Search (1300 results, page 1 of 65)

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Abstract

The delivery of library reference service can be practically supplemented through the appropriate incorporation and use of software tools commonly reffered to an expert system. The level of support such systems can affort the reference service organisation is dependent on the degree of complexity characteristic of the rule-based programming techniques used to develop a particular system and the size of its knowledge data base. Since most expert systems are designed to simulate the process of problem-solving practiced by an expert in a given field, an expert system designed to fully emulate library reference work must have the potential to respond to a wide subject range of questions with varying degrees of response adequacy. Describes a microcomputer-based reference expert-type system.

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Abstract

Reviews the applications of computerised systems to reference work.

Source

Library software review. 8(1989) no.5, S.256-264

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Abstract

Although hundreds of undergraduate students receive library instruction when their instructors arrange for a class tour or bibliographic instruction session, thousands of other students do not. Describes the planning process that took place in the development of a cross platform interactive multimedia instruction program designed to be accessible to students with diverse information literacy skills. Covers the merits and limitations of several authoring software packages and offers some guidelines concerning time requirements

Date

27.11.1995 17:07:22

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Abstract

The present essay is based on research funded by the German Ministry of Economics and Technology and carried out by the Munich School of Philosophy (Prof. Godehard Brüntrup) in cooperation with the IT company Comelio GmbH. It is concerned with setting up the philosophical framework for a systematic, hierarchical and categorical account of questions and answers in order to use this framework as an ontology for software engineers who create a tool for intelligent questionnaire design. In recent years, there has been considerable interest in programming software that enables users to create and carry out their own surveys. Considering the, to say the least, vast amount of areas of applications these software tools try to cover, it is surprising that most of the existing tools lack a systematic approach to what questions and answers really are and in what kind of systematic hierarchical relations different types of questions stand to each other. The theoretical background to this essay is inspired Barry Smith's theory of regional ontologies. The notion of ontology used in this essay can be defined by the following characteristics: (1) The basic notions of the ontology should be defined in a manner that excludes equivocations of any kind. They should also be presented in a way that allows for an easy translation into a semi-formal language, in order to secure easy applicability for software engineers. (2) The hierarchical structure of the ontology should be that of an arbor porphyriana.

Date

9. 2.2017 19:22:59

Series

History and philosophy of technoscience; 3

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Abstract

A filtered online information service electronically filters or screen masses of information leaving behind targeted business information delivered electronically to a client. Describes tha major software packages available: Desktop Data's NewsEDGE, Individual Inc's First! and HeadsUP, Mainstream's Newscast and SandPoint Corporation's Hoover. Describes the information sources covered, the filtering techniques used, their relationship with SDI services, their marketing and relationship with information centre services. Examines questions to be taken into account when considering such services

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Abstract

POINTER is a microcomputer program and expert system that simulates the advice of a government documents librarian suggesting the use of particular reference books. Using Government publications is a 2 volume work which identifies search strategies and sources of information for handling many specific topics and types of questionsassociated with federal documents. A comparison of these 2 reference aids reveals advantages and disadvantages of each as well as the difficulty of developing a conceptual framework for federal document research.

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Abstract

The proliferation of information has placed pressure on librarians to assist library patrons to use information efficiently. Ohio State University libraries have developed a microcomputer program that enables library users to identify, locate, evaluate and select information independently, regardless of format. The gateway's evaluations demonstrate that it is an effective and user-friendly information tool for a wide range of library patrons. The gateway is now available on all of the libraries' terminals

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Abstract

Gives a background to the development of community networks giving an outline of the current situation. Describes the information and services found on the networks, the connection the systems use, who starts and runs the systems and their sources of funding. Presents a range of current models describing HAWAII FYI, National Capital FreeNEt. Ottawa, Wellington City Council's Community Computer Network, New Zealand, and Big Sky Telegraphy, Dilton, Montana, and outlining other models. Examines social aspects of the systems and looks to the future of these systems in the light of changing technology

Imprint

Illinois : University at Urbana-Champaign, Graduate School of Library and Information Science

Source

Emerging communities: integrating networked information into library services. Proceedings of the Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing, Illinois University at Urbana-Champaign, 4-6 April 1993. Ed.: A.P. Bishop

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 53(2002) no.4, S.321-322 (I. Fourie): "A substantial literature exists on artificial intelligence (AI) and expert systems in general, as well as in Library and Information Science (LIS). Many reports are over-confident and grossly exaggerate the power and potential of artificial intelligence (AI). This is especially true of the first phase of At, and to some extent also of the third phase that is stimulated by developments surrounding the Internet. The middle phase was mostly marked by disillusionment about the potential of Al and expert systems. The confusion around the promises made by AI and the lack of operational success, leaves managers of library and information services with the dilemma of distinguishing between worthwhile research reporting on operational projects and projects that exists only on paper or in the researchers' heads. It is very difficult to sieve between the two when working through the subject literature, and to distinguish between working technology/applications and wishful thinking. This might be one reason why working systems are sometimes ignored. According to Lancaster and Warner, library managers must also look much wider than the LIS literature to note new trends; this can, however, become a daunting task. Against this background the authors report on a study conducted with the support of the Special Libraries Association's Steven I. Goldspiel Memorial Research Grant. The objective of the study was to gain sufficient familiarity with the developments in Al and related technologies to make recommendations to the information service community on what can be applied, and what to expect in the near future. The intention therefore was to focus on systems that are actually operational, and systems that hold potential for the future. Since digital libraries seems an inevitable part of our future, applications concerning them features strongly in the final recommendations. The scope of AI in Library and Information Science depends on the interpretation of the concepts artificial intelligence and expert systems. "If a system has to `behave intelligently' (e.g. make inferences or learn from its mistakes) to qualify as having AI, few such systems exist in any application. On the other hand, if one accepts that a system exhibits AI if its does things that humans need intelligence to do, many more systems would qualify" (p. 107). One example is the field of subject indexing. The same would apply if a more relaxed definition of expert systems is applied as a system that "can help the non-expert perform some task at a level closer to that of an expert, whether or not all the essential components are in place" (p. 107). Most of the AI literature relevant to libraries falls in the field of expert systems. Lancaster and Warner identify (p. 6) expert systems as " a branch of artificial intelligence, even though very few expert systems exhibit true intelligence.""

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Abstract

Presents 18 reports describing ways in which specific libraries applied the Internet to local community information services in the USA. Applications range from the immense electronic matrix of Stanford University to 1 telephone libraries in rural New York State. Reports are illustrated and include hardware, software, and connectivity data as well as managerial, financial, social, legal and staff issues

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Abstract

The major attractions of building a Web based reference information system are described: software is virtually 'free'; required training is minimal; systems can be accessed by a variety of platforms; and reference librarians around the world are able to share their expertise. Discusses these points in the context of the evolution of reference information file systems and describes a prototype to show how to construct a basic Web based system

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Abstract

The Heartland Free-Net is a community-based automated network developed by Peoria-area business people, lawyers and scholars. Describes the involvement of the Illinois Valley Library System with the network through the 'Not alone, but together' project which aimed to improve local library services by providing public access to the network. Describes the positive and negative aspects of the project implementation, training, software, free-net procedures and publicity. Assesses the implication of the project for libraries

Imprint

Illinois : University at Urbana-Champaign, Graduate School of Library and Information Science

Source

Emerging communities: integrating networked information into library services. Proceedings of the Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing, Illinois University at Urbana-Champaign, 4-6 April 1993. Ed.: A.P. Bishop

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Abstract

In this paper, we introduce a class of systems called Information Management Assistants (IMAs). IMAs automatically discover related material on behalf of the user by serving as an intermediary between the user and information retrieval systems. IMAs observe users interact with everyday applications and then anticipate their information needs using a model of the task at hand. IMAs then automatically fulfill these needs using the text of the document the user is manipulating and a knowledge of how to form queries to traditional information retrieval systems (e.g., Internet search engines, abstract databases, etc.). IMAs automatically query information systems on behalf of users as well as provide an interface by which the user can pose queries explicitly. Because IMAs are aware of the user's task, they can augment their explicit query with terms representative of the context of this task. In this way, IMAs provide a framework for bringing implicit task context to bear on servicing explicit information requests, significantly reducing ambiguity. IMAs embody a just-in-time information infrastructure in which information is brought to users as they need it, without requiring explicit requests. In this paper, we present our work on an architecture for this class of system, and our progress implementing Watson, a prototype of such a system. Watson observes users in word processing and Web browsing applications and uses a simple model of the user's tasks, knowledge of term importance, and an understanding of query generation to find relevant documents and service explicit queries. We close by discussing our experimental evaluations of the system

Series

Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science; vol.36

Source

Knowledge: creation, organization and use. Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science, 31.10.-4.11.1999. Ed.: L. Woods

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Abstract

Princeton University is using computer networking to forge links with the local community. Describes the work of its Office of Computing and Information Technology. It maintains a campus-wide information system Princeton New Network which is available for public access and supports local schools in a variety of ways the most recent project being to provide Internet access to the Princeton Regional Schools

Imprint

Illinois : University at Urbana-Champaign, Graduate School of Library and Information Science

Source

Emerging communities: integrating networked information into library services. Proceedings of the Clinic on Library Applications of Data Processing, Illinois University at Urbana-Champaign, 4-6 April 1993. Ed.: A.P. Bishop

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Abstract

The reference information files at several UCLA libraries were merged and prepared for conversion to machine-readable form under a Council on Library Resources grant. The database structure was conceived using the following factors: data elements, field indexes, syndetic structure, and the possible future sharing of files with the Los Angeles Public Library. Information was entered into a microcomputer using Inmagic, a sophisticated text management system that includes among its features Boolean searching, extensice indexing capabilities, and variable length fields. Future implementation of Infofile will depend on funding, but may include translation into ORION, the UCLA online catalog

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Abstract

Describes how the results of 2 studies of the way reference librarians work were pooled to provide an understanding of the important features necessary in software that function as intelligent agents and expert systems for computerized reference work. Discusses the functioning of intelligent software agents in terms of: communication with users; technical competence in searching (designing and performing searches); personalization in terms of formulating the search interview, refining the results of searches, and tailoring the search interview, refining the results of searches, and tailoring the search to the particular user's needs. Sets out 9 design principles for intelligent agents and practical technical implications of the studies

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Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine recent thinking about reference services and library use of virtual reference (VR) software, in order to put into context the value of advanced social networking technologies such as Second Life to libraries and their users. Design/methodology/approach - A brief review of the main developments in the recent history of VR, combined with a comparison of the relevant features in common between generic VR packages and Second Life. Findings - That the key weaknesses of established VR services are also found in Second Life, but that these weaknesses should be readily overcome as technical advances are made and librarians clarify to software providers the type of functionality they require from their services. Research limitations/implications - The need for a higher level of complex authentication functionality, as necessitated when combining digital library subscription services with interactive virtual library environments, is outlined and defined. This is a fertile area for service provider research and development. Practical implications - The practical benefits of VR and Second Life services to libraries will be limited until the authentication issues summarised in this paper are addressed. Originality/value - The paper attempts to enlarge the literature on Second Life by discussing this recent innovation in terms of the broader historical context against which such digital library services have evolved. In particular, it points out the ironic similarity between digital reference environments and declining traditional reference services, which both are disadvantaged by their "distance" from core, authenticated digital library content.

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Abstract

Reports the results of a questionnaire survey of 414 libraries in 4 categories: academic libraries; school libraries; public libraries and special libraries; to assess the status of library training initiatives with respect to the libraries' OPACs. Answers were sought to 3 questions: how have libraries modifoed OPAC software; have libraries developed any instructional methods for teaching the use of OPACs; and to what extent are online catalogues self instructional? Results show that most participants' libraries have modofied library OPAC software; librarians continue to teach use of the online catalogue, depending heavily on handouts; few systems have built-in tutorials for users; and very fes have developed computer assisted instruction for the OPAC

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Abstract

Extension of earlier studies of the way reference librarians work were pooled to provide an understanding of the important features necessary in software that function as intelligent agents and expert systems for computerized reference work. Presents the technical implications of these studies as a set of 9 design principles for agent technology and discusses only the technical issues that were specifically raised by the studies of librarians and users

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Footnote

Rez. in: Journal of documentation. 52(1996) no.1, S.122-123 (B. Duckett); Information processing and management 32(1996) no.2, S.255-256 (F.W. Lancaster); JASIS 46(1995) no.10, S.792-793 (P. Wilson); College and research libraries 56(1995) no.6, S.562-563 (E. Blakely)