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  1. Voorbij, H.: Title keywords and subject descriptors : a comparison of subject search entries of books in the humanities and social sciences (1998) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    In order to compare the value of subject descriptors and title keywords as entries to subject searches, two studies were carried out. Both studies concentrated on monographs in the humanities and social sciences, held by the online public access catalogue of the National Library of the Netherlands. In the first study, a comparison was made by subject librarians between the subject descriptors and the title keywords of 475 records. They could express their opinion on a scale from 1 (descriptor is exactly or almost the same as word in title) to 7 (descriptor does not appear in title at all). It was concluded that 37 per cent of the records are considerably enhanced by a subject descriptor, and 49 per cent slightly or considerably enhanced. In the second study, subject librarians performed subject searches using title keywords and subject descriptors on the same topic. The relative recall amounted to 48 per cent and 86 per cent respectively. Failure analysis revealed the reasons why so many records that were found by subject descriptors were not found by title keywords. First, although completely meaningless titles hardly ever appear, the title of a publication does not always offer sufficient clues for title keyword searching. In those cases, descriptors may enhance the record of a publication. A second and even more important task of subject descriptors is controlling the vocabulary. Many relevant titles cannot be retrieved by title keyword searching because of the wide diversity of ways of expressing a topic. Descriptors take away the burden of vocabulary control from the user.
  2. Voorbij, H.: ¬Een goede titel behoeft geen trefwoord, of toch wel? : een vergelijkend oderzoek titelwoorden - trefwoorden (1997) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    A recent survey at the Royal Library in the Netherlands showed that subject headings are more efficient than title keywords for retrieval purposes. 475 Dutch publications were selected at random and assigned subject headings. The study showed that subject headings provided additional useful information in 56% of titles. Subsequent searching of the library's online catalogue showed that 88% of titles were retrieved via subject headings against 57% through title keywords. Further precision may be achieved with the help of indexing staff, but at considerable cost
    Footnote
    Übers. d. Titels: A good title has no need of subject headings, or does it?: a comparative study of title keywords against subject headings
  3. Pirkola, A.; Jarvelin, K.: ¬The effect of anaphor and ellipsis resolution on proximity searching in a text database (1995) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    So far, methods for ellipsis and anaphor resolution have been developed and the effects of anaphor resolution have been analyzed in the context of statistical information retrieval of scientific abstracts. No significant improvements has been observed. Analyzes the effects of ellipsis and anaphor resolution on proximity searching in a full text database. Anaphora and ellipsis are classified on the basis of the type of their correlates / antecedents rather than, as traditional, on the basis of their own linguistic type. The classification differentiates proper names and common nouns of basic words, compound words, and phrases. The study was carried out in a newspaper article database containing 55.000 full text articles. A set of 154 keyword pairs in different categories was created. Human resolution of keyword ellipsis and anaphora was performed to identify sentences and paragraphs which would match proximity searches after resolution. Findings indicate that ellipsis and anaphor resolution is most relevant for proper name phrases and only marginal in the other keyword categories. Therefore the recall effect of restricted resolution of proper name phrases only was analyzed for keyword pairs containing at least 1 proper name phrase. Findings indicate a recall increase of 38.2% in sentence searches, and 28.8% in paragraph searches when proper name ellipsis were resolved. The recall increase was 17.6% sentence searches, and 19.8% in paragraph searches when proper name anaphora were resolved. Some simple and computationally justifiable resolution method might be developed only for proper name phrases to support keyword based full text information retrieval. Discusses elements of such a method
  4. Lancaster, F.W.; Connell, T.H.; Bishop, N.; McCowan, S.: Identifying barriers to effective subject access in library catalogs (1991) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    51 subject searches were performed in an online catalog containing about 4,5 million records. Their success was judges in terms of lists of items, known to be relevant to the various topics, compiled by subject specialists (faculty members or authors of articles in specialized encyclopedias). Many of the items known to be relevant were not retrieved, even in very broad searches that sometimes retrieved several hundred records, and very little could be done to make them retrievable within the constraints of present cataloging practice. Librarians should recognize that library catalogs, as now implemented, offer only the most primitive of subject access and should seek to develop different types of subject access tools. - Vgl auch Letter (B.H. Weinberg) in: LTRS 36(1992) S.123-124.
  5. King, D.W.: Blazing new trails : in celebration of an audacious career (2000) 0.00 
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    Date
    22. 9.1997 19:16:05
    Source
    Saving the time of the library user through subject access innovation: Papers in honor of Pauline Atherton Cochrane. Ed.: W.J. Wheeler
  6. Ribeiro, F.: Subject indexing and authority control in archives : the need for subject indexing in archives and for an indexing policy using controlled language (1996) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Describes an experiment carried out in the City Archives of Oporto, Portugal to test the relative value for information retrieval of controling or not controlling vocabulary in subject indexing. A comparison was made of the results obtained by searching 2 databases covering the same archival documents, one of them without any control in the indexing language and the other with authority control. Results indicate that the database where authority control in subject indexing was used showed better performance and efficiency in information retrieval than the database which used an uncontrolled subject indexing language. A significant complementarity between the databases was found, the addition of the retrievals of one database to those of the other adding considerable advantage. Posits the possibility of creating an archival authority list suitable for use in groups with identical characteristics, such as local archives of judicial groups. Such a list should include broader terms, representing subject classes, which will be subdivided into narrower terms, according to the particular needs of each archives or archival groups
  7. Kaizik, A.; Gödert, W.; Oßwald, A.: Evaluation von Subject Gateways des Internet (EJECT) : Projektbericht (2001) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Der Umfang und die Heterogenität des Informationsangebotes erfordert immer differenzierte Methoden und Hilfsmittel für das gezielte und möglichst ballastfreie Auffinden von Informationsquellen im Kontext eines bestimmten Fachgebietes oder einer wissenschaftlichen Disziplin. Um dieses Ziel zu errei-chen, wurden in der letzten Zeit eine Reihe sog. Subject Gateways entwickelt. Bislang liegen weder viele Untersuchungen zur Qualität derartiger Hilfsmittel vor noch ist eine differenzierte Methodik für solche Bewertungen entwickelt worden. Das Projekt Evaluation von Subject Gateways des Internet (EJECT) verfolgte daher die Ziele:· Durch Analyse bereits realisierter Subject Gateways die Verwendungsvielfalt des Begriffes aufzuzeigen und zu einer Präzisierung der Begriffsbildung beizutragen; Einen methodischen Weg zur qualitativen Bewertung von Subject Gateways aufzuzeigen;· Diesen Weg anhand einer Evaluation des Subject Gateways EULER zu testen, das im Rahmen eines EU-Projektes für das Fachgebiet Mathematik entwickelt wurde. Die Resultate der Evaluation werden in dieser Studie ausführlich vorgestellt und es wird aufgezeigt, inwieweit eine Übertragung auf die Bewertung anderer Gateways möglich ist.
  8. Wolfram, D.; Dimitroff, A.: Preliminary findings on searcher performance and perceptions of performance in a hypertext bibliographic retrieval system (1997) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Reports on research examining the relationship of searcher performance and perception of performance, particulary for hypertext-based onformation retrieval systems for bibliographic data. Employs a prototype hypertext bibliographic retrieval system called HyperLynx. Evaluates its use by 83 subjects at the School of Library and Information Science and the Golda Meir Library at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, USA. Measures of system usgae indicate that there is no significant relationship between confidence and the number of record pages visited, although confident searchers searched for shorter time periods. The reality check measures shows that both novice and experienced searchers were over confident in their performance
  9. Yerbury, H.; Parker, J.: Novice searchers' use of familiar structures in searching bibliographic information retrieval systems (1998) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Reports results of a study of the use of metaphors as problem solving mechanisms by novice searchers of bibliographic databases. Metaphors provide a framework or 'familiar structure' of credible associations within which relationships in other domains may be considered. 28 students taking an undergraduate course in information retrieval at Sydney University of Technology, were recorded as they 'talked through' a search on a bibliographic retrieval system. The transcripts were analyzed using conventional methods and the NUDIST software package for qualitative research. A range of metaphors was apparent from the language use by students in the search process. Those which predominated were: a journey; human interaction; a building or matching process; a problem solving process, and a search for a quantity. Many of the studentes experiencing the interaction as a problem solving process or a search for quantity perceived the outcomes as successful. Concludes that when memory for operating methods and procedures is incomplete an unconscious approach through the use of a conceptual system which is consonant with the task at hand may also lead to success in bibliographic searching
  10. Wolfram, D.; Dimitroff, A.: Hypertext vs. Boolean-based searching in a bibliographic database environment : a direct comparison of searcher performance (1998) 0.00 
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  11. Kilgour, F.G.: Retrieval on information from computerized book texts (1989) 0.00 
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  12. Voorbij, H.: Titelwoorden - trefwoorden : een vergelijkend onderzoek (1997) 0.00 
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    Footnote
    Übers. d. Titels: Title words - subject headings: a comparative research
  13. Drabenstott, K.M.; Vizine-Goetz, D.: Using subject headings for online retrieval : theory, practice and potential (1994) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Using subject headings for Online Retrieval is an indispensable tool for online system desingners who are developing new systems or refining exicting ones. The book describes subject analysis and subject searching in online catalogs, including the limitations of retrieval, and demonstrates how such limitations can be overcome through system design and programming. The book describes the Library of Congress Subject headings system and system characteristics, shows how information is stored in machine readable files, and offers examples of and recommendations for successful methods. Tables are included to support these recommendations, and diagrams, graphs, and bar charts are used to provide results of data analyses.
  14. Peters, T.A.; Kurth, M.: Controlled and uncontrolled vocabulary subject searching in an academic library online catalog (1991) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    An analysis of transaction logs from an academic library online catalog describes instances in which users have tried both controlled and uncontrolled (title keyword) vocabulary subject access during the same search session. Eight hypotheses were tested. Over 6.6% of all dial access search sessions contained both methods of subject access. Over 58% of the isolated sessions began with an uncontrolled vocabulary attempt. Over 76% contained only one vocabulary shift. On average, user persistence was greater during controlled vocabulary search logs, but search output was greater during uncontrolled vocabulary search logs. Several recommendations regarding catalog design and instruction are made.
  15. Tillotson, J.: Is keyword searching the answer? (1995) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Examines 3 aspects of keyword searching to see if defaulting to keyword searches might serve as a solution to the problems users find when performing subject searches in OPACs. Investigates if keyword searching produces useful results; if people who use keyword searches to find information on a subject report that they are satisfied with the results; and how keyword searching and controlled vocabulary searching are offered and explained in currently available OPAC interfaces. Concludes that both keyword and controlled vocabulary searching ought to be easily available in an OPAC, and that improvements need to be made in explanation and help offered to subject searchers
  16. Schabas, A.H.: ¬A comparative evaluation of the retrieval effectiveness of titles, Library of Congress Subject Headings and PRECIS strings for computer searching of UK MARC data (1979) 0.00 
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  17. Robertson, S.E.; Sparck Jones, K.: Simple, proven approaches to text retrieval (1997) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This technical note describes straightforward techniques for document indexing and retrieval that have been solidly established through extensive testing and are easy to apply. They are useful for many different types of text material, are viable for very large files, and have the advantage that they do not require special skills or training for searching, but are easy for end users. The document and text retrieval methods described here have a sound theoretical basis, are well established by extensive testing, and the ideas involved are now implemented in some commercial retrieval systems. Testing in the last few years has, in particular, shown that the methods presented here work very well with full texts, not only title and abstracts, and with large files of texts containing three quarters of a million documents. These tests, the TREC Tests (see Harman 1993 - 1997; IP&M 1995), have been rigorous comparative evaluations involving many different approaches to information retrieval. These techniques depend an the use of simple terms for indexing both request and document texts; an term weighting exploiting statistical information about term occurrences; an scoring for request-document matching, using these weights, to obtain a ranked search output; and an relevance feedback to modify request weights or term sets in iterative searching. The normal implementation is via an inverted file organisation using a term list with linked document identifiers, plus counting data, and pointers to the actual texts. The user's request can be a word list, phrases, sentences or extended text.
  18. Shenouda, W.: Online bibliographic searching : how end-users modify their search strategies (1990) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The study attempted to idendify how end-users modify their initial search strategies in the light of new information presented during their interaction with an online bibliographic information retrieval system in a real environment. This exploratory study was also conducted to determine the effectiveness of the changes, made by users during the online process, in retrieving relevant documents. Analysis of this data shows that all end-users modify their searches during the online process. Results indicate that certain changes were made more frequently than others. Changes affecting relevance and characteristics of end-users' online search behaviour were also identified
  19. Wolfram, D.; Volz, A.; Dimitroff, A.: ¬The effect of linkage structure on retrieval performance in a hypertext-based bibliographic retrieval system (1996) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Investigates how linkage environments in a hypertext based bibliographic retrieval system affect retrieval performance for novice and experienced searchers, 2 systems, 1 with inter record linkages to authors and descriptors and 1 that also included title and abstract keywords, were tested. No significant differences in retrieval performance and system usage were found for most search tests. The enhanced system did provide better performance where title and abstract keywords provided the most direct access to relevant records. The findings have implications for the design of bilbiographic information retrieval systems using hypertext linkages
  20. Savoy, J.: Bibliographic database access using free-text and controlled vocabulary : an evaluation (2005) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This paper evaluates and compares the retrieval effectiveness of various search models, based on either automatic text-word indexing or on manually assigned controlled descriptors. Retrieval is from a relatively large collection of bibliographic material written in French. Moreover, for this French collection we evaluate improvements that result from combining automatic and manual indexing. First, when considering various contexts, this study reveals that the combined indexing strategy always obtains the best retrieval performance. Second, when users wish to conduct exhaustive searches with minimal effort, we demonstrate that manually assigned terms are essential. Third, the evaluations presented in this paper study reveal the comparative retrieval performances that result from manual and automatic indexing in a variety of circumstances.

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