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  1. SKOS Simple Knowledge Organization System Primer (2009) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organisation System) provides a model for expressing the basic structure and content of concept schemes such as thesauri, classification schemes, subject heading lists, taxonomies, folksonomies, and other types of controlled vocabulary. As an application of the Resource Description Framework (RDF) SKOS allows concepts to be documented, linked and merged with other data, while still being composed, integrated and published on the World Wide Web. This document is an implementors guide for those who would like to represent their concept scheme using SKOS. In basic SKOS, conceptual resources (concepts) can be identified using URIs, labelled with strings in one or more natural languages, documented with various types of notes, semantically related to each other in informal hierarchies and association networks, and aggregated into distinct concept schemes. In advanced SKOS, conceptual resources can be mapped to conceptual resources in other schemes and grouped into labelled or ordered collections. Concept labels can also be related to each other. Finally, the SKOS vocabulary itself can be extended to suit the needs of particular communities of practice.
  2. SKOS Core Guide (2005) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    SKOS Core provides a model for expressing the basic structure and content of concept schemes such as thesauri, classification schemes, subject heading lists, taxonomies, 'folksonomies', other types of controlled vocabulary, and also concept schemes embedded in glossaries and terminologies. The SKOS Core Vocabulary is an application of the Resource Description Framework (RDF), that can be used to express a concept scheme as an RDF graph. Using RDF allows data to be linked to and/or merged with other data, enabling data sources to be distributed across the web, but still be meaningfully composed and integrated. This document is a guide using the SKOS Core Vocabulary, for readers who already have a basic understanding of RDF concepts. This edition of the SKOS Core Guide [SKOS Core Guide] is a W3C Public Working Draft. It is the authoritative guide to recommended usage of the SKOS Core Vocabulary at the time of publication.
  3. Kaplan, A.G.; Riedling, A.M.: Catalog it! : a guide to cataloging school library materials (2015) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This invaluable cataloging resource gives pre-service and practicing school library media specialists the tools they need to be intelligent consumers of commercial cataloging and competent organizers of new materials in their collections. The second edition contains expanded information on Library of Congress Subject Headings and electronic cataloging and cataloging systems, as well as Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) and Machine Readable Cataloging (MARC). Whether you're a practicing cataloger looking for a short text to update you on the application of RDA to cataloging records or a school librarian who needs a quick resource to answer cataloging questions, this guide is for you. - Thoroughly updates a best-selling, essential guide to cataloging - Addresses the new standards specifically as they apply to school libraries - Helps school librarians understand and implement the new cataloging standards in their collections - Distills the latest information and presents it in a format that is clear and accessible - Fills the need for up-to-the-minute cataloging guidance for the busy librarian who wants information in a hurry
  4. DIN 32705: Klassifikationssysteme: Erstellung und Weiterentwicklung von Klassifikationssystemen (1987) 0.01 
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    Footnote
    Vgl. zur Einführung in die Norm auch die Beiträge von W. Gödert: Bibliothekarische Klassifikationssysteme ... in: Bibliothek: Forschung und Praxis 11(1987) und I. Dahlberg: DIN 32705: ... in: International classification 19(1992)
  5. ISO 25964 Thesauri and interoperability with other vocabularies (2008) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    T.1: Today's thesauri are mostly electronic tools, having moved on from the paper-based era when thesaurus standards were first developed. They are built and maintained with the support of software and need to integrate with other software, such as search engines and content management systems. Whereas in the past thesauri were designed for information professionals trained in indexing and searching, today there is a demand for vocabularies that untrained users will find to be intuitive. ISO 25964 makes the transition needed for the world of electronic information management. However, part 1 retains the assumption that human intellect is usually involved in the selection of indexing terms and in the selection of search terms. If both the indexer and the searcher are guided to choose the same term for the same concept, then relevant documents will be retrieved. This is the main principle underlying thesaurus design, even though a thesaurus built for human users may also be applied in situations where computers make the choices. Efficient exchange of data is a vital component of thesaurus management and exploitation. Hence the inclusion in this standard of recommendations for exchange formats and protocols. Adoption of these will facilitate interoperability between thesaurus management systems and the other computer applications, such as indexing and retrieval systems, that will utilize the data. Thesauri are typically used in post-coordinate retrieval systems, but may also be applied to hierarchical directories, pre-coordinate indexes and classification systems. Increasingly, thesaurus applications need to mesh with others, such as automatic categorization schemes, free-text search systems, etc. Part 2 of ISO 25964 describes additional types of structured vocabulary and gives recommendations to enable interoperation of the vocabularies at all stages of the information storage and retrieval process.
    T.2: The ability to identify and locate relevant information among vast collections and other resources is a major and pressing challenge today. Several different types of vocabulary are in use for this purpose. Some of the most widely used vocabularies were designed a hundred years ago and have been evolving steadily. A different generation of vocabularies is now emerging, designed to exploit the electronic media more effectively. A good understanding of the previous generation is still essential for effective access to collections indexed with them. An important object of ISO 25964 as a whole is to support data exchange and other forms of interoperability in circumstances in which more than one structured vocabulary is applied within one retrieval system or network. Sometimes one vocabulary has to be mapped to another, and it is important to understand both the potential and the limitations of such mappings. In other systems, a thesaurus is mapped to a classification scheme, or an ontology to a thesaurus. Comprehensive interoperability needs to cover the whole range of vocabulary types, whether young or old. Concepts in different vocabularies are related only in that they have the same or similar meaning. However, the meaning can be found in a number of different aspects within each particular type of structured vocabulary: - within terms or captions selected in different languages; - in the notation assigned indicating a place within a larger hierarchy; - in the definition, scope notes, history notes and other notes that explain the significance of that concept; and - in explicit relationships to other concepts or entities within the same vocabulary. In order to create mappings from one structured vocabulary to another it is first necessary to understand, within the context of each different type of structured vocabulary, the significance and relative importance of each of the different elements in defining the meaning of that particular concept. ISO 25964-1 describes the key characteristics of thesauri along with additional advice on best practice. ISO 25964-2 focuses on other types of vocabulary and does not attempt to cover all aspects of good practice. It concentrates on those aspects which need to be understood if one of the vocabularies is to work effectively alongside one or more of the others. Recognizing that a new standard cannot be applied to some existing vocabularies, this part of ISO 25964 provides informative description alongside the recommendations, the aim of which is to enable users and system developers to interpret and implement the existing vocabularies effectively. The remainder of ISO 25964-2 deals with the principles and practicalities of establishing mappings between vocabularies.
  6. ISO/TR 8393:1985: Bibliographic filing rules (1985) 0.01 
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  7. ISO 2709: Format for bibliographic interchange on magnetic tape (1981) 0.01 
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  8. ISO 7254:1983: Bibliographic filing principles (1983) 0.01 
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  9. ISO 25964-2: Thesauri and interoperability with other vocabularies : Part 2: Interoperability with other vocabularies (2013) 0.01 
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    Footnote
    Rez. in: Cataloging and classification quarterly 53(2015) no.1, S.112-115 (Stephen Hearn)
  10. ISO 6862:1996(E): Mathematical coded character set for bibliographic information exchange (1996) 0.01 
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  11. Guidelines for bibliographic description of interactive multimedia (1994) 0.00 
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  12. ISO 8459: Bibliographic data element directory : Pt.1: Interloan applications (ISO 8459-1:1988). - Pt.2: Acquisition applications (ISO 8459-2:1992). - Pt.3: Information retrieval applications (ISO 8459-3:1994). - Pt.4: Circulation applications (ISO/CD 8459-4:1996) - Pt.5: Data elements for the exchange of cataloguing and metadata (ISO/DIS 8459-5:2000) (1988-) 0.00 
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  13. Bibliotheks- und Dokumentationswesen : Gestaltung und Erschließung von Dokumenten, Bibliotheksmanagement, Codierungs- und Nummerungssysteme, Bestandserhaltung in Archiven und Bibliotheken (2002) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Am Anfang war das Wort. Sehr viel später erfand ein gewisser Herr Gutenberg ein Handgießinstrument zur Herstellung von Drucktypen. Und was sich daraus entwickelte, ist bekannt: Die moderne Informations- und Kommunikationsgesellschaft, deren Dynamik nicht zuletzt von der Effektivität der Daten-, Dokumenten- und Schriftgutverwaltung abhängt. Beim DIN-Taschenbuch 343 Bibliotheks- und Dokumentationswesen handelt es sich um ein Normenkompendium, das genau diese Verfahren aufgreift: Es stellt der interessierten Fachöffentlichkeit insgesamt 22 nationale und internationale Normen der Bereiche "Gestaltung und Erschließung von Dokumenten", "Bibliotheksmanagement", "Codierungs- und Nummerungssysteme" sowie "Bestandserhaltung in Archiven und Bibliotheken" vor. Die Auswahl der Normen verdeutlicht zweierlei: Zum einen den Einfluss der sich ständig weiterentwickelnden und dabei konvergierenden Technologien, der u.a. das Publizieren und die Datenrecherche beeinflusst. Zum zweiten die Notwendigkeit, neue Anforderungen zu berücksichtigen, die sich aus dem stetig zunehmenden internationalen Datenaustausch ergeben. Das DIN-Taschenbuch verschafft einen genauen Überblick über den Zusammenhang zwischen einschlägigen DIN- und ISO-Normen und klärt über Namencodes von Ländern und deren Untereinheiten auf (DIN ISO 3166-2:2001). Komplettiert wird das Werk durch den vollständigen Abdruck des DINFachberichts 13 "Bau- und Nutzungplanung von wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken". Dort werden Bibliotheken als Servicezentren verstanden, die zunehmend digitalisierte Informationsquellen bereit stellen.
    Content
    Enthält 22 vollständig abgedruckte nationale und internationale Normen für die Bereiche Archiv-, Bibliotheks-, Dokumentations-, Museums- und Verlagswesen
    Footnote
    Rez. in: ABI-Technik 21(2002) H.3, S.294-295 (K. Weishaupt); "Im Deutschen Institut für Normung ist der Normenausschuss Bibliotheks- und Dokumentationswesen (NABD) verantwortlich für die nationale Normung für das Erstellen, Publizieren, Erschließen, Erhalten, Wiederauffinden, Vermitteln und die Nutzung von Dokumenten, Daten und Schriftgut für die Bereiche Archiv-, Bibliotheks, Dokumentations-, Museumsund Verlagswesen. Mit dem neuen DIN-Taschenbuch will er einen Überblick über die DIN-Normen geben, die in den letzten Jahren auf internationaler Ebene unter aktiver deutscher Mitarbeit veröffentlicht, dann als DIN-Normen übernommen worden sind und die den veränderten Anforderungen der Informations- und Kommunikationsgesellschaft Rechnung tragen - so die eigenen Angaben des Ausschusses im Vorwort (S. XI). Vor dem Hintergrund dieses recht offen formulierten Anspruches kommt es zu einer Zusammenstellung von 22 Normen, die auf den ersten Blick recht bunt gemischt wirkt: Abgedruckt sind Normen zur Erstellung und Weiterentwicklung von Thesauri, zu Titelangaben von Dokumenten, Kürzungs- und Transliterationsregeln, Sortierregeln, Abschnittsnummerierungen, Ländernamen, zur ISBN, ISSN sowie den Standardnummern ISMN und ISWC für Musikalien, zu Leistungsindikatoren für Bibliotheken und zu Lebensdauer-Klassen von Papier und Karton, Anforderungen an die Aufbewahrung von Archiv- und Bibliotheksgut und zur Alterungsbeständigkeit von Schriften. Der DIN-Fachbericht "Bau- und Nutzungsplanung von wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken" rundet das Werk ab. Negativ ausgedrückt: Es wird niemanden geben, der für seinen beruflichen Alltag all diese Normen benötigt. Die positive Sicht: Das DIN-Taschenbuch deckt so viele Themen ab, dass der Kreis der Interessierten recht groß sein dürfte. Auf alle Fälle ist beeindruckend, zu wie vielen Themen aus den Bereich des Bibliotheks- und Dokumentationswesens es Normen gibt; vermutlich ist deren Existenz nicht einmal der Fachöffentlichkeit in vollem Umfang bekannt. Ein solches Beispiel ist DIN 1505, Teil 2: "Titelangaben von Dokumenten: Zitierregeln"; diese Norm wendet sich "an Autoren, Verleger und Redakteure und soll für Literaturzusammenstellungen, für Literaturverzeichnisse am Ende einer Schrift bzw. eines Beitrags, im Kontext oder in Fußnoten benutzt werden" (S. 38). Damit ist sie praktisch für alle relevant, die wissenschaftlich arbeiten und Texte schreiben - aber kaum jemand kennt diese Norm! Viele Zeitschriften und Fachgesellschaften haben ihre eigenen Regeln, nach denen zitiert werden soll. Im Institut Arbeit und Technik in Gelsenkirchen ist vor einigen Jahren mit Förderung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft die Software LibLink entwickelt worden, mit der aus MAB-Daten, die aus einem Bibliothekskatalog exportiert worden waren, automatisiert Literaturverzeichnisse für wissenschaftliche Texte erstellt werden sollten.
    Das erwies sich als äußerst schwierig, da es erstens keinen allgemein anerkannten Standard fürs Zitieren gibt und zweitens zwischen Literaturverzeichnissen wissenschaftlicher Texte und Bibliotheksdaten Diskrepanzen bestehen, die nicht automatisiert bereinigt werden können. Wie sich im Laufe des Projektes gezeigt hat, gilt das auch für Literaturverzeichnisse, die nach DIN 1505 gestaltet werden, obwohl diese Norm im Zusammenarbeit mit der Deutschen Bibliothek und dokumentarischen Berufsverbänden entwickelt worden ist und eine eindeutige Nähe zu bibliothekarischen Katalogisierungsregeln aufweist Warum sich die Norm nicht durchgesetzt hat, darüber kann nur spekuliert werden. Möglich ist, dass der Text mit einem Umfang von 18 Seiten - allein für Teil 2 der Norm! - zu umfangreich ist, als dass sich jemand, der sich für Formalia des wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens nur am Rande interessiert, wirklich damit beschäftigen würde. Möglich ist ferner, dass das Zitierformat zu nah an bibliothekarische Regeln angelehnt ist und einige Gepflogenheiten wissenschaftlicher Literaturverzeichnisse, die sich bei aller Uneinheitlichkeit doch durchgesetzt haben - nicht ausreichend berücksichtigt: Die Tendenz geht zu einer recht knappen Zitierweise, außerdem steht das Erscheinungsjahr inzwischen fast immer direkt hinter der Verfasserangabe und nicht irgendwo am Ende einer langen Titelaufnahme. Wie dem auch sei: Es ist bedauerlich, dass die Regelungen der Norm so wenig bekannt sind und damit kaum als Hilfestellung bei der oft auch beklagten Unsicherheit, wie korrekt zu zitieren sei, angesehen werden können. Vielleicht wäre hier eine viel intensivere Öffentlichkeitsarbeit angesagt, der Abdruck in einem neuen DIN-Taschenbuch ist sicherlich ein Schritt in die richtige Richtung. Eine andere Maßnahme wäre eine Aktualisierung der Norm; immerhin ist sie seit Januar 1984 unverändert geblieben. Über Namensverfremdungen wie Ernst T. A. Hoffmann ist die Bibliothekswelt inzwischen hinaus; ob gerade solch eine Regelung der Abkürzung von Vornamen und die Aufführung dieses Beispiels die Akzeptanz der Norm fördern, erscheint mehr als fraglich. Es ist im Rahmen einer Rezension nicht möglich, auf jede einzelne abgedruckte Norm inhaltlich einzugehen, daher nur noch einige Bemerkungen zu besonderen Auffälligkeiten. Das Taschenbuch gibt die internationale Norm ISO 690-2 (in englischer Sprache) wieder: "Information and documentation - Bibliographic references - Part 2: Electronic documents or parts thereof". Bei solch einem Thema, bei dem noch allgemeine Unsicherheit herrscht, ist es sehr hilfreich, mit der Norm eine Richtschnur an die Hand zu bekommen, auch wenn der Text selbst realistischerweise nicht den Anspruch erhebt, das Problem abschließend zu behandeln. Auf ein ganz besonders schwieriges Gebiet haben sich die Normungsausschüsse vorgewagt, als sie die internationale Norm ISO 11620 "Leistungsindikatoren für Bibliotheken" entwickelt haben, die ins Deutsche übersetzt und unverändert als DIN-Norm übernommen worden ist. Der Zweck der Norm wird eher zurückhaltend formuliert: Es geht darum, "den Gebrauch von Leistungsindikatoren in Bibliotheken zu unterstützen und Kenntnisse über die Durchführung von Leistungsmessung zu verbreiten" (S. 171). Dabei wird ausdrücklich zugestanden, dass es auch Leistungsindikatoren geben kann, die in dieser Norm nicht aufgeführt sind. Eine sehr realistische und damit sympathische Sicht für eine Fragestellung, die eins der jüngsten Probleme der bibliothekarischen Berufspraxis berührt und vermutlich nie erschöpfend ausdiskutiert werden kann! Im Vergleich dazu wirken Abkürzungs-, Transliterations- und Ordnungsregeln geradezu trivial. Aber alle, die im Bibliotheks- und Dokumentationsbereich tätig sind, wissen, dass es ohne Sorgfalt im Kleinen nicht geht und exakte Regelungen die tägliche Arbeit eher erleichtern.
  14. Agnese Galeffi, A.; Bertolini, M.V.; Bothmann, R.L.; Rodríguez, E.E.; McGarry, D.: Statement of International Cataloguing Principles (ICP) 2016 (2016) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    The original Statement of Principles - commonly known as the "Paris Principles" - was approved by the International Conference on Cataloguing Principles in 1961. Its goal of serving as a basis for international standardization in cataloguing has certainly been achieved: most of the cataloguing codes that were developed worldwide since that time have followed the Principles strictly or at least to a high degree. More than fifty years later, having a common set of international cataloguing principles is still necessary as cataloguers and users around the world use online catalogues as search and discovery systems. At the beginning of the 21st century, IFLA produced a new statement of principles (published in 2009) applicable to online library catalogues and beyond. The current version has been reviewed and updated in 2014 and 2015, and approved in 2016. The 2009 Statement of Principles replaced and explicitly broadened the scope of the Paris Principles from just textual resources to all types of resources, and from just the choice and form of entry to all aspects of bibliographic and authority data used in library catalogues. It included not only principles and objectives, but also guiding rules that should be included in cataloguing codes internationally, as well as guidance on search and retrieval capabilities. This 2016 edition takes into consideration new categories of users, the open access environment, the interoperability and the accessibility of data, features of discovery tools and the significant change of user behaviour in general. This statement builds on the great cataloguing traditions of the world, as well as on the conceptual models in the IFLA Functional Requirements family.
    Content
    This statement covers: - Scope - General Principles - Entities, Attributes, and Relationships - Bibliographic Description - Access Points - Objectives and Functions of the Catalogue - Foundations for Search Capabilities Vgl. auch: http://www.ifla.org/publications/node/11015.
  15. Erklärung zu den internationalen Katalogisierungsprinzipien (2009) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Das "Statement of Principles" - allgemein bekannt als "Paris Principles" - wurde 1961 von der International Conference on Cataloguing Principles verabschiedet. Sein Ziel, als Basis für die internationale Standardisierung in der Katalogisierung zu dienen, ist sicherlich erreicht worden: Die meisten Katalogisierungsregelwerke, die in der Folgezeit weltweit entwickelt wurden, folgten den Prinzipien ganz oder wenigstens in hohem Maß. Mehr als vierzig Jahre später ist das Bedürfnis nach gemeinsamen internationalen Katalogisierungsregeln gewachsen, weil Katalogisierer und Benutzer weltweit OPACs (Online Public Access Catalogues = Online-Benutzerkataloge) nutzen. An der Schwelle des 21. Jahrhunderts hat die IFLA einen Vorstoß unternommen, neue Prinzipien zu erarbeiten, die auf Online-Bibliothekskataloge und auch darüber hinaus anwendbar sind. Das oberste Prinzip ist der Komfort des Katalognutzers. Diese Erklärung ersetzt die "Paris Principles" und weitet den Geltungsbereich von rein textlichen Werken auf alle Materialarten aus und von der Bestimmung und Form einer Eintragung auf alle Aspekte von bibliografischen Daten und Normdaten, die in Bibliothekskatalogen genutzt werden. Sie umfasst nicht nur Prinzipien und Ziele (d. h. Funktionen des Katalogs), sondern auch Regelungen, die international in Katalogisierungsregelwerken enthalten sein sollten, und gibt Anleitung für Suchfunktionen. Die Prinzipien bauen auf den großen Katalogtraditionen der Welt sowie auf dem konzeptionellen Modell der Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) der IFLA auf.
  16. ISO/DIS 5127: Information and documentation - foundation and vocabulary (2013) 0.00 
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    Content
    This document is not an ISO International Standard. It is distributed for review and comment. It is subject to change without notice and may not be referred to as an International Standard.
  17. Z39.19-1993: Guidelines for the construction, format, and management of monolingual thesauri (1993) 0.00 
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    Footnote
    Rez. in: Knowledge organization 22(1995) no.3/4, S.180-181 (M. Hudon)
  18. OWL Web Ontology Language Test Cases (2004) 0.00 
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    Date
    14. 8.2011 13:33:22

Authors

Years

Languages

  • e 15
  • d 3

Types

Themes

Subjects

Classifications