-
Schultz Jr., W.N.; Braddy, L.: ¬A librarian-centered study of perceptions of subject terms and controlled vocabulary (2017)
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- Abstract
- Controlled vocabulary and subject headings in OPAC records have proven to be useful in improving search results. The authors used a survey to gather information about librarian opinions and professional use of controlled vocabulary. Data from a range of backgrounds and expertise were examined, including academic and public libraries, and technical services as well as public services professionals. Responses overall demonstrated positive opinions of the value of controlled vocabulary, including in reference interactions as well as during bibliographic instruction sessions. Results are also examined based upon factors such as age and type of librarian.
- Source
- Cataloging and classification quarterly. 55(2017) no.7/8, S.456-466
-
Toepfer, M.; Seifert, C.: Content-based quality estimation for automatic subject indexing of short texts under precision and recall constraints
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- Abstract
- Semantic annotations have to satisfy quality constraints to be useful for digital libraries, which is particularly challenging on large and diverse datasets. Confidence scores of multi-label classification methods typically refer only to the relevance of particular subjects, disregarding indicators of insufficient content representation at the document-level. Therefore, we propose a novel approach that detects documents rather than concepts where quality criteria are met. Our approach uses a deep, multi-layered regression architecture, which comprises a variety of content-based indicators. We evaluated multiple configurations using text collections from law and economics, where the available content is restricted to very short texts. Notably, we demonstrate that the proposed quality estimation technique can determine subsets of the previously unseen data where considerable gains in document-level recall can be achieved, while upholding precision at the same time. Hence, the approach effectively performs a filtering that ensures high data quality standards in operative information retrieval systems.
-
Wilkes, A.; Nelson, A.: Subject searching in two online catalogs : authority control vs. non authority control (1995)
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- Abstract
- Compares the results of subject searching in 2 online catalogue systems, one system with authority control, the other without. Transaction logs from Library A (no authority control) were analyzed to identify searching patterns of users; 885 searches were attempted, 351 (39,7%) by subject. 142 (40,6%) of these subject searches were unsuccessful. Identical searches were performed in a comparable library that has authority control, Library B. Terms identified in 'see' references at Library B were searched in Library A. 105 (73,9%) of the searches that appeared to fail would have retrievd at least one, and usually many, records if a link had been provided between the term chosen by the user and the term used by the system
- Source
- Cataloging and classification quarterly. 20(1995) no.4, S.57-79
-
Wien, C.: Sample sizes and composition : their effect on recall and precision in IR experiments with OPACs (2000)
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- Abstract
- This article discusses how samples of records for laboratory IR experiments on OPACs can be constructed so that results obtained from different experiments can be compared. The literature on laboratory IR experiments seems to indicate that the retrieval effectiveness (recall and precision) is affected by the way the samples of records for such experiments are generated. Especially the amount of records and the subject area coverage of the records seems to affect the retrieval effectiveness. This article contains suggestions for the construction of samples for laboratory IR experiments on OPACs and demonstrates that the retrieval effectiveness is affected by different sample size and composition.
- Source
- Cataloging and classification quarterly. 29(2000) no.4, S.73-86
-
Beall, J.; Kafadar, K.: Measuring typographical errors' impact on retrieval in bibliographic databases (2007)
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- Source
- Cataloging and classification quarterly. 44(2007) nos.3/4, S.197-211
-
Tibbo, H.R.: ¬The epic struggle : subject retrieval from large bibliographic databases (1994)
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- Abstract
- Discusses a retrieval study that focused on collection level archival records in the OCLC OLUC, made accessible through the EPIC online search system. Data were also collected from the local OPAC at North Carolina University at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH) in which UNC-CH produced OCLC records are loaded. The chief objective was to explore the retrieval environments in which a random sample of USMARC AMC records produced at UNC-CH were found: specifically to obtain a picture of the density of these databases in regard to each subject heading applied and, more generally, for each records. Key questions were: how many records would be retrieved for each subject heading attached to each of the records; and what was the nature of these subject headings vis a vis the numer of hits associated with them. Results show that large retrieval sets are a potential problem with national bibliographic utilities and that the local and national retrieval environments can vary greatly. The need for specifity in indexing is emphasized
-
Cleverdon, C.W.; Mills, J.: ¬The testing of index language devices (1997)
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- Source
- From classification to 'knowledge organization': Dorking revisited or 'past is prelude'. A collection of reprints to commemorate the firty year span between the Dorking Conference (First International Study Conference on Classification Research 1957) and the Sixth International Study Conference on Classification Research (London 1997). Ed.: A. Gilchrist
-
Hider, P.: ¬The search value added by professional indexing to a bibliographic database (2017)
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- Abstract
- Gross et al. (2015) have demonstrated that about a quarter of hits would typically be lost to keyword searchers if contemporary academic library catalogs dropped their controlled subject headings. This paper reports on an analysis of the loss levels that would result if a bibliographic database, namely the Australian Education Index (AEI), were missing the subject descriptors and identifiers assigned by its professional indexers, employing the methodology developed by Gross and Taylor (2005), and later by Gross et al. (2015). The results indicate that AEI users would lose a similar proportion of hits per query to that experienced by library catalog users: on average, 27% of the resources found by a sample of keyword queries on the AEI database would not have been found without the subject indexing, based on the Australian Thesaurus of Education Descriptors (ATED). The paper also discusses the methodological limitations of these studies, pointing out that real-life users might still find some of the resources missed by a particular query through follow-up searches, while additional resources might also be found through iterative searching on the subject vocabulary. The paper goes on to describe a new research design, based on a before - and - after experiment, which addresses some of these limitations. It is argued that this alternative design will provide a more realistic picture of the value that professionally assigned subject indexing and controlled subject vocabularies can add to literature searching of a more scholarly and thorough kind.
-
Hider, P.: ¬The search value added by professional indexing to a bibliographic database (2018)
0.01
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- Abstract
- Gross et al. (2015) have demonstrated that about a quarter of hits would typically be lost to keyword searchers if contemporary academic library catalogs dropped their controlled subject headings. This article reports on an investigation of the search value that subject descriptors and identifiers assigned by professional indexers add to a bibliographic database, namely the Australian Education Index (AEI). First, a similar methodology to that developed by Gross et al. (2015) was applied, with keyword searches representing a range of educational topics run on the AEI database with and without its subject indexing. The results indicated that AEI users would also lose, on average, about a quarter of hits per query. Second, an alternative research design was applied in which an experienced literature searcher was asked to find resources on a set of educational topics on an AEI database stripped of its subject indexing and then asked to search for additional resources on the same topics after the subject indexing had been reinserted. In this study, the proportion of additional resources that would have been lost had it not been for the subject indexing was again found to be about a quarter of the total resources found for each topic, on average.
-
Brown, M.E.: By any other name : accounting for failure in the naming of subject categories (1995)
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- Abstract
- Research shows that 65-80% of subject search terms fail to match the appropriate subject heading and one third to one half of subject searches result in no references being retrieved. Examines the subject search terms geberated by 82 school and college students in Princeton, NJ, evaluated the match between the named terms and the expected subject headings, proposes an explanation for match failures in relation to 3 invariant properties common to all search terms: concreteness, complexity, and syndeticity. Suggests that match failure is a consequence of developmental naming patterns and that these patterns can be overcome through the use of metacognitive naming skills
- Date
- 2.11.1996 13:08:22
-
Leininger, K.: Interindexer consistency in PsychINFO (2000)
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- Abstract
- Reports results of a study to examine interindexer consistency (the degree to which indexers, when assigning terms to a chosen record, will choose the same terms to reflect that record) in the PsycINFO database using 60 records that were inadvertently processed twice between 1996 and 1998. Five aspects of interindexer consistency were analysed. Two methods were used to calculate interindexer consistency: one posited by Hooper (1965) and the other by Rollin (1981). Aspects analysed were: checktag consistency (66.24% using Hooper's calculation and 77.17% using Rollin's); major-to-all term consistency (49.31% and 62.59% respectively); overall indexing consistency (49.02% and 63.32%); classification code consistency (44.17% and 45.00%); and major-to-major term consistency (43.24% and 56.09%). The average consistency across all categories was 50.4% using Hooper's method and 60.83% using Rollin's. Although comparison with previous studies is difficult due to methodological variations in the overall study of indexing consistency and the specific characteristics of the database, results generally support previous findings when trends and similar studies are analysed.
- Date
- 9. 2.1997 18:44:22
-
Sparck Jones, K.: Reflections on TREC (1997)
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- Source
- From classification to 'knowledge organization': Dorking revisited or 'past is prelude'. A collection of reprints to commemorate the firty year span between the Dorking Conference (First International Study Conference on Classification Research 1957) and the Sixth International Study Conference on Classification Research (London 1997). Ed.: A. Gilchrist
-
Hood, W.W.; Wilson, C.S.: ¬The scatter of documents over databases in different subject domains : how many databases are needed? (2001)
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- Abstract
- The distribution of bibliographic records in on-line bibliographic databases is examined using 14 different search topics. These topics were searched using the DIALOG database host, and using as many suitable databases as possible. The presence of duplicate records in the searches was taken into consideration in the analysis, and the problem with lexical ambiguity in at least one search topic is discussed. The study answers questions such as how many databases are needed in a multifile search for particular topics, and what coverage will be achieved using a certain number of databases. The distribution of the percentages of records retrieved over a number of databases for 13 of the 14 search topics roughly fell into three groups: (1) high concentration of records in one database with about 80% coverage in five to eight databases; (2) moderate concentration in one database with about 80% coverage in seven to 10 databases; and (3) low concentration in one database with about 80% coverage in 16 to 19 databases. The study does conform with earlier results, but shows that the number of databases needed for searches with varying complexities of search strategies, is much more topic dependent than previous studies would indicate.
-
Peritz, B.C.: On the informativeness of titles (1984)
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- Source
- International classification. 11(1984) no.2, S.87-89
-
Dalrymple, P.W.; Cox, R.: ¬An examination of the effects of non-Boolean enhancements to an information retrieval system (1992)
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- Abstract
- One of the problems in information retrieval (IR) research is that few of the non-Boolean features of experimental systems developed by IR researchers have been adopted in commercially available systems which can be evaluated using real users with actual information needs. Without the opportunity to examnine how these features perform with actual bibliographic files and how they affect users in their information-seeking tasks, our understanding of information retrieval remains limited, and system development fails to advance. The research describes here compared two CD-ROM MEDLINE systems for the Macintosh, one of which incorporates many of the features previously identified by research as central to sound and innovative IR design such as: elimination of the need for Boolean logical connectors, acceptance of a natural language query, and ranked output. The other is more traditional in its design. Two groups of search topics selected from the National Library of Medicine's test queries in clinical medicine were searched using both a natural language strategy and a strategy based on MeSH vocabulary. results were compared on the following variables: search input and processing times, set size, overlap between sets produced by the two systems, and evaluative judgements made by subject experts. The findings indicate the these systems differ on these dimensions, and greater variance occurs in the natural language searches
-
Hodges, P.R.: Keyword in title indexes : effectiveness of retrieval in computer searches (1983)
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- Abstract
- A study was done to test the effectiveness of retrieval using title word searching. It was based on actual search profiles used in the Mechanized Information Center at Ohio State University, in order ro replicate as closely as possible actual searching conditions. Fewer than 50% of the relevant titles were retrieved by keywords in titles. The low rate of retrieval can be attributes to three sources: titles themselves, user and information specialist ignorance of the subject vocabulary in use, and to general language problems. Across fields it was found that the social sciences had the best retrieval rate, with science having the next best, and arts and humanities the lowest. Ways to enhance and supplement keyword in title searching on the computer and in printed indexes are discussed.
- Date
- 14. 3.1996 13:22:21
-
Blair, D.C.: Full text retrieval : Evaluation and implications (1986)
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- Source
- International classification. 13(1986), S.18-23
-
Aldous, K.J.: ¬A system for the automatic retrieval of information from a specialist database (1996)
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- Abstract
- Accessing useful information from a complex database requires knowledge of the structure of the database and an understanding of the methods of information retrieval. A means of overcoming this knowledge barrier to the use of narrow domain databases is proposed in which the user is required to enter only a series of terms which identify the required material. Describes a method which classifies terms according to their meaning in the context of the database and which uses this classification to access and execute models of code stored in the database to effect retrieval. Presents an implementation of the method using a database of technical information on the nature and use of fungicides. Initial results of trials with potential users indicate that the system can produce relevant resposes to queries expressed in this style. Since the code modules are part of the database, extensions may be easily implemented to handle most queries which users are likely to pose
-
Dillon, M.: Enhanced bibliographic record retrieval experiments (1989)
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-
Belkin, N.J.: ¬An overview of results from Rutgers' investigations of interactive information retrieval (1998)
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- Abstract
- Over the last 4 years, the Information Interaction Laboratory at Rutgers' School of communication, Information and Library Studies has performed a series of investigations concerned with various aspects of people's interactions with advanced information retrieval (IR) systems. We have benn especially concerned with understanding not just what people do, and why, and with what effect, but also with what they would like to do, and how they attempt to accomplish it, and with what difficulties. These investigations have led to some quite interesting conclusions about the nature and structure of people's interactions with information, about support for cooperative human-computer interaction in query reformulation, and about the value of visualization of search results for supporting various forms of interaction with information. In this discussion, I give an overview of the research program and its projects, present representative results from the projects, and discuss some implications of these results for support of subject searching in information retrieval systems
- Date
- 22. 9.1997 19:16:05
- Source
- Visualizing subject access for 21st century information resources: Papers presented at the 1997 Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing, 2-4 Mar 1997, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Ed.: P.A. Cochrane et al
