-
Farradane, J.E.L.: ¬A scientific theory of classification and indexing and its practical applications (1950)
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- Abstract
- A classification is a theory of the structure of knowledge. From a discussion of the nature of truth, it is held that scientific knowledge is the only knowledge which can be regarded as true. The method of induction from empirical data is therefore applied to the construction of a classification. Items of knowledge are divided into uniquely definable terms, called isolates, and the relations between them, called operators. It is shown that only four basic operators exist, expressing appurtenance, equivalence, reaction and causation; using symbols for these operators, all subjects can be analysed in a linear form called an analet. With the addition of the permissible permutations of such analets, formed according to simple rules, alphabetical arrangement of the first terms provide a complete, logical subject index. Examples are given, and possible difficulties are considered. A classification can then be constructed by selection of deductive relations, arranged in hierarchical form. The nature of possible classifications is discussed. It is claimed that such an inductively constructed classification is the only true representation of the structure of knowledge, and that these principles provide a simple technique for accurately and fully indexing and classifying any given set of data, with complete flexibility
- Source
- Journal of documentation. 6(1950), S.83-99
-
Bertalanffy, L. von: General systems theory (1956)
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- General systems. 1(1956), S.1 ff
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¬The Role of classification in the modern American library : papers presented at an institute conducted by the University of Illinois Graduate School of Library Science, 1.-4.11.1959 (1959)
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- Date
- 3.10.2000 10:22:59
-
Shaw, R.R.: Mechanical storage, handling, retrieval and supply of information (1958)
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- Abstract
- The technical and administrative problems involved in the storage, handling, and retrieval of library information are emphasized throughout this detailed account of the present equipment used. Reference is made to previous studies and suggestions given for future research. Particular attention is paid to the need for fundamental systems studies and for full investigation of the requirements of the scholar. The author concludes that the problem was proceeded in a piecemeal and 'gadget' fashion and stresses the need for more detailed analysis of the usefulness and economic justification of each separate piece of machinery, without, however, losing sight of the problem in its entirely. By way of practical illustration a method for making the recources of Harvard University's Lamont Library available to all colleges is suggested at the end.
-
Ranganathan, S.R.: Elements of library classification (1959)
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- Abstract
- A medium-length book, based on lectures, aimed at classificationists, not cataloguers or classifiers. Ranganathan begins with his Five Laws and a definition of classification and its purposes. He gives a list of 108 subjects in "unhelpful alphabetical sequence" and shows how they can be grouped into subjects, and then how each each subject's terms can be organized in a helpful and useful way, thereby demonstrating and building up his basic canons, postulates, and principles of classification. All of that, roughly the first half of the book, will be of interest to anyone starting to make classification systems. It has all of what makes Ranganathan's work so delightful to read: his unending concern for the user, his deep thought, and his warmth, humour, and spirituality. The second half of the book, however, has what can make his work difficult: his unyielding belief that the Colon Classification is the only system worth using. The reader will not be very interested in repeatedly classifying books under various systems and then reversing the process to see how closely the call number matches the subject. However, the reader can take the ideas so clearly presented in the first half of the book and then veer off to build his or her own system, while remembering that if his classification laws are likened to Euclid's laws of geometry, there is no room for a Riemann or Lobachevksy in Ranganathan's strict world.
-
Wiener, N.: ¬The human use of human beings : cybernetics and society (1950)
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- Date
- 8. 7.2000 18:17:22
-
Mooers, C.N.: ¬A mathematical theory of language symbols in retrieval (1959)
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- Imprint
- New York : National Academy of Sciences
- Source
- Proceedings of the International Conference on Scientific Information
-
Taube, M.: Storage and retrieval of information by means of the association of ideas (1955)
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-
Bar-Hillel, Y.; Carnap, R.: ¬An outline of a theory of semantic information (1953)
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- Source
- British journal for the philosophy of science. 4(1953), S.147-157
-
Cole, P.F.: ¬The analysis of reference question records as a guide to the information requirements of scientists (1958)
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- Source
- Journal of documentation. 14(1958), S.197-207
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Lubetzky, S.: Development of cataloging rules (1953)
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- Abstract
- The growth of the rules which shape library catalogs and determine their character and usefulness is susceptible of much more extended treatment than is possible here. What is attempted in the following pages is to point out present trends and to indicate their significance. Evidently the year 1941 marked the beginning of a new phase in the evolution of cataloging rules. The publication then of the preliminary American second edition of the A.L.A. Catalog Rules appears as the culmination of a movement inspired exactly one hundred years earlier by the issue of Panizzi's rules. The latter followed a very long period in which rudimentary methods of cataloging slowly evolved and the need of rules to systematize the work gradually came to be recognized. As long as libraries were small and few books were published, the contents of a library could be recorded in any fashion that struck the fancy of the one in charge. Catalogs were made by librarians largely for their own use and had one simple function, that of an inventory or a collection of lists showing the holdings. The form and arrangement of the entries were arbitrary.
-
Bar-Hillel, Y.; Carnap, R.: ¬An outline of a theory of semantic information (1952)
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- Abstract
- In distinction to current Theory of Communication which treats amount of information as a measure of the statistical rarity of a message, a Theory of Semantic Information is outlined, in which the concept of information carried by a sentence within a given language system is treated as synonymous with the content of this sentence, normalized in a certain way, and the concept of amount of semantic information is explicated by various measures of this content, all based on logical probability functions ranging over the contents. Absolute and relative measures are distinguished, so are D-functions suitable for contexts where deductive reasoning alone is relevant and I-functions suitable for contexts where inductive reasoning is adequate. Of the two major types of amount of information investigated, the one, cont, is additive with respect to sentences whose contents are exclusive, the other, inf, with respect to sentences which are inductively independent. The latter turns out to be formally analogous to the customary information measure function. Various estimate functions of amount of information are investigated leading to generalized semantic correlates of concepts and theorems of current Communication Theory. A concept of semantic noise is tentatively defined, so are efficiency and redundancy of the conceptual framework of a language system. It is suggested that semantic information is a concept more readily applicable to psychological and other investigations than its communicational counterpart.
- Imprint
- Cambridge, Mass. : MIT / Research Laboratory of Electronics
-
Bibliography of papers on classification and allied subjects (1956)
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- Source
- Journal of documentation. 12(1956), S.227-230
-
Vickery, B.C.: ¬The significance of John Wilkins in the history of bibliographical classification (1953)
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-
Feibleman, J.K.: Theory of integrative levels (1954/55)
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- Source
- British journal for the philosophy of science. 5(1954/55), S.59-66
-
Lewis, C.I.: Mind and the world order : outline of a theory of knowledge (1956)
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-
Richmond, P.A.: Aspects of recent research in the art and science of classification (1953)
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Perry, J.W.: Mechanized searching and subject headings (1953)
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- Imprint
- New York : Columbia University School of Library Science
- Source
- The subject analysis of library materials. Ed.: M.F. Tauber
-
¬The subject analysis of library materials (1953)
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- Imprint
- New York : Columbia University School of Library Service
-
Luhn, H.P.: ¬A statistical approach to the mechanical encoding and searching of literary information (1957)
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- Source
- IBM journal of research and development. 1(1957), S.309-317
