Search (27 results, page 1 of 2)

  • × author_ss:"Marchionini, G."
  1. Komlodi, A.; Soergel, D.; Marchionini, G.: Search histories for user support in user interfaces (2006) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    The authors describe user interface tools based on search histories to support legal information seekers. The design of the tools was informed by the results of a user study (Komlodi, 2002a) that examined the use of human memory, external memory aids, and search histories in legal information seeking and derived interface design recommendations for information storage and retrieval systems. The data collected were analyzed to identify potential task areas where search histories can support information seeking and use. The results show that many information-seeking tasks can take advantage of automatically and manually recorded history information. These findings encouraged the design of user interface tools building on search history information: direct search history displays, history-enabled scratchpad facilities, and organized results collection tools.
    Date
    22. 7.2006 18:04:19
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 57(2006) no.6, S.803-897
  2. White, R.W.; Marchionini, G.; Muresan, G.: Evaluating exploratory search systems : introduction to special topic issue of information processing and management (2008) 0.02 
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    Footnote
    Einführung in einen Themenschwerpunkt "Evaluating exploratory search systems"
  3. Marchionini, G.; Liebscher, P.: Performance in electronic encyclopedias : implications for adaptive systems (1991) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    To make their system quickly usable, designers often build interfaces that reflect well-known manual activities. Demonstrates how undergraduates use their mental models for print encyclopedias to develop minimal proficiency with various electronic encyclopedias. Lower performance levels in the electronic systems are due to additional cognitive load required to adapt and develop mental models for the new systems. For the fact retrieval questions used in these relativley small data bases, the hypertext encyclopedia required less cognitive load than the 2 traditional Boolean-based systems. Adaptive designs that provide multiple system images are encouraged to support more comprehensive user understanding and more varied tasks
    Source
    ASIS'91: systems understanding people. Proc. of the 54th Annual Meeting of the ASIS, vol.28, Washington, DC, 27.-31.10.1991. Ed.: J.-M. Griffiths
  4. Marchionini, G.; Dwiggins, S.; Katz, A.; Lin, X.: Information seeking in full-text and-user-oriented search systems : the roles of domain and search expertise (1993) 0.02 
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  5. Marchionini, G.: ¬An invitation to browse : designing full-text systems for novice users (1987) 0.02 
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    Source
    Canadian journal of information science. 12(1987) nos.3/4, S.69-79
  6. Marchionini, G.; Xia, L.; Dwiggins, S.: Efforts of search and subject expertise on information seeking in a hypertext environment (1990) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    As part of ongoing investigation of information seeking behaviour of end users in electronic environments, a comparison was made of those users having expertise in a topic area and those with expertise in online searching. Computer scientists and online search specialists conducted assigned searches in a HyperCard database on the topic of hypertext. Both groups of experts were able to conduct successful searches and outperformed a novice control group. Search specialists took slightly less time tahn the domain experts, modified queries by adding terms found in the text, and tended to focus on query formulation. Domain experts focused on the text and used their domain knowledge for further question answering
    Source
    ASIS'90: Information in the year 2000, from research to applications. Proc. of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science, Toronto, Canada, 4.-8.11.1990. Ed. by Diana Henderson
  7. Marchionini, G.: Information seeking in full-text end-user-oriented search system : the roles of domain and search expertise (1993) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Presents a study that identifies and examines the roles that information-seeking expertise and domain expertise play in information seeking in full text, and user search systems. This forms part of an investigation to characterise information seeking and to determine how it is affected by interactive electronic access to primary information. Distinguishes between the approaches of search experts and domain experts. Makes recommendations for systems design
  8. Marchionini, G.; Meadow, C.T.; Dwiggins, S.; Lin, X.; Jiabin, W.; Yuan, W.: ¬A study of user interaction with information retrieval interfaces : progress report (1991) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Reports progress and future plans for a project to study the interactions of users with information retrieval interfaces. Tests are run with professional data base searchers and with end users who are members of a profession but have little or no searching experience. Interfaces tested include a command language search system used to search DIALOG bibliographic data bases, a non-procedural system that produces DIALOG commands, and several full text systems, including one using hypertext. The intent is to determine which kinds of users perform best with each type of interface. The project is being conducted jointly bay the University of Toronto and the University of Maryland
    Source
    Canadian journal of information science. 16(1991) no.4, S.42-59
  9. Marchionini, G.: Co-evolution of user and organizational interfaces : a longitudinal case study of WWW dissemination of national statistics (2002) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The data systems, policies and procedures, corporate culture, and public face of an agency or institution make up its organizational interface. This case study describes how user interfaces for the Bureau of Labor Statistics web site evolved over a 5-year period along with the [arger organizational interface and how this co-evolution has influenced the institution itself. Interviews with BLS staff and transaction log analysis are the foci in this analysis that also included user informationseeking studies and user interface prototyping and testing. The results are organized into a model of organizational interface change and related to the information life cycle.
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 53(2002) no.14, S.1192-1209
  10. Shah, C.; Marchionini, G.: Awareness in collaborative information seeking (2010) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Support for explicit collaboration in information-seeking activities is increasingly recognized as a desideratum for search systems. Several tools have emerged recently that help groups of people with the same information-seeking goals to work together. Many issues for these collaborative information-seeking (CIS) environments remain understudied. The authors identified awareness as one of these issues in CIS, and they presented a user study that involved 42 pairs of participants, who worked in collaboration over 2 sessions with 3 instances of the authors' CIS system for exploratory search. They showed that while having awareness of personal actions and history is important for exploratory search tasks spanning multiple sessions, support for group awareness is even more significant for effective collaboration. In addition, they showed that support for such group awareness can be provided without compromising usability or introducing additional load on the users.
    Footnote
    Erratum in: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 61(2010) no.11, S.2377.
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 61(2010) no.10, S.1970-1986
  11. Komlodi, A.; Marchionini, G.; Soergel, D.: Search history support for finding and using information : user interface design recommendations from a user study (2007) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Recording search histories, presenting them to the searcher, and building additional interface tools on them offer many opportunities for supporting user tasks in information seeking and use. This study investigated the use of search history information in legal information seeking. Qualitative methods were used to explore how attorneys and law librarians used their memory and external memory aids while searching for information and in transferring to information use. Based on the findings, interface design recommendations were made for information systems. Results of the study from the legal user group presented evidence of the usefulness of search histories and history-based interface tools. Both user manifestations and researcher observations revealed that searchers need historical information in information seeking. Search histories were found to be useful in many user tasks: memory support, search system use, information seeking, information use, task management, task integration, and collaboration. Integrating information across various user tasks and collaborating with others are extensions of traditional information-seeking and use models. These findings encouraged the design of user interface tools and guidelines building on search history information.
  12. Marchionini, G.: Toward Human-Computer Information Retrieval (2006) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This is a propitious time for information science. The WWW has propelled information services into the public eye as never before, and information professionals are sought out in all walks of life to assist people with work, learning and play in the information environment. Classical information retrieval has yielded novel techniques for applying computers to retrieval problems, including WWW search engines. The classical model of retrieval is one of matching queries to documents and ranking these matches. It is apparent, however, that a new model of retrieval is needed as people access large-scale digital libraries of multimedia content and vast collections of unstructured data in the WWW. What is needed are ways to bring human intelligence and attention more actively into the search process. To this end, researchers are beginning to combine the lessons from designing highly interactive user interfaces with the lessons from human information behavior to create new kinds of search systems that depend on continuous human control of the search process. I call this hybrid approach to the challenges of information seeking, human-computer information retrieval (HCIR). Though human-computer information interaction is perhaps a more expansive and appropriate phrase, the HCIR phrase unites two well-known fields/communities of practice and is thus adopted here. HCIR aims to empower people to explore large-scale information bases but demands that people also take responsibility for this control by expending cognitive and physical energy. This paper outlines the basic motivations and concepts of HCIR and presents design goals and challenges that are informed by two ongoing HCIR projects.
    Source
    Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 33(2006) no.5, S.xx-xx
  13. Liebscher, P.; Marchionini, G.: Browse and analytical search strategies in a full-text CD-ROM encyclopedia (1988) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    School library media specialists do not know which search strategies are most appropriate for the new full-text CD-ROM databases. Reports an experiment conducted to examine the effectiveness of 2 search strategies - analytical and browse strategies - for information seeking and use among high school students using an electronic full-text ancyclopedia for the search task. The experiment sought to determine whether: a short training session in a particular information strategy allows an information seeker to form an adequate mental model of the search task; and a simple 'browse' model compare favourably with a more 'analytical' model for information seeking in a full-text online environment. Both strategies proved effective for finding relevant information yet each demonstrated distinct advantages and disadvantages. Recommends that as new technologies are introduced, school library media specialists should conduct careful observations and controlled comparisons of how students use these systems
  14. Marchionini, G.; Shneiderman, B.: Finding facts vs. browsing knowledge in hypertext systems (1988) 0.01 
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  15. White, R.W.; Marchionini, G.: Examining the effectiveness of real-time query expansion (2007) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Interactive query expansion (IQE) (c.f. [Efthimiadis, E. N. (1996). Query expansion. Annual Review of Information Systems and Technology, 31, 121-187]) is a potentially useful technique to help searchers formulate improved query statements, and ultimately retrieve better search results. However, IQE is seldom used in operational settings. Two possible explanations for this are that IQE is generally not integrated into searchers' established information-seeking behaviors (e.g., examining lists of documents), and it may not be offered at a time in the search when it is needed most (i.e., during the initial query formulation). These challenges can be addressed by coupling IQE more closely with familiar search activities, rather than as a separate functionality that searchers must learn. In this article we introduce and evaluate a variant of IQE known as Real-Time Query Expansion (RTQE). As a searcher enters their query in a text box at the interface, RTQE provides a list of suggested additional query terms, in effect offering query expansion options while the query is formulated. To investigate how the technique is used - and when it may be useful - we conducted a user study comparing three search interfaces: a baseline interface with no query expansion support; an interface that provides expansion options during query entry, and a third interface that provides options after queries have been submitted to a search system. The results show that offering RTQE leads to better quality initial queries, more engagement in the search, and an increase in the uptake of query expansion. However, the results also imply that care must be taken when implementing RTQE interactively. Our findings have broad implications for how IQE should be offered, and form part of our research on the development of techniques to support the increased use of query expansion.
  16. Marchionini, G.; Komlodi, A.: Design of interfaces for information seeking (1999) 0.00 
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    Source
    Annual review of information science and technology. 33(1998), S.89-130
  17. Pomerantz, J.; Marchionini, G.: ¬The digital library as place (2007) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to present a high-level investigation of the physical-conceptual continuum occupied by both digital and physical libraries. Design/methodology/approach - A framework is provided for thinking about the notions of place and library. The issue of materials and the ideas they represent is considered. Places for people are considered, including issues of people's sense of place in physical and digital spaces. The issue of physical and digital spaces as places for work, collaboration, and community-building is considered. Findings - As more digital libraries are built, and as more physical libraries offer electronic access to parts of their collection, two trends are likely to result: the role of the library as a storage space for materials will become decreasingly important; and the role of the library as a space for users, for individual and collaborative work, and as a space for social activity, will become increasingly important. Research limitations/implications - Digital libraries are unable to fulfill some of the functions of the physical library as physical spaces, but are able to offer functions beyond what the physical library can offer as cognitive spaces. Practical implications - Areas of likely future development for digital libraries are suggested, as vehicles for enhancing cognitive space by augmenting representations of ideas in materials. Originality/value - This paper argues that in many ways digital libraries really are places in the conceptual sense, and will continue to broaden and enrich the roles that libraries play in people's lives and in the larger social milieu.
    Source
    Journal of documentation. 63(2007) no.4, S.505-533
  18. Marchionini, G.: Information concepts : from books to cyberspace identities (2010) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Information is essential to all human activity, and information in electronic form both amplifies and augments human information interactions. This lecture surveys some of the different classical meanings of information, focuses on the ways that electronic technologies are affecting how we think about these senses of information, and introduces an emerging sense of information that has implications for how we work, play, and interact with others. The evolutions of computers and electronic networks and people's uses and adaptations of these tools manifesting a dynamic space called cyberspace. Our traces of activity in cyberspace give rise to a new sense of information as instantaneous identity states that I term proflection of self. Proflections of self influence how others act toward us. Four classical senses of information are described as context for this new form of information. The four senses selected for inclusion here are the following: thought and memory, communication process, artifact, and energy. Human mental activity and state (thought and memory) have neurological, cognitive, and affective facets.The act of informing (communication process) is considered from the perspective of human intentionality and technical developments that have dramatically amplified human communication capabilities. Information artifacts comprise a common sense of information that gives rise to a variety of information industries. Energy is the most general sense of information and is considered from the point of view of physical, mental, and social state change. This sense includes information theory as a measurable reduction in uncertainty. This lecture emphasizes how electronic representations have blurred media boundaries and added computational behaviors that yield new forms of information interaction, which, in turn, are stored, aggregated, and mined to create profiles that represent our cyber identities.
    Content
    Table of Contents: The Many Meanings of Information / Information as Thought and Memory / Information as Communication Process / Information as Artifact / Information as Energy / Information as Identity in Cyberspace: The Fifth Voice / Conclusion and Directions
  19. Ding, W.; Soergel, D.; Marchionini, G.: Performance of visual, verbal, and combined video surrogates (1999) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    This study investigates the information representation power of different modalities in the video data in order to collect empirical evidence for video surrogate creation and thus better support effective video browsing and information retrieval. Three types of video surrogates - keyframe, keyword/phrase, and combination of the two were created and compared under two user tasks-verbal comprehension and visual gisting in user performance and preference. Results and discussions follow
    Series
    Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science; vol.36
    Source
    Knowledge: creation, organization and use. Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science, 31.10.-4.11.1999. Ed.: L. Woods
  20. Marchionini, G.: Interfaces for end-user information seeking (1992) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Discusses and illustrates the essential features of user-system interfaces designed to support end user searching. Presents examples of interfaces to support the following basic information seeking functions are presented: problem definition, source selection, problem articulation, examination of results, and information extraction. Argues that present interfaces focus on problem articulation and examination of results functions, and research and development are needed to support the problem definition and information extraction functions
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 43(1992), S.156-163

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  • a 25
  • m 2

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