: R.P. Holley
-
Williamson, N.J.: Education for positions in the subject control of information (1987)
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- Abstract
- Subject access to information is recognized as one of the most important features of information storage and retrieval systems. It is a feature which requires information professionals to have expertise in retrieval, subject cataloging, classification, indexing and system design. This essay examines the knowledge base needed for professional careers in the subject control of information. It identifies some of the problems involved in education and training graduates for working in this area and attempts to pose some solutions to these problems
- Source
- Cataloging and classification quarterly. 7(1987) no.4, S.57-67
-
Williamson, N.J.: Classification Issues: Report IFLA General Conference, Oslo, Norway, 2005 : Classification and Indexing Section (2005)
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- Content
- Darin auch Berichte über die deutschen Beiträge: "The third paper by Magda Heiner-Freiling, of the Deutsche Bibliothek and Patrice Landry of the Swiss National Library focuses on "The Use of the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) for the Organization of the National Bibliographies: Switzerland and Germany/Austria." It discusses the reasons that led to the use of DDC for this purpose, and deals with the difficulties of adopting a common approach using the Second Dewey Summary (100 divisions). It also describes the challenges for the three libraries of incorporating German requirements into the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie. Their concerns have been brought about by the introduction of national bibliographies to the web environment and the need to "undertake studies on how to bring electronic documents under bibliographic control." The issues were intensified by the need to arrange national bibliographies in a "userfriendly" way and to ensure efficient subject access to records. In addition there had been "a long-standing IFLA and UNESCO recommendation to arrange bibliography according to an international classification scheme." These events provided the background for the decision by the three libraries to work together to produce a common Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) arrangement for the national bibliographies of Austria, Germany and Switzerland. The position of each library is described. The Swiss National Library undertook a major reorganization of its operations and structures which included a study to select a classification scheme for its collection - a study which also looked at the national bibliography. For the Swiss national bibliography, this evaluation led to the replacement of an indexing system based on UDC with the Dewey Second Summary (100 Divisions) with modifications for Swiss history and geography. In 2004 Die Deutsche Bibliothek (DDB) decided "to use a new scheme based on DDC" for the new Deutsche Nationalbibliografie (DNB) and the Austrian national bibliography followed suit in the same year. These moves can be attributed to two factors. The first was the impending publication of a German translation of DDC. Secondly, since 1982 the three libraries had been using two different systems, a situation that placed constraints on the exchange of data for use by the bibliographies. There was growing international acceptance of DDC and the change to DDC would improve bibliographic services and facilitate cooperation with foreign national libraries.
Originally, it was decided that the Dewey Second Summary (100 Divisions) would be a suitable level of access for the bibliography and that the standard DDC organization should be used. In many cases there was a good match between DDC and the former subject categories, in all fields of science and in subjects where literary warrant was high However this was not suitable throughout. Among the areas cited as problems are some of the places where UDC and DDC differ (e.g. the 800s). With respect to music, a deeper level of division than the Dewey outline was needed (specifically in 782 and 784-788 sections on printed and recorded music). In 2002 and 2003 an analysis of the distribution of documents with the 100 Divisions was conducted. Documents were not spread evenly in all classes and while some classes could be merged, others could benefit for the use of more specific numbers. Also, there were discipline based problems, for example in the melding of all branches of engineering. As well, there was a lack of correspondence with modern disciplines such as engineering, electronics, mechanical engineering and environmental technology which had been separate subject categories prior to 2004. Another troublesome discipline was archaeology. Moreover the Second Summary level introduced in 2004 proved to be too broad and would not satisfy users' bibliographic needs. In some cases, in classes containing a variety of topics, subtopics were invisible (e.g. 790 Sports, games and entertainment). As a result, beginning in 2006 the DNB will use full DDC notations. However, the problem would not be insurmountable. The authors concluded that - the cooperation was an interesting are rewarding experience. Ultimately each national - library could adjust and adapt the classification for its own needs and the work done was a good basis for further developments Further, it strengthened support for the German version of DDC to be published in 2006."
-
Williamson, N.J.: Standards and standardization in subject analysis systems : current status and future directions (1995)
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- Source
- Subject indexing: principles and practices in the 90's. Proceedings of the IFLA Satellite Meeting Held in Lisbon, Portugal, 17-18 August 1993, and sponsored by the IFLA Section on Classification and Indexing and the Instituto da Biblioteca Nacional e do Livro, Lisbon, Portugal. Ed.: R.P. Holley et al
-
Williamson, N.J.: Classification issues in 2011 : report (2012)
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- Date
- 22. 1.2012 13:17:00
-
Williamson, N.J.: ¬An experiment in classification based on William Goffman's 'indirect method' of information retrieval (1981)
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- Source
- Cataloging and classification quarterly. 1(1981) no.1, S.3-21
-
Williamson, N.J.: Subject cataloguing and LCSH (1991)
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- Abstract
- Discusses subject headings, in particular. Library of Congress Subject Headings as a standard for subject representation of documents in library catalogues. Addresses: the characteristics of LCSH, its use in subject cataloguing and retrieval and its place in online catalogues. Considers the future of LCSH
- Source
- Standards for the international exchange of bibliographic information: papers presented at a course held at the School of Library, Archive and Information Studies, University College, London, 3-18 August 1990. Ed.: I.C. McIlwaine
-
Williamson, N.J.: ¬The importance of subject analysis in library and information science education (1997)
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- Abstract
- Discusses the nature and importance of subject analysis and subject authority control in the retrieval tools used in libraries and information centres. Included in the discussion are the requirements for effective subject retrieval from OPACs, bibliographic databases, full text systems and the Internet. Attempts to project the nature of subject analysis systems requirements into the future and to draw some conclusions about what new information professionals should be taught, and what skills they need to acquire for application in next century
-
Williamson, N.J.: ¬The Library of Congress Classification : problems and prospects in online retrieval (1986)
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-
Mcllwaine, I.C.; Williamson, N.J.: Medicine and the UDC : the process of restructuring (2008)
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- Content
- This project to reconstruct and update the UDC Medicine Class (61) is an experiment in the ongoing development and revision of the Universal Decimal Classification as a whole. As part of that process, in 1988 the UDC Management Board recommended the establishment of a limited life Taskforce on UDC System Development to advise on the future development of UDC. That Taskforce recommended that a study be carried out to determine the feasibility of converting the system into a fully faceted classification. It was decided that the best way to accomplish this would be to convert one class. Medicine (Class 61) was chosen for the experiment for two reasons. First, this class was a part of the system that most out of date and greatly in need of revision, and secondly, it presented an opportunity to test an approach to the subject matter which would be in be in keeping with modem methods of the study and practice of medicine. This project is a direct response to that recommendation. Phase 1 of the project is now complete and Phase 2 is underway. This paper describes Phase 1 and its findings. identifies problems still to be addressed and sets out the methodology for Phase 2.
-
McIlwaine, I.C.; Williamson, N.J.: International trends in subject analysis research (1999)
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- Abstract
- This paper describes a survey of subject analysis research over the ten year period 1988 to 1998. Data are drawn from the 'research environment' encompassing publications, conference papers, major bibliographic resources in the field of Library and Information Science and selective searches of the Internet. Findings reveal major and minor areas of research activity. Trends and developments are identified and conclusions drawn. Strengths and weaknesses in the approaches taken to subject analysis research are discussed and suggestions for improvements are made with a view to future research directions
-
Williamson, N.J.: Classification in online systems : research and the North American perspective (1985)
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-
Williamson, N.J.: Clare Beghtol : teacher, researcher, and theoretician (2010)
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- Abstract
- The trajectory of the scholarly oeuvre of classification theorist Clare Beghtol is described and evaluated in terms of its significance for the development of modern information systems and the extension of classification theory. Focusing on a distinguished body of research sometimes characterized as "outside the box," Beghtol's explorations of concepts of "aboutness," of faceted classification systems, and of a number of types of warrant, are examined. The article concludes with a consideration of more recent themes of "na¿ve" classification, ethical approaches to knowledge organization, and the nature of relationships in classificatory structure and meaning.
